La Umzila we-Silk Ingenye yemizila edume kakhulu emlandweni, isixhumi esikhulu somhlaba esaziwa amakhulu eminyaka. Kwakungu- inethiwekhi yemigwaqo, imizila yezohwebo ngaphezu komzila owodwa, obanzi ogcine ngokuxhumanisa i-Asia, iMiddle East, ne-Europe ngokuhambisana nezwekazi laseNdiya kanye neRussia.
Yize wawubizwa ngeSilk Road Akuthengiswanga usilika kuphela kepha kuthengiswa nezinongo, ushukela, izinto zobumba, itiye, usawoti, izinyo lendlovu, uboya nobucwebe, Ngokwesibonelo. Iqiniso ukuthi akuhambanga ngezinto kuphela kepha kwahamba amasiko, imibono, izilimi, izinkolo ngisho nezifo, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu emlandweni.
Umgwaqo weSilika
Umzila awukaze ube naleli gama ngaso sonke isikhathi, empeleni imigwaqo ehlukene yayingenamagama kuze kube ngekhulu le-XNUMX isazi sokuma komhlaba saseJalimane uFerdinand von Richthofen sayiqamba njengoSilika Road ukuvusa kusukela lapho izindlela namasiko angaqondakali.
Usilika umkhiqizo wasendulo ovela eChina futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi yaqala ukukhiqizwa cishe eminyakeni engama-2.700 XNUMX BC.Njengoba yayingumkhiqizo omuhle, yayisetshenziswa kuphela enkantolo yasebukhosini futhi ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka inqubo yokuchazwa kwayo yayiyimfihlo eyayingafanele ishiye umbuso. I-China yayibuswa yodwa kodwa usilika wahamba umhlaba wonke ubambisene nezikhulu nezentengiselwano, kwathi ngesinye isikhathi ngekhulu lokuqala BC yafika eMbusweni WaseRoma njengomkhiqizo wangaphandle kanokusho.
Usilika wangena eYurophu futhi wafaka umfutho ekuthuthukisweni kwemizila yezohwebo kusuka kuleli zwekazi kuya eMpumalanga Ekude. Ekugcineni ulwazi lokwenziwa kukasilika lwavuza futhi lwaqala ukukhiqizwa eNdiya, eJapane, eMbusweni WasePheresiya futhi ekugcineni, eNtshonalanga, cishe ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX AD. Umgwaqo iSilk waba ngomunye wemigwaqo ethandwa kakhulu futhi eyaziwa kakhulu ngeNkathi Ephakathi futhi wasetshenziswa kabanzi kwaze kwaba ngekhulu le-XNUMX.
Imigwaqo ehlukene eyakha iSilk Road yathuthuka ngesikhathi futhi ihambisana nezimo zezombusazwe zezindawo, futhi nangenxa yokushintsha komhlaba kwenkathi ethile. Umuntu angacabanga ukuthi umzila ubungowasemhlabeni kuphela kodwa cha, futhi kwadingeka ramifications olwandle okubaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekuhwebeni ngezinongo ezifana nesinamoni, ujinja, upelepele noma i-nutmeg evela ezindaweni ezibizwa ngeSpice Islands, iMoluccas.
Le mizila yasolwandle empeleni indala kakhulu, inezinkulungwane zeminyaka, ngoba phambilini beyixhumanisa iMesopotamia, i-Peninsula yase-Arabia kanye ne-Indus Valley, ngakho-ke eNkathini Ephakathi imizila yanwebeka ihambisana nokuthuthuka kwezindlela zokuzulazula kanye nezinkanyezi. Ngakho-ke njengoba ubona kwakunemizila ehlukahlukene abathengisi ababengayithatha nezinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla abazoshintshana ngazo.
Umgwaqo weSilika ngaleso sikhathi wawuyi- umzila onamandla, onamandla nokunothisa bonke abantu bomhlaba. Lokhu kwaqapheleka ngabavubukuli nabezokuma komhlaba baseYurophu bekhulu le-XNUMX abaqala ukukulandela, belangazelela ukuzijabulisa. Futhi-ke bathola amadolobha, izikhumbuzo, amanxiwa nezimfihlakalo ezisasikhanga kuze kube namuhla.
Umgwaqo weSilika namhlanje
Esikhathini sethu-ke, eziningi zalezi zakhiwo zomlando nezikhumbuzo zisamile futhi kunezindlela eziningi zokusondela kuye. Eminye yemigwaqo ethakazelisa kakhulu yakwaSilk Road iqala eBeijing iphele eTashkent, e-Uzbekistan. Abanye banqamula ububanzi beChina badlule eKyrgystan ngakho-ke bagxila kulokho okuyikho I-Asia Ephakathi, kwabaningi isigaba esithakazelisa kakhulu nesifuna ukwazi, enokuqhathanisa okuningi kwamasiko.
Umzila onconyiwe uqala ku- KazakstanEnhlokodolobha yayo ebizwa nge-Almaty, ungafika lapho ngendiza usuka eBeijing. Akukhona ukuthi i-Almaty noma iKazakhstan inezintelezi eziningi kuzo, kepha iqiniso ukuthi ukusuka lapha kulula ukwazi okuhle kakhulu kweKyrgyzstan. Usuku lonke lokuhamba uzobona amagquma nokubomvu UCharyn Canyon, ilingana neGrand Canyon edume kakhulu eColorado.
Lapha uwela ungene eKyrgyzstan Futhi kungenzeka kungabi ukuphela kokuwela umngcele, ngakho-ke kusobala, ngaphambi kokuba ungene kulo mzila, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke ukuthi imaphi amazwe asicela i-visa. IKyrgyzstan iyizwe eliluhlaza, linezigodi eziphakeme namachibi nezintaba ezigqunywe iqhwa ingunaphakade. Ayaziwa futhi yinhle, igcwele amahhashi, izinkozi eziqeqeshiwe kanye namakamu okulala ubusuku nokuzizwa komunye umhlaba.
Lokhu futhi umhlaba ophelele wokuhamba izintabaUhamba phakathi kwezintaba, emikhakheni yezimbali zasendle nasezigodini eziqoshwe izinguzunga zeqhwa lasendulo kwesinye isikhathi ungaboni muntu amahora. Kunemizila esivele ibaluliwe futhi ongakhetha kukho kuphakathi kwemizila yezinsuku ezingamahafu nemizila yamahora ayisishiyagalombili, ngezinyawo noma ngamaveni ama-4 x 4, ahlala ahambisana nomhlahlandlela.
Ukusuka enhlokodolobha yaseKyrgyzstan, iBishkek, uthatha indiza eya eTashkent, e Uzbekistan, indawo eyehluke ngokwendawo nomhlaba owushiyayo bese iba ugwadule. ITashkent yidolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke esifundeni kanye nenhlokodolobha kazwelonke, kanye nokuba yi ihabhu yezokuxhumana e-Asia Ephakathi. Izivakashi eziningi ziqasha ukuvakasha kweSilk Road lapha Izinsuku ezingama-21 ubude ziqala ngendiza eya eBeijing.
Lezi zinhlobo zohambo ngokuvamile zidlula eDunhuang, Turpan, Kashgar, Tash Rabat, Song Kol, Bishkek, Samarkand, Bukhara naseKhiva ukubuyela eTashkent ngomhla ka 21. Ucabangani? Kubahambi abaningi i-Uzbekistan ibonakala iyizwe elithuthuke kakhulu kuneKyrgyzstan, ngokukhanya okuningi enkabeni yedolobha, izindawo zabahamba ngezinyawo eziningi, impilo yasebusuku eningi. Futhi, inhlokodolobha okungenani yidolobha elikhulu, elinamaSulumane, izikwele zomphakathi nezindawo ezinjengeKhiva, iBukhara noma iSamarkand.
Uma ungafuni ukubhalisela ukuvakasha okukuyisa eBeijing, ungahlala njalo thatha uhambo kusuka eTashkent njengokuthatha i- aqeqeshe eSamarkand futhi uvakashele ezikhangayo kulo lonke idolobha: iBibi Khanym Mosque, eyake yaba enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iRegistan Square enhle negcwele ama-majolica, ama-madras, iMausoleum yaseTamerlane, idolobha elidala kanye indawo yemivubukulo yaseMarakanda, idolobha elanqotshwa abaseMakedoniya eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili edlule.
Kusuka eSamarkanda futhi fika eBukhara bese uvakashela ikomkhulu i-El Arco lapho kubulawa khona izithunywa zaseBrithani. Idolobha lonke lihle, lithule kuneSamarkand futhi lincane. Ukuhamba ihora kusuka eBukhara unomngcele namaTurkmen, ukuwela amahora amabili namanye amahora amane futhi wena ungene Merv ngesikhathi sokulala futhi uqale ukuvakasha ngosuku olulandelayo.
UMerv wake waba yingxenye yoMgwaqo iSilika Futhi ngandlela thile kubukeka ukuthi i-Uzbekistan ibizobukeka kanjani ngaphandle kosizo lweSoviet. Azikho neze izivakashi ngakho-ke kuzwakala kukhetheke ngokuphelele. Amahora amane ngemoto ufika enhlokodolobha, I-Ashgabat, idolobha elinobuntu, izakhiwo zemabula nesithombe segolide esizungeza unomphela ukubhekana nelanga. Idolobha okufanele ulihlole, ikakhulukazi ikota elidala laseRussia.
Ngemuva kwalokho ungaya ekwazini i- Izidleke Zogwadule LwaseDarvaza, isavutha umlilo kusukela ngama-70s ngenkathi ekhanyiswa ngenhloso. Kuyi-adventure ongeke wayiphuthelwa ngoba uhlala ukuchitha ubusuku ekamu eduze kakhulu nalezi zindawo ezintsha sha. Ngakusasa ngemoto uyahamba emngceleni ne-Uzbekistan futhi uyazi uKunya - urgench ngamasulumane ayo, izinqaba kanye nama-minaret kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX.
Ngemuva kokuwela umngcele kunehhafu yehora uhamba ngemoto uye kwaNukus futhi kusuka lapha ufika Elliq - Qalas, inqaba ye-limestone ebonakala ingaqhamuki ndawo futhi eyingxenye yefa lika-Alexander the Great. Kulandelwa idolobha lase I-Khiva enama-mosque amaningi nezindawo ezijwayelekile, ezine-majolica eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yonke indawo. Futhi yebo, kusukela kuleli phuzu ungakwazi thatha indiza ubuyele eTashkent okuyilapho uqale khona uhambo.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ngaphandle kokungabaza Lo mzila ogudle uSilk Road wasendulo ungenye kakhulu exotic. Futhi njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ungabhalisela ukuvakasha noma ungaqasha imoto futhi uzulazule kuwo wonke lamadolobha, kwesinye isikhathi kudinga imihlahlandlela yokuqasha noma abashayeli abazimele. Ingabe i- isigaba esikhulu, noma kunjalo, kunjalo kungcono ukuyivakashela phakathi kuka-Ephreli nokuqala kukaJuni noma uSepthemba no-Okthoba. Kuyisimo sezulu esifudumele ngaphandle kokushisa ngokweqile.
Umzila ufaka amahora amade ngemoto, izindiza ngendiza nohambo oluthile lwesitimela, ngaphakathi e-Uzbekistan futhi ekugcineni, kodwa okungenani, kunconywa ukuhamba nobhakha hhayi nepotimende ngoba ukuwela emingceleni kuhamba ngezinyawo. Ungomunye wemizila engenzeka futhi ungahle ungafuni ukuqala i-adventure wedwa, kepha engifuna ukukusho ukuthi kungenzeka. Zombili lezi zinto zingenzeka: thatha uhambo lweSilk Road noma wenze uhambo lwakho. Uyakhetha.