Yini ama-catacombs eParis

Enye yezindawo ezithandwa kakhulu izivakashi enhlokodolobha yaseFrance yiCatacombs yaseParis. Uma ungesabi ukujula futhi uthanda umlando futhi mhlawumbe i-gothic, lokhu ukuvakasha ongeke ukwazi ukuphuthelwa.

Namuhla sizobona ayini amathuna eParis, kodwa futhi ungavakashela nini futhi kanjani.

Amathuna amathuna aseParis

Imigudu midala kakhulu futhi ihlehlela emuva ngesikhathi lapho amaRoma edabula eParis. Bangababanye izimayini ze-limestone ezindalakodwa baba a amathuna avamile ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX.

Ukuqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kwezimayini kwashiya imigudu namakamelo okwathi ngaleso sikhathi ayezoba amathuna. Amathuna endawo ngaleso sikhathi sekhulunyaka le-1786 abhidlika, ngakho u-Inspector General of Quarries wanquma ngo-XNUMX ukuthi angasetshenziswa ukugcina izidumbu. Baqala ukuletha khona izidumbu zamanye amathuna, zalabo abafa ngenxa yesiphithiphithi emphakathini kanye nezigidi zamathambo asala kwezinye izindawo.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kube nemidwebo kule mihubhe, kodwa iphinde isetshenziselwe ezinye izinto ngaphandle kokugcina abafileyo nezinsalela zabantu: indawo yokucasha, isiphephelo sokumelana namaNazi, inqaba yaseJalimane, yebo, namuhla, isivakashi. indawo okuyiwa kuyo.

AmaCatacombs aseParis ahamba amamayela. Amathambo agxunyekwe ezindongeni futhi kwezinye izingxenye ungabona ama-plaque nama-altare anama-epitaphs ngesiLatini.Inhlangano ethile yokuhlobisa yenziwa, amakholomu, amathuna kanye nama-cipos omngcwabo abunjwa. Ngaphambi nje kokuvulwa kwamathuna, isiphithiphithi samathambo anqwabelene angasho lutho sashiywa futhi saqala ukumila. izakhiwo curious nge style waseGibhithe, isibonelo, noma amakholomu e-doric, ama-steles noma izindawo ezabhapathizwa ngamagama afana ne Umthombo WaseSamariya noma Isibani Se-Sepulchral.

Ngombono wokwengeza umqondo othile wezemfundo, u-Héricart de Thury, uMhloli Jikelele, wayala ukwakhiwa kwamakhabethe amabili esitayela sendabuko ukuze kuboniswe izinto ezithakaselekayo, izinto ezihlobene nezimayini kanye nezifo. Ekugcineni, izibonelo ezihlobene nezifo zamathambo kanye nokukhubazeka kwaboniswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabuye wayala ukuba kubekwe ama-plaque anemibhalo yezinkondlo yezenkolo eyayihloselwe ukukhuthaza ukuzindla ngokuphila nokufa phakathi nohambo lwe-macabre.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindawo ezingaphansi zaseParis nazo bezigxile kakhulu ezifundweni eziningi nezihlukene. Ngemva kokuvulwa kwayo, abacwaningi ababili baseFrench Museum of Natural History bazinikele ekutadisheni izitshalo ezingakhula ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga, bethola ngale nqubo ukuba khona kwama-crustaceans emithonjeni engaphansi komhlaba. U-de Thruy waze washiya izinhlanzi ezimbalwa zegolide eMthonjeni waseSamariya ukuze abone ukuthi kuzokwenzekani. Izinhlanzi zasinda kodwa azizalanga futhi zaba izimpumputhe.

Nabo behla lapha abathwebuli bezithombe abahamba phambili, uNadar ngesibonelo. Wazama izinyanga ezintathu futhi uthathe izithombe usebenzisa ukukhanya okwenziwa. Isikhathi esidingekayo sokuchayeka sasiside kakhulu kangangokuba kwadingeka asebenzise onodoli ababelingisa ukuba ngabasebenzi basezimayini. Izivivinyo zalolu hlobo zasala ngemuva, kodwa izifundo ziyaqhubeka nanamuhla, kulokhu okunikezelwe ekulondolozeni indawo.

Ngokusemthethweni, amathuna angcwatshwa njenge-Municipal Ossuary of Paris ngo-April 7, 1786 futhi ngo-1809 avulelwa umphakathi okokuqala. I-Catacombs yaseParis ngezinombolo: zingamamitha angu-20 ukujula futhi zinezitezi ezinhlanu, kunezinyathelo ezingu-131 zokwehla kanye ne-112 ukuya phezulu, isifunda sihlanganisa amamitha angu-1500, okwenza ukuvakashelwa ihora elilodwa. Indawo yonke ingamamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane eziyi-11.

Vakashela amaCatacombs aseParis

Kumakhilomitha angama-300 esewonke amahubhe, yilelo khilomitha nengxenye kuphela elivulekele umphakathi. Y Bavakashelwa nomhlahlandlela ngoba eminye imigudu iphansi kakhulu noma imincane noma igcwele amanzi kalula. Yebo, ungazihambela ngokwakho, njalo unomhlahlandlela olalelwayo. Yehla ngezitebhisi ezivunguzayo bese i-adventure iqala. Kwabaningi kuyingxenye yesayensi yemivubukulo kunemfihlakalo noma ukwesaba.

Empeleni, njengoba uhamba ubona amathambo, awusakwazi ukuzibamba uzibuza ukuthi bonke abantu abafa baphila kanjani noma bafa kanjani. Ukufunda amanye amapuleti kukhanyisa lezo zindaba, noma okungenani ekuveleni kwamathambo. Ngakho-ke, uthola ukuthi abanye bavela emathuneni ase-St-Jean futhi babekwa lapha ngo-September 1859. Ukuthi yebo, ngaphandle kwamathambo athile angamalungu ezicukuthwane zaseFrance, amanye avamile: abampofu nabacebile, amasela nabalungile, amadoda, abesifazane kanye nezingane. Phela isiphetho sawo wonke umuntu sifana ncamashi.

Hay izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuvakasha. I-Puedes conocer la umlando we-geological kusukela ezinkwalini ezakhiwa eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-45 edlule ngesenzo solwandle olushisayo, olwashiya i-limestone eyaxhashazwa ezimayini ezagcina zaba amathuna angaphansi komhlaba. Kukhona izivakashi ezinentshisekelo ku-geology, kukhona abanye abathanda ukufa, ama-gothic, ama-macabre ...

Kufanele ukwazi lokho izinga lokushisa kuma-catacombs liyisilinganiso esingu-14 ºC futhi ngokuvamile imanzi kakhulu. Ukulinda emasangweni omhubhe kuvame ukude, ngisho nasebusika, ngakho letha ijazi.

I-catacombs ingenye yezindawo eziheha kakhulu edolobheni, ngakho-ke iseluleko siwukuthi yenza ukubhuka kusenesikhathi. La maqembu anabantu abaningi abangaba ngu-20 futhi kukhona ithuba lokubhalisela oyedwa okhuluma ngezandla, ezincane. Izingane ezincane azivunyelwe, kuphela kusukela eminyakeni engu-10 ubudala, futhi uhambo luthatha phakathi kwemizuzu engama-45 nehora nesigamu.

Ukuze uthenge ithikithi ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kufanele nje uvakashele indawo esemthethweni yama-catacombs bese uchofoza chofoza ekuthengeni ithikithi. Ikuqondisa kabusha kuwebhusayithi ye-Paris Museés Billetrie. Namuhla ngesizini ka-2022 ithikithi libiza ama-euro angama-29, 27 noma ama-5 ngokulandelana. Amathikithi angomzuzu wokugcina intengo ngama-euro angama-25 no-13. Njalo phakathi kukaJuni 15 noSepthemba 30. Futhi ukusuka lapha ungenza ukuvakasha ku-inthanethi.

Amathuna aphethwe yiqembu elifanayo elinakekela i-Museé Carnavalet, elinikezelwe emlandweni waseParis.


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