Omunye wabantu abaziwa kakhulu e-Afrika yi AmaMasai noma amaMasai, namuhla esatshalaliswa phakathi IKenya neTanzania. Mhlawumbe uke wawabona amadokhumentari eziteshini ezikhethekile noma wezwa ngawo ezindabeni nakumabhayisikobho.
Abantu abangamaMasai bafika emazweni abahlala kuwo njengamanje besuka enyakatho yeKenya futhi baqala ukufuduka ngekhulu le-XNUMX, behlala ezweni. Kuyidolobha okuthi, uma uthatha uhambo oluya e-Afrika futhi uthanda izilwane zasendle, ngokuqinisekile uzophela ngokwazi ukuthi kungani uhlala eduze kakhulu nezinye iziqiwi zikazwelonke ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezithandwa kakhulu. Ake sifunde namuhla kusuka isiko namasiko abo.
AmaMaasai
Umlando womlomo waleli dolobha usho lokho nje, lokho umsuka waso eNile Valley engezansi, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeKenya, futhi lokho kwaqala ukufuduka ngekhulu le-XNUMX kwaze kwaba yilapho kuthathwa indawo yamanje, isimo esafika ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX.
AmaMaasai awasalanga ngaphandle ezingxabanweni zamakoloni ezwenikazi. Izinqubomgomo zokuhlala, isibonelo, zoMbuso WaseBrithani, zathatha amazwe, ngaphezu kwezifo zaseYurophu ezazithinta nabantu bazo. Kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi nakulo lonke ikhulu lamashumi amabili zashiywa dengwane ngenkathi kwenziwa iziqiwi kanye nezindawo zokugcina izilwane zasendleeKenya naseTanzania.
AmaMaasai abafuyi bezinkomo, abelusi, nokubaluleka kwendoda yamaMaasai kukalwa ngenani lemfuyo anayo nenani lezingane. Uma unokuncane kwakho kokubili, khona-ke ubhekwa njengompofu. Bahlale bemelana nemizamo yohulumeni bala mazwe womabili yokuthola impilo yokuhlala ngaphezulu. Ngaphambi kwalokho, ngezikhathi zamakholoni, bebelokhu bemelana nobugqila.
Ekugcineni, abantu abangamaMasai banamaqenjana futhi ngalinye linamasiko alo, izilimi zalo, indlela yalo yokugqoka, njalonjalo. Ngaphakathi kwedolobha la maqembu amancane abizwa ngokuthi "izizwe" futhi kukhona cishe angama-22.
Isiko lamaMasai
Umphakathi wamaMaasai uyinzalamizi futhi izinqumo zithathwa ngabesilisa, kwesinye isikhathi besekelwa noma belulekwa ngamadoda amadala. Amasiko abantu adluliselwa kusuka esizukulwaneni ngesizukulwane ngomlomo futhi ukwephulwa komphakathi kwamukela ukujeziswa ngokomzimba noma ukukhokhelwa ngamakha, okungukuthi, ngemfuyo, uma isicelo sokuxolisa noma sokwenza ukuthula singaphumeleli.
Mayelana nenkolo evunywa ngamaMaasai bakholwa munye, okungukuthi, bakholelwa kunkulunkulu oyedwa abambizayo Enkai noma Engai. Kuyisidalwa se- imvelo embaxambili ngakho-ke njengoba kukhona u-Engai Na-nyokie, uNkulunkulu Obomvu oziphindiselayo, kukhona u-Engai Narok, uNkulunkulu oMnyama, onguyena mfana omuhle endabeni. Kukhona futhi totem: Oodo Mongi noma i-Red Cow, no-Orok Kiteng, noma i-Black Cow; kanye ne-totem yesilwane okuyingonyama.
Mhlawumbe ucabanga ukuthi ukuba yi-totem ebalulekile ibhubesi alinakubulawa, ngesitayela sezinkomo ezingcwele eNdiya, kepha akunjalo. AmaMasai ayazibulala izingonyama, yize zikwenza ngendlela ekhethekile ngoba ngaphezu kwendebe kungumkhosi wokwethwasa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingabe amaMasai anakho shaman, umlamuli phakathi kwezwe laphezulu nezwe lomuntu? Yebo, kwaziwa njenge laibon futhi ngokunembile wenza iziphrofetho, uphulukise futhi abhule, ikakhulukazi emibuzweni ephathelene nesimo sezulu noma izingxabano phakathi kwezizwe. Le ndima ingokomlando, kepha njengoba izikhathi zishintshile namuhla i-laibon nayo ifeza indima yezepolitiki.
Izikhathi zanamuhla zisondeze umuthi waseNtshonalanga kubantu baseMaasai, kusiza ekuthuthukiseni izinga lokuzalwa eliphansi ngokomlando kanye nokusinda kwezingane. Ezweni elingenawo ama-antibiotic noma ulwazi ngenhlanzeko, amaMaasai babona kuphela ingane njengelungu lesizwe inezinyanga ezintathu ubudala. Kuthiwani ngokufa? Ngabe unamasiko noma isiko elithile ngokufa noma ngokuphila emva kwakho?
Cha, awukho umkhosi okhethekile noma izinkolelo ezihlola impilo emva kokufa. Ngombono we-pragmatic wokuphila lapho umuntu efa, iyafa bese umzimba ushiywa ukuba ufune, noma mhlawumbe kungcwatshwa umphathi omkhulu. Uma ngasizathu simbe izilwane zingayidli, kukholakala ukuthi kukhona okubi okwenziwe futhi kungaletha amashwa emndenini, ngakho-ke ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi abahlambalazi bayashiya amathambo kwesinye isikhathi bemboza umzimba ngokudla.
Ekhuluma ngokudla, imfuyo ingokokufaka kwabo okuyisisekeloBakhipha inyama, ubisi ngisho negazi ezinkomeni, kwesinye isikhathi abaziphuzayo. Yize ngokomlando bekulokhu kunjalo, kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi isibalo semfuyo sehle namuhla nabo bathembele ku irayisi, amazambane, iklabishi namabele. Namuhla, ukuba ngumfundisi kuphela kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi idolobha lonke lihlukaniswe phakathi kwesiko nokulungiselela izingane zabo umhlaba wanamuhla.
Umphakathi wamaMaasai uthuthuka kusukela ekuzalweni kuye ebudaleni ngokweqa izigaba ezahlukene futhi Imikhosi yokuthwasa lokho kwenzeka lapho imizimba ishintsha. Ngakho-ke, ubuntwana bezingane budlala kakhulu kuze kube ngo-12 baqala njengamaqhawe, kanti amantombazane awakwazi ukunakekela umsebenzi wasendlini.
Izingane, ukuba ngamaqhawe, asokwe ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia. Ukukhula kubuhlungu futhi umqondo lowo. Ingabe kuyakuhlaba umxhwele? Yebo, ake ucabange ukuthi ipipi liyaphola ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu noma ezine futhi ngaleso sikhathi ukuchama kuyisimo.
Izingane, eminyakeni edlule, zidlula komunye umkhuba obenza bazuze, ake sithi, isimo se- amaqhawe amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ababandulelayo babo baqhubeka nokuthatha izinqumo zepolitiki behlala kule ndawo eyayiphethwe yasebekhulile, kuze kube bona uqobo sebengaleyo minyaka. Amaqhawe amancane anezinwele ezinde, abadala banezinwele ezimfishane. Futhi kuthiwani ngamantombazane? Nakhu isiko lokusoka amantombazane njengesinyathelo esidlule esimeni sakhe sokuba ngowesifazane ongashada.
AmaMaasai abheka ukusoka kwabesifazane njengokudingekayo futhi indoda yamaMaasai ayishadi abantu besifazane abangazange benze lo mkhuba kubizwa emuratare Futhi uma bemukela, ilobolo lishibhile kakhulu. Owesifazane ongasokiwe uthathwa njengomuntu ongakhulile. Akufanele ube ne-clitoris yokushada futhi ukhulelwe, futhi uma usukhulelwe awukwazi ukuya ocansini.
Ngokusobala, leli siko kulezi zinsuku kugxekwa kakhulu futhi kukhona ubushoshovu obunamandla ngokumelene nalo kuze kufinyelele ezingeni lokuthi kufinyelelwe ukuthi, kwesinye isikhathi, kodwa hhayi kangako, okuningi akwenziwa futhi umkhosi wenkantolo ungokomfanekiso. Kumele kushiwo lokho namuhla eKenya naseTanzania ukusikwa kwabesifazane akuvumelekile.
Lokhu maqondana nomphakathi wamaMaasai kanye nezimpawu zawo, into okufanele ifundwe ngaphambi kokuhambela i-Afrika ukuze ubazi kangcono. Ngemuva kwalokho, ozokubona kuhlobene kakhulu ne- umculo wawo nomdanso wawo nobuciko bawo. Kunemidanso eminingi, izingoma nenkolo yangempela ye ukuguqulwa komzimba ngamacici ezindlebeni, azo zonke izinhlobo nosayizi, kanye nokukhishwa kwama-canines ebuntwaneni (ngoba bacabanga ukuthi uhudo, umkhuhlane noma ukuhlanza kubangelwa ukopha kula mazinyo). .
Bafaka nemigexo, namasongo, nezingubo ezimibalabala ezithengiswa njengezikhumbuzo zabavakashi. Ekugcineni, amanye amaqiniso: namuhla inani labo lilinganiselwa kubantu abangama-900.000 Bakhuluma ngani? Maa, kodwa futhi Bakhuluma isiNgisi nesiSwahili.