I-Auschwitz, ukwethuka komlando

Esinye sezifundo ukuthi Impi Yezwe Yesibili kuhlobene nokuthi inzondo yabantu, ukubandlulula, ukucwaswa kwabokufika kungaba yimbi kangakanani. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengama-70 ngemuva kokuphela kwempi enjalo, umhlaba awubonakali ngathi usifundile isifundo. Auschwitz kukhona ukukhumbula.

Impela akuyona indlela evamile yokuhamba izivakashi, ingasaphathwa eyokuzijabulisa, kepha ngicabanga ukuthi inamandla okusibeka ku-eksisi. Lapho sikhononda ngomakhelwane, abokufika, abantu abehlukene, lapho ukungakhululeki kuphenduka intukuthelo nentukuthelo, lapho-ke kufanele sikhumbule umlando ukuze singaphinde siwele kulokho kushaqeka okufanayo.

Auschwitz

Ngesikhathi seMpi Yomhlaba Yesibili iJalimane yahlasela amazwe amaningi aseYurophu kanti elinye lawo lalikhona IPoland. Imishini yamaNazi yakha amathangi, izindiza, imikhumbi-ngwenya namabhomu futhi ngasikhathi sinye yaqothula izigidi zabantu ngendlela ehleleke kakhulu nenemininingwane ngangokunokwenzeka. Yilokho i- Amakamu okufa futhi okwaziwa kakhulu kwaba I-Auschwitz.

Empeleni wazalwa njengensimu eyodwa futhi ekugcineni waba yinkimbinkimbi kwabathathu: I-Auschwitz I, i-Auschwitz II - iBirkenau ne-Auschwitz III - iMonowitz, lapho kwengezwa khona amashumi ambalwa ngaphezulu, abalingiswa abaphansi noma abangaphansi. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi usePoland, cishe amakhilomitha angama-43 eKrakow. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi namuhla kudle abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi kwezigidi ezintathu nokuthile abenebhadi lokuwela lapho.

Amakamu okuhlushwa nokubhujiswa babephethwe yi-SS, iSchultztaffel noma abakaki bokuvikela, umbutho wezempi, wamaphoyisa kanye nowezokuphepha owawusebenzela iNational Socialist Party futhi, ngempi, walingisa kuzo zonke izindawo ezazinabantu. Ngokuthula ungacabanga ngohlobo lokuQulwa Kwamacala Ezihlubuki.

I-Auschwitz I yayiyisikhungo sokuphatha Yenkimbinkimbi abadlula kuyo futhi lapho kungashonanga khona amaJuda kuphela kepha nabaphikisi bezepolitiki, abasebenzi noma ama-gypsies. Umqondo wokwakhiwa kwekamu waqhamuka kuHimmler, ilungu eliphakeme le-SS kusukela ngo-1925. Waqoka umphathi wayo wokuqala, uRudolf Hoss, ukuba aphathe inkambi entsha kusukela ngo-1940.

Le nkambu yakhiwe edolobheni lase-Auschwitz, ekuThuleni okuphezulu, indawo okwakumele inikezwe iPoland ngokusayinwa kweSivumelwano SaseVersailles. Bekuhlalwa ngabantu ababalelwa ku-1400 kanti iningi labo bekungamaJuda. Inhloso yokuqala yalo mkhakha bekuwukunqoba abantu bese bewenza umsebenzi.

Iziboshwa zokuqala zazingaphezu kuka-700 izishoshovu zezombusazwe zasePoland ezahlala zibhekwe yizigebengu zaseJalimane ezazilethwe ikakhulukazi uhlobos, capos, iziboshwa ezikhethekile ezifeze imisebenzi yokuphatha nokulawula.

AmaJuda, osopolitiki basePoland, ongqingili, iziboshwa ezivamile, bawele bonke lapha. Lesi sibalo sihlale silingana phakathi 13 no 16 abantu abayizinkulungwane yize ngo-1942 kwakuneziboshwa ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-20. Basebenza kusuka ekuphumeni kwelanga kuya ekushoneni kwalo e- imboni yezikhali futhi ngenxa yezimo ezesabekayo zezempilo nezokudla ukufa kwakuphezulu njalo. Ngokusobala, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukufa kuzongezwa ngamabomu, ngenxa ye- amakamelo kagesi afakwa ngemuva kuka-1941.

E-Auschwitz I bekukhona namalabhorethri ambalwa, elilodwa lezolimo kanti elinye liphethe ucwaningo lomuntu nguDkt MengeleFuthi sengathi lokho kwakunganele, indawo yezifebe eyayisetshenziswa iziboshwa ezinelungelo futhi ezazisebenzisa iziboshwa njengezifebe kwakuyinto embi kabi.

Ngokwengxenye yayo I-Auschwitz II - IBirkenau iyona sonke esiyicabanga uma sikhuluma nge-Auschwitz. Kulapha lapho izinkulungwane zamaJuda namaGypsies zavalelwa khona zaqothulwa. Cishe ngamakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka kwelokuqala futhi ibinezigaba eziningana. Kwafika abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Lapha awusebenzi, lapha uqothulwe yingakho kwakukhona izidumbu ezine ezinegumbi legesi ukuthi bangakhipha abantu abayi-2.5900 ngokushintsha ngakunye.

Abantu bafe ngokushesha kwathi ngemuva kokuhlola izidumbu ukukhipha izingcezu zegolide baya endaweni okushiswa kuyo izidumbu. Konke njengakwifektri, igxathu negxathu. Baningi abantu abadlula lapha kangangokuba kunezinsuku lapho kuhhavini bekunganele futhi izidumbu kufanele zishiswe emlilweni.

I-Auschwitz II - iMonowitz Kwakungenye yezinkambu zesibili futhi kwakuhlobene nenkampani IG Farben yokukhiqiza irabha lokwenziwa nophethiloli owuketshezi. Abagulayo noma ababuthakathaka babethunyelwa kwamanye amakamu ukuze babulawe ngakho-ke ukujikeleza kwakungunaphakade.

Izinombolo umlando osinika zona zikhuluma ngani bangaphezu nje kwesigidi abantu abafele lapha futhi? Ama-90% abo ayengamaJuda. AmaPolish, amaHungary, amaFulentshi, amaDashi, amaGreki, ama-Austrian, amaJalimane kanye namaNazi aphethwe amaNazi avela kwamanye amazwe amaningi aphethwe amaNazi, kanye neziboshwa zaseSoviet naseGypsy. Futhi enye into: iziboshwa zase-Auschwitz kuphela ezadwetshwa.

Vakashela i-Auschwitz

Ungakwenza ohambweni okuyinto namuhla ezungeze ama-euro angama-40 ngokudluliswa, ukungena emasimini kanye nemihlahlandlela ekhethekile, noma futhi ungazihambela wedwa ngesitimela noma ngemoto. Ngesitimela ungafika esiteshini i-Oswiecim, okuyisona esiseduzane, futhi ukusuka lapha uthathe itekisi noma ibhasi lendawo. Ngebhasi elisuka esiteshini esisodwa sangaphakathi eKrakow sixhumanisa inhlokodolobha nezinkambu ngqo.

Indawo eyigalofu ivulwa nsuku zonke kusuka ngo-7: 30 ekuseni kuye ku-2 noma ngo-7 ntambama, kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka. Ngokuvakashelwa, kungakuhle ukuthi ugcine ngokufaka iwebhusayithi ehambelanayo (visituschwitz.org) bese ukhetha usuku lwakho lokuvakasha. Uma usukhethile, ungabhuka lolu hambo ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene. Une lapho izindawo ezitholakala emaqenjini nakuhlelo. Isibonelo, ukuvakasha nomhlahlandlela ngeSpanishi ngoMeyi 25 olandelayo, ngoMgqibelo, kubiza ama-zloty angama-60, cishe ama-euro angama-14.

Uhambo olujwayelekile lusuka emahoreni amabili nohhafu kuya emahoreni amathathu nohhafu, kukhona izinkambo zokufunda futhi ukuhambela ngakunye kungathatha amahora amathathu nohhafu. Uma uzofuna umhlahlandlela kuzofanela wenze isicelo bese ubeka okungenani izinsuku ezinhlanu ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kunemibukiso ehlala njalo kule nkimbinkimbi ngakho-ke kuwumqondo omuhle ukuhlela ukuvakashelwa kwakho.

Futhi kunomnyuziyamu nesikhumbuzo. Umnyuziyamu utholakala emaphethelweni edolobha lase-Oswiecim, emzileni kazwelonke u-933, amakhilomitha amabili ukusuka esiteshini sesitimela futhi ungafinyelelwa ngebhasi. Indawo yokungena ezingadini zesikhumbuzo imahhala kepha kufanele ugcine umnyango kuwebhusayithi. Ukusetshenziswa kwemihlahlandlela kunenkokhelo, kusobala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indawo ezungeze i-Auschwitz I ne-II nayo ingavakashelwa ngezikhathi zomunye nomunye wethu.


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