IGrisi yindawo okungafanele ilahlekelwe yisihambi kuyo. Inakho konke: i-gastronomy engakholeki, umlando omningi, amasiko amaningi nezindawo zemivubukulo eziqhathaniswa kuphela nezaseGibhithe. Omunye wabo ungene UDelphi futhi i-UNESCO imemezele le ndawo ngeze Amagugu Emhlaba.
Sonke sizwile ngakho i-oracle yedelphi ngesikhathi esithile, ingabe kunjalo? Ukubhula, ukufundwa okuzayo, amabika…. Ngaphezu kwalezi zindaba ezivela kwa-Antiquity noma ngenxa yazo, iqiniso ukuthi indawo ongayigeja.
UDelphi
Namuhla idolobha lisendaweni eyodwa yemithambeka yeNtaba iParnassus, eseduze kakhulu nesiza esidumile se-oracle nendawo engcwele ka-Apollo, eduze kwedolobha laseKastri futhi ngamakhilomitha ayi-15 kuphela ukusuka eGulf of Corinth.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, ukuba kwayo phakathi kwezintaba zezintaba kwakwenza kube nzima ukufinyelela, ngakho-ke kwakukhona izindlela ezintathu zokungena kuyo: kusuka e-Anfisa, eCrisa naseBootiotia. Kwakungoyedwa idolobha elincane ivikelwe kakhulu yijografi yayo, kepha kwakwakhelwe nodonga ngakho.
Le ndawo yaziwa njengendawo engcwele engcwele ngisho nangaphambi kwamaGrikhi asendulo. UHomer uthe isisekelo se-oracle ngumsebenzi ka-Apollo, owayefuna ukuyithola eduze kweNtaba iParnassus, wayithanda kakhulu le ndawo futhi wakha ithempeli. Vele, ngaphambi kokuthi anakekele ukuhlanza indawo yezinyoka nezilo, ahehe abapristi phakathi kwamaCretan futhi ahlele konke. Noma kunjalo bathi.
Iqiniso ngukuthi, ekuqaleni, idolobha laseCrisa laliphethe i-oracle nendawo engcwele, kodwa ekugcineni, eduze kwendlu engcwele, elinye idolobha laqala ukwakheka, ngesikhathi esithile, elalifuna ukuyiphatha: UDelphi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iDelphi ibibaluleke kakhulu kuneCrisa nechweba layo futhi kwaba yi idolobha elinamandla - izwe. Abapristi bendawo engcwele bakhethwa ohlwini lozalo lwendawo okwakufanele babe ngabomdabu waseDoric, kanye nababusi babo.
Kwakungekho ntando yeningi lapha noma yini efana naleyo. Uhulumeni waseDelphi wayengu- umbuso ongokwasezulwini ngoba konke kwakudlula ethempelini nasekukhulekeleni kwalo. Lo mhlaba wawusetshenziswa izigqila futhi abapristi bathola izipho neminikelo evela kumakhosi nabathengisi abacebile ababebuza kuleso sibikezelo. Akukho okungaziwa kithina. I-oracle ngaleso sikhathi yayidume kakhulu ngakho-ke ngenkathi ivutha umlilo ngo-548 BC kwathathwa isinqumo sokuyakha ngobukhazikhazi obukhulu.
Kamuva amaPheresiya azofika, ukuzamazama komhlaba okubhubhisayo, umsebenzi ophoqelelwe ngoba ingcebo yethempeli yayikhanga kakhulu kwabaningi, abanye bephanga futhi ekugcineni Nero othathe amakhulu ezithombe, wahlukanisela amasosha akhe umhlaba waqeda ne-oracle. Ihlale isikhashana ngosizo luka-Adriano kepha ekugcineni UTheodosius I wavimbela ukukhulekelwa kwamaqaba ngo-385. Ngokufika kobuKristu, base bakhohliwe futhi benganakwa.
Ukuvubukulwa kwezinto zakudala kwaqala ngekhulu le-XNUMX ezandleni zamaJalimane futhi sikweleta okuningi okutholakele okuhlaba umxhwele nokuvubukula kwamanje okuqhubeka ezandleni zeFrench School of Athens.
Yini ongayibona eDelphi
Indawo yokuvubukula inezindawo ezingcwele ezimbili, enye inikezelwe ku-Athena kanti enye ine-Apollo nezinye izakhiwo zezemidlalo. Lapho ufika ngqo uvela e-Athene into yokuqala oyibonayo yiSanctuary ye-Athena Pronaia, ngaphambi kweThempeli lika-Apollo. Ngaphandle kodonga kunweba indawo yokuhlala yaseDelphi, kepha ngaphakathi kwezindonga kulapho iTholos, namuhla iwuphawu lwesiqhingi, nokuthi yini okusele kwamathempeli amathathu anikezelwe kunkulunkulukazi.
Kunamathempeli amabili amadala esukela maphakathi nekhulu lesi-500 kanye nele-373 BC Ithempeli lesithathu elenziwe ngamatshe amatshe lacekelwa phansi ukuzamazama komhlaba ngo-XNUMX BC Indawo engcwele ifaka nama-altare uZeus, u-Athena Ergane, u-Athena Zosteria, u-Eileithyia noHygeia futhi kukhona izinsalela zezakhiwo ezimbili ezinikezelwe ekukhulekeleni amaqhawe endawo axoshe amaPheresiya esiqhingini, i-Autonos nePhylakos.
Mayelana naleli qiniso lomlando kukhona nesikhumbuzo, a isithombe sombusi uHadrian nesakhiwo esaziwa ngokuthi "yindlu yabapristi." Ngasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yethempeli lika-Athena yi ijimu, inkundla yokugezela. Phezulu egqumeni bekuvame ukuba nesiphethu, i intwasahlobo engcwele yaseDelphi ukuthi izihambi zazivame ukuphuza nokuzihlanza ngaphambi kokuya egumbini.
Umongo wale ndawo kodwa yiSanctuary ka-Apollo, lizungezwe udonga olunomnyango omkhulu oseningizimu-mpumalanga. Kusuka lapha iNdlela eNgcwele noma indlela efinyelela ethempelini lika-Apollo iqala, okuyilapho umpristikazi esho ukubikezela kwakhe. Ezinhlangothini kukhona amathala okufakelwa anezindonga ezinkulu ezinamapulangwe nokunye okuningi izikhumbuzo ezinikezelwe kubantu abacebile nakonkulunkulu bamaGrikhi.
Zonke lezi yizikhumbuzo, ezinye zazo zinhle kakhulu, ezikhombisa izinga lobuciko lezikhathi ezahlukahlukene kanye nengcebo yalabo abakuthumele njengokubonga i-oracle. Kukhona ngisho nethusi noma isiliva, imabula enhle kakhulu, futhi inokunethezeka kakhulu.
Le ndawo empeleni iyinto ehehayo futhi ephelele futhi ekusebenzeni kufanele ukuthi yayihle kakhulu. Cabanga lokho phambili ethempelini kwakukhona itiyetha lapho kwenzeka khona imincintiswano yomculo neyeshashalazi futhi isekhona ngisho nangaphezulu inkundla yemiqhudelwano yezemidlalo. Kuyamangalisa! Hlanganisa izinsalela zefayela le- Amathuna ezinkathi zakudala nezaseRoma ezingaphandle nangaseduze nezindawo ezingcwele futhi uzochitha isikhathi esiningi uhamba, uthatha izithombe futhi ucabanga.
Ungafika kanjani eDelphi? Idolobha lanamuhla laseDelphi lisemgwaqweni oxhumanisa i-Amfisa ne-Itea ne-Aráchova. Izivakashi zivela kuwo wonke umhlaba ngoba indawo yokuvubukula isondele kakhulu. Kuyena kukhona i- I-Archaeological Museum yaseDelphi nayo yonke ingcebo yalo. UDelphi kungaphezu nje kwamahora amabili ukusuka e-Athene ngemoto. Njengoba iDelphi isendaweni enzima ukufinyelela kuyo ungafika lapho ngomgwaqo futhi okuhle kakhulu ukusizakala ngohambo lokwazi ezinye izindawo, ngokwesibonelo iMeteora nezindela zayo.
Ungaqasha imoto noma uhambe ngebhasi. Umzila we-Athens - Delphi uhlanganiswa nezinsizakalo eziyisithupha ngosuku. Amabhasi asuka kuTheminali B kuLiossion Street e-Athens kusuka ngo-7: 30 ekuseni kuya ku-8 ntambama. Vumela cishe amahora amathathu ohambo.