Kunentaba ebanzi enqamula ingxenye enkulu yeYurophu: i-Alps. Izintaba zayo zinhle futhi eziningi zazo zidumile, izindawo zezivakashi, ama-protagonists wemidwebo, izindaba nezindaba eziyinkulungwane.
Asihlangane namhlanje zinjani i-alps nokuthi izindawo othandekayo unathi.
Izintaba ze-Alps
Izintaba ze-Alps bahamba ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwamakhilomitha ayi-1200 XNUMX bewela amazwe ayisishiyagalombili kusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga ezwenikazi laseYurophu. Amakhilomitha amaningi kangaka abukeka njenganingi kepha eqinisweni awekho kangako, futhi ahlala engxenyeni encane yochungechunge olungasuki olusuka ezintabeni ze-Atlas eNyakatho Afrika luye eHimalaya, e-Asia, lunqamula iYurophu.
Izintaba i-Alps zisuka enyakatho, zisuka ogwini iMedithera eduze kwaseNice, eFrance, ziye eLake Geneva bese ijikela empumalanga-enyakatho-mpumalanga ngaseVienna. Athinta iDanube lapho, eVienna Woods, anyamalale aye ethafeni. Yimaphi amazwe awela i-Alps? IFrance, i-Italy, iSwitzerland, iJalimane, i-Austria, iSlovenia, iCroatia, iBosnia neHerzegovina, iMontenegro, iSerbia ne-Albania. Kula mazwe yi-Austria neSwitzerland kuphela engabonakala njengamazwe asezintabeni ngempela.
Izintaba ze-Alps hlala cishe amakhilomitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezingama-207 futhi ngaphandle kokungabaza zingenye yezimpawu zezwekazi. Futhi lokho akunakuqhathaniswa nakancane nobubanzi bezintaba obakhiwe cishe noma ngaphansi kwezigidi zeminyaka edlule njengama-Andes amakhulu noma amaHimalaya. Kepha iYurophu yi-Eurocentric, ngakho-ke lezi zintaba kwesinye isikhathi zithandwa kakhulu kunezinye.
I-Alps ibilokhu futhi isekhona namanje injini yeminotho eminingi yezwe. Uma kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka umnotho ungowokwelusa, kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX lemboni ibusa kakhulu ezintweni ezihlinzekwa yizintaba uqobo lwazo: insimbi, amanzi asetshenziswa ezitshalweni zikagesi, i-aluminium, imboni yamakhemikhali, insimbi ... Futhi, kungani kungenjalo, ezokuvakasha, imboni ngaphandle koshimula.
Kodwa uyini umsuka we-Alps? Le ntaba eyakhiwe phakathi kweminyaka engama-65 nengama-44 million edlule, ekupheleni kwesikhathi seMesozoic. Iphrofayili yokuqala yokwakheka komhlaba yabe seyishintshwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-glaciation, ngokwesibonelo, yakha kakhulu i-Alps, yakha iziqongo ezinhle, izigodi ezibanzi nezijulile, izimpophoma, amachibi ajulile, amagquma njalonjalo. Ngaleso sikhathi iLake Constance, iSalzkammergut, impophoma yaseStaubbach, iMatterhorn noma iGrossglockner, ngokwesibonelo, zazalwa.
Ngakho-ke, osukwini lwethu, Izintaba zase-Alps zihlukaniswe izigaba ze-Western Alps, i-Central Alps, nezingxenye ze-Eastern Alps okuyizintaba ezahlukahlukene zezintaba. I-Western Alps iqala enyakatho ukusuka ogwini, inqamula eningizimu-mpumalanga yeFrance nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Italy ibheke eLake Geneva naseRhône Valley eSwitzerland. Nayi iMaritime Alps, ephansi futhi eseduze noLwandle iMedithera, kanye neVerdon Canyon ejulile noma iziqongo ezibandayo zeMercantour Massif kanye IMont Blan ngamamitha angu-4.807 ukuphakama, okuyisiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke kuwo wonke ama-Alps.
I-Los Izintaba eziphakathi nendawo Asukela eSan Bernardo Pass, empumalanga yeMont Blanc nasemngceleni weSwitzerland-Italy, esifundeni seSplügen Pass, enyakatho yeLake Como. Kule ndawo esisanda kuyikala kunezintaba ezithandwa kakhulu njenge IMatterhorn, iFinsteraarhorn, i-Weisshorn kanye neDufourspitze, bonke bayanda. Kukhona namachibi eqhwa aseMaggiore naseComo, angena emfuleni iPo.
Ngokwabo Izintaba zaseMpumalanga bayingxenye yeRätische Mountain Range eSwitzerland, iBavarian Alps eJalimane nasentshonalanga ye-Austria, amaDolomites e-Italy, amaJulian Alps asenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Italy nasenyakatho yeSlovenia, izintaba zaseTauern e-Austria noma iDinaric Alps eNhlonhlweni yaseBalkan. Imifula kule ndawo yiMur, iDrau, iSava, iSalzach, i-Enns noma iLake Garda.
Iqiniso yilokho ukukhululeka kwe-Alps akulingani neze: izintaba eziphakeme kakhulu zisentshonalanga, emthonjeni weMont Blanc naseFinsteraahorn massif, indawo yeMonte Rosa noma i-Weisshorn massif. Kodwa kuyiqiniso ukuthi izwe ngalinye linezintaba zalo eziphakeme kakhulu eziphakeme. Ngokwesibonelo? Yebo, e-Austria yiGrossglockner, eJalimane iZugspitze, eSlovenia iTriglav.
Kodwa hhayi kuphela ukukhululeka kwe-Alps okungalingani kodwa futhi nesimo sezulu. Ngenxa yokwehluka kobude kunokuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu, hhayi kuphela phakathi kwezintaba kodwa nasezintabeni ezifanayo. I-Alps ithinteka kakhulu yi amathonya amane wesimo sezulu: entshonalanga kuza isimo sezulu esipholile futhi esinomswakama, kusuka enyakatho kube nesimo sezulu esibandayo nesimumethe kakhulu, empumalanga isimo sezulu esomile nesibanda kakhulu esiletha ihlobo elishisayo, naseningizimu nomoya ofudumele waseMedithera.
Manje, lapha sinesithakazelo kwezokuvakasha ngakho ...Yini i-Alps enikeza abahambi? Yebo, selokhu kwaphela iMpi Yezwe Yesibili, ezokuvakasha bezikhula futhi amazwe ancintisana ukuheha abahambi. E-Alps kukhona abaseduze Izindawo zokungcebeleka zokushushuluza ezingama-600 kanti ezingama-270 zazo zise-Austria kuphela. Yize umuntu ehlanganisa izintaba nezokuvakasha ebusika, kodwa kuningi nokuvakasha ehlobo, ngakho-ke kungashiwo ukuthi kunezindawo eziningi umnotho wazo ogxile kwezokuvakasha.
Ngenhlanhla Izinkinga zokuhamba esikhathini esedlule. Emiphakathini yendabuko yezintaba kungezwe imizila, imigwaqo emikhulu, ujantshi wesitimela, imigudu futhi kusobala ukuthi izindiza, ngakho namuhla akukho lapho kungafinyeleleka khona ezintabeni.
Ungaya kuphi ku-Alps? En Alemania kunezindawo eziningi ezithandekayo eBavarian Alps. Isikhathi se-ski siqala kusukela ekupheleni kukaDisemba kuya ku-Ephreli nasehlobo phakathi kokuphela kukaMeyi nasekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Izindawo zokungcebeleka ezinkulu kunazo zonke endaweni yilezi I-Garmisch-Partenkirchen, ikhefu elijwayelekile laseBavaria, kepha futhi ungavakashela i-Oberstdorf, iFüssen neBerchtesgaden.
Uma uqasha imoto, omunye wemizila ehamba phambili kunazo zonke yi- Umzila we-Alpine waseJalimane ohamba amakhilomitha angama-450 ukusuka eLindau, eLake Constance, kuya eSchönau. I-Alps in Austria basinikeza izindawo ezinhle zesigodi saseDanube nethafa lasePannonian, kanye namadolobha namadolobha abonakala ethathiwe kumakhadikhadi, eSlovenia i-Alps kanye noLwandle iMedithera bahlangana nethafa elifanayo lasePannonia futhi kukhona imihume, amahlathi, izigodi, amagquma , izimpophoma namachibi nezintaba ezizulazulayo.
En EFrance i-Alps ibuye idale izindawo ezinhle, ezinamadolobhana nezinqaba, ku Italia izimangaliso nazo ziyenzeka kepha njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, uma ufuna kuphela cishe ama-100% we-alpine namathafa lapho-ke lapho uya khona ESwitzerland!
ISwitzerland inezintaba zokuphupha, izitimela ze-cogwheel, izimoto zekhebula, iziqongo ze-ski ezinemibhoshongo ye-panoramic, izindawo zokunethezeka nezindawo ezifinyeleleka kalula, amadolobha ahlukahlukene kanye namasiko amaningi ndawonye. Noma kunjalo, ngicabanga ukuthi kucacile ukuthi njengendawo eya eYurophu, ebusika noma ehlobo, i-Alps.