I-Basilica yase-Atocha kanye nePantheon of Illustrious Men of Madrid

Eduze nePlaza de Carlos V eMadrid, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-Atocha, kuneBasilica of Our Lady of Atocha. Umlando wayo unomsuka wokuzinikela esithombeni esincane seVirgin esilethwe sisuka e-Antiyokiya ngokwenganekwane. Eceleni kwayo kukhona i-Pantheon of Illustrious Men lapho osopolitiki nobuntu bekhulu le-XNUMX bangcwatshwa khona. 

Lezi yizindawo ezimbili ezithakazelisa kakhulu ukuvakashela enhlokodolobha yaseSpain, kepha azinakwa izivakashi eziningi ezivakashela iMadrid. Kungakho namuhla sithatha uhambo ngomlando wesonto kanye ne-pantheon, izikhumbuzo ezimbili ezixhumene kakhulu nezikhulu zakuleli. Ungakwazi yini ukuhamba nathi?

I-Basilica of Our Lady yase-Atocha

Cishe ngekhulu le-XNUMX, kwakhiwa i-hermitage yakudala, eyaqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yaze yakhiwa isonto elikhulu kanye nesonto lezindela laseDominican ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Umgqugquzeli wayo kwakunguFray Juan Hurtado de Mendoza, owayevuma uMbusi uCarlos V. Kusukela lapho, umndeni wasebukhosini waseSpain waba nomuzwa wokuthi iVirgin yase-Atocha, yaze yaba ngusiyazi empini kaFelipe II. Wayehlala eza kuye ezosizwa nguNkulunkulu futhi abonge umusa wakhe.

UFelipe IV wammemezela ngo-1643 njengomvikeli wobukhosi nobukhosi baseSpain. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, indlovukazi u-regent uMaría Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena waqala isiko lokwethula izikhulu ezintsha ezazizalwa yiVirgin yase-Atocha.

Ngemuva kokuphangwa kwamasosha kaNapoleon ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, le ndawo yabuyiselwa futhi ngemuva kokuthathwa kwesigodlo saseDominican saguqulwa saba yindawo yezikhubazi zabakhubazekile. Ngenxa yesimo esonakele safinyelela cishe ngonyaka we-1890, iNdlovukazi uRegent María Cristina wathuma iphrojekthi yeBasilica entsha yeVirgin yaseAtocha ngesitayela saseMpumalanga yamaRoma futhi kwakhiwa i-Pantheon of Illustrious Men.

Impi Yombango yayizokwenza isembozo esontweni njengoba yayishiswa, ilahlekelwe yiyo yonke imisebenzi yobuciko ngaphandle kwesithombe seVirgin yase-Atocha esasikade sifihlwe endlini yangasese. Kwakungeke kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi kamuva lapho umsebenzi wokubuyisela uqala, wasizakala ngengxenye yezindonga ezazikhona kodwa waqeda noma iyiphi insalela yomhlobiso waseByzantium.

Cishe ngama-60s wekhulu lama-XNUMX, isikole iVirgen de Atocha sakhiwa siphethe umbhoshongo wama-campanile wamahhala kanye nezinkundla zokudlala.

I-Basilica of the Virgin of Atocha itholakala e-Avenida Ciudad de Barcelona nº 1 eMadrid.

Injani iBasilica yeVirgin yaseAtocha?

Le basilica ine-nave eyodwa, amasonto asemaceleni nemipheme phakathi kwama-buttresses, i-vault eyehlisiwe enama-lunettes ne-chapel eyindilinga ekhanda. I-façade enyaweni, yesitayela se-classicist, ifakwe isicathulo esingunxantathu futhi izungezwe imibhoshongo emibili enesilayidi "ku-Austrian style". Indawo yesigodlo, enohlelo luka- "L", inamathiselwe ekhanda, yakha ikhandlela elinepulani lesikwele.

I-Pantheon yamadoda akhanyayo

I-Pantheon of Illustrious Men iphendula izingqinamba ezimbili zokuphela kwekhulu: ukwakheka kwezomlando kanye nokuqoshwa komngcwabo. Isizathu esichaza ukuthi kungani indawo yokungcwaba "yamadoda ethu avelele" ibuyela emuva ngonyaka we-1837, lapho abakwaCortes Generales bavotela iphrojekthi yokuguqula isonto laseSan Francisco el Grande libe yiNational Pantheon of Illustrious Men. Laba kufanele bakhethwe yiNkantolo eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu ngemuva kokushona kwabo. Kwahlongozwa amagama amaningi, kulahlwa labo izidumbu zabo ezazingatholakali (iCervantes, iVelázquez, iTirso de Molina, njll.)

Ekugcineni leli qembu lokuqala lavulwa ngo-1869, liphethe izinsalela zezimbongi uJuan de Mena, uGarcilaso de la Vega no-Alonso de Ercilla; amasosha uGonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (uKaputeni Omkhulu) noFederico Gravina; iJaji Eliyinhloko lase-Aragon Juan de Lanuza; ababhali uFrancisco de Quevedo noPedro Calderón de la Barca kanye nabakhi bezakhiwo uVentura Rodríguez noJuan de Villanueva. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kweminyaka babuyiselwa ezindaweni zabo zokudabuka, okwathi okwesikhashana kwavalwa umqondo wokwakha unkulunkulu kazwelonke.

Indlovukazi u-Regent María Cristina, umfelokazi weNkosi u-Alfonso XII, wathatha lo mbono ngo-1890 futhi wanquma ukwaba ingxenye yendawo yesikhathi esizayo seBasilica of the Virgin of Atocha ngale njongo. Ukukhethwa kwale ndawo kungenxa yokuthi abantu abanjengoJosé de Palafox, uFrancisco Castaños, uManuel Gutiérrez de la Concha noma uJuan Prim bangcwatshwa lapho, ngoba babengabaqondisi bamabhalekisi e-Invalides avunyelwa engxenyeni yale ndawo ebiyelwe ngemuva ukuhamba kweSpain kwamasosha kaNapoleon.

Ngemuva kokuthi i-Pantheon of Illustrious Men iqediwe, ngo-1901 izinsalela zalabo okukhulunywe ngabo ngaphambili zadluliselwa kuyo kodwa, njengoba kwakuzokwenzeka nakwezombangazwe ezazingcwatshwe lapho eminyakeni eyalandela, abaningi baphinde badluliselwa kwezinye izindawo, ezazifunwa ngamadolobha abo umthombo.

Njengamanje izibalo ezinhle eziyishumi nantathu ezivela emlandweni wezepolitiki nowezempi waseSpain zihlala lapha emathuneni enziwe ababazi abadumile njengo-Agustín Querol noma uMariano Benilliure. Phakathi kwezinhlamvu esingazithola kukhona: URíos Rosas, Cánovas del Castillo, José de Canalejas, Palafox, Castaños, Prim noConcha, phakathi kwabanye.

IPantheon of Illustrious Men itholakala ku-3 Julián Gayarre Street eMadrid. Kuvulwa kusukela ngoLwesibili kuya ngoMgqibelo kusuka ngo-10 ekuseni. kuya ku-14 futhi kusukela ku-16h. ngo-18 ntambama. nangamaSonto nangamaholide kusuka ngo-10 ekuseni. ngo-15 ntambama.