Sizokhuluma nawe kulesi sihloko mayelana i-cathedral enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kodwa, ukuze ukwazi ukuqedela umhlahlandlela wakho wabavakashi wokuvakashela amathempeli amakhulu namangalisayo, sizophinde sisho ezinye zezakhiwo zenkolo ezilandela leyo ngosayizi. Nokho, into yokuqala okufanele siyenze ukuchaza umehluko phakathi kwe-cathedral ne-basilica. Ngokushesha uzoqonda ukuthi kungani.
Zombili ziyizakhiwo zenkolo ezithola lelo gama ku- Ubaba. Kepha, ngenkathi elesibili liyithempeli elinenani elikhulu lomlando kumaKristu (ngezinye izikhathi liwukwakhiwa kwamaRoma), isonto lombhishobhi kungenxa yokuthi liqokwe njengesihlalo sesifundabhishobhi, ngakho-ke, esobubhishobhi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, wonke ama-cathedrals anesihloko esithi ama-basilicas amancane, ngaphandle kwalokho kwe St. John Laterane amaRom, osekhulile. Futhi lokhu kubalulekile ngoba, ukuze sikutshele ngesonto lombhishobhi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, kufanele sihlukanise phakathi kwazo zombili izinhlobo zamathempeli. Okusho ukuthi, uma sikhuluma ngama-basilica, ingenye, kuyilapho, uma sikhuluma ngamasonto amakhulu, kungaba enye.
Peter's Basilica eVatican
UPeter Basilica kanye nethala likaBernini
Ngempela, isonto elidumile laseVatican liyisonto elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, elingenalo ngaphansi 20 square metres, futhi ukwakhiwa kwayo kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Yakhelwe ukuvala indawo endala ibandla lika constantine, lapho, isibonelo, UCharlemagne Wathweswa umqhele wokuba uMbusi Ongcwele WaseRoma. Futhi-ke, kulapho okukholelwa ukuthi wangcwatshwa khona San Pedro.
Ukuklama kwayo kubangelwa ikakhulukazi Michelangelo, nakuba abaculi abakhulu bangaleso sikhathi basebenza ekwakhiweni kwayo. Phakathi kwazo, Twine, Raphael Sanzio, kukuyo o Giacomo Della Porta, umfundi wokuqala. Phakathi kwabo bonke, bakha isakhiwo sesitayela se-Renaissance esingangabazeki, nakuba sihlanganisa izakhi ze-Baroque.
Ngokufanayo, bakha ithempeli ngobuhle bendawo nokubaluleka kwayo. Ilinganisa amamitha angaphezu kwamakhulu amabili ubude futhi icishe ibe yikhulu namashumi amathathu ukuphakama, okuzokunikeza umbono wobukhulu bayo. Kanjalo neqiniso lokuthi ngeyalokhu okuthiwa i-oda elikhulu, isitayela sezakhiwo esibonakala, ngokunembile, ngobukhulu baso. Isibonelo, amakholomu e-facade eyinhloko afinyelela izindaba ezingaphezu kwezimbili.
Ngokuqondile, bafaka umnyango kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi Ivulandi Lezibusiso ngoba yilapho uPapa emi khona ukubanika. Kulokhu kunomsebenzi omkhulu wokusizakala okukhulu Bounvicino futhi, ngaphezulu, i-pediment enkulu. Engxenyeni yalo engaphezulu kune-attic enamafasitela amakhulu ayisishiyagalombili phakathi kwama-pilaster. Futhi, ethweswe umqhele lesi sitezi, kukhona ithala elinezithombe ezinkulu eziyishumi nantathu ngaphezu kwamamitha amahlanu ukuphakama. Bamele uKristu, uJohane uMbhapathizi nabaphostoli abayishumi nanye. Akukho, ngokunembile, u-Saint Peter, umfanekiso wakhe ongu-Saint Paul, emnyango we-basilica. Ekugcineni, i-dome enkulu phezu kwe-ambulatory ithwesa imiqhele yethempeli. Inde kunawo wonke emhlabeni futhi inamamitha acishe abe yikhulu namashumi amathathu nesikhombisa futhi ikhazimula ngobukhosi bayo cishe cishe amashumi amane nambili ububanzi.
Ingaphakathi le-Saint Peter's Basilica
I-Baldachin yaseSan Pedro, ngaphakathi kwe-basilica enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni
Uzothola nombono wobukhulu baleli thempeli elihle uma sikutshela ukuthi linawo ama-altare angamashumi amane nanhlanu namathempeli ayishumi nanye ehlotshiswe ngemisebenzi yobuciko ebabazekayo. Iqukethe ama-nave amathathu ahlukaniswe izinsika ezinkulu. Ephakathi nendawo imbozwe umphongolo omkhulu futhi inephansi lemabula elizodonsa amehlo akho. Ngoba lihlanganisa izici zethempeli lasendulo. Isibonelo, i-red porphyry disk evela eGibhithe lapho uCharlemagne aguqa khona. Futhi kanye nama-mosaics amangalisayo ahlobisa ubuso.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, phakathi kwamakhothamo kunezithombe eziqoshiwe zobuhle futhi, ezinsikeni, ama-niches anezithombe zendlu yabangcwele abangamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalolunye abasungula. Ekugcineni, eduze komjikelezo we-nave kunombhalo oqoshiwe onezinhlamvu zamamitha amabili ukuphakama.
Mayelana ne-nave ye-Epistle, ngakwesokudla kwedlule, inezindlu zesonto eziningana. Eyokuqala igcina i- Ukuzinikela de Michelangelo futhi ilandelwa yileyo yaseSan Sebastián, ophahla lwaso luhlotshiswe ngamatshe aqoshiwe UPietro da Crotona nalapho ithuna likaJohn Paul II likhona. Kulandela imisebenzi eqoshiwe kukuyo kanye nendlu yokukhonzela yeSakramente eliNgcwele, enomnyango oklanywe ngu I-Borromini.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwethempeli kukhona i-nave yeVangeli, futhi enama-chapel amangalisayo. Phakathi kwazo, lowo woMbhabhadiso, umsebenzi ka UCarlo Fontana, leyo Yesethulo, lapho kungcwatshwe khona oNgcwele uPius X, noma leyo Yekhwaya, ne-altare Lokukhulelwa Okumsulwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngemva kokudlula endaweni edlula i-transept noma i-perpendicular nave lapho ama-altare e-San Wenceslao, i-San José ne-Santo Tomás ikhona, uzofika endaweni ye-ambulensi. Imifanekiso yabantu abakhulu beBandla ihlobisa lokhu futhi inama-altare amaningana. Phakathi kwazo, lezo zeNgelosi Enkulu uSaint Michael, kaSanta Petronila kanye neNavicella.
Ekugcineni, e-presbytery noma ingxenye eyandulela i-altare elikhulu, uzothola i- Usihlalo weSaint Peter, isihlalo sobukhosi esiyisikhumbuzo sikaBernini esihlanganisa lokho, ngokusho kwenganekwane, okwakuyisihlalo sobubhishobhi sikaSaint Peter. Futhi e-transept kukhona i-altare likapapa ngaphansi kwe- i-baldachin kaSanta Peter, nezinsika zalo ezenziwe ngethusi ubude balo ngamamitha angamashumi amathathu.
ISanta María de la Sede y de la Asunción de Sevilla, isonto elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni
I-Seville Cathedral, enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni
Manje, ngempela, sizokhuluma nawe mayelana nokuthi, empeleni, isonto lombhishobhi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Lona oseSeville, kumenyezelwe Amagugu Emhlaba futhi nge 11 square metres Of surface. Yakhiwa phakathi kwekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX phezu kwe-mosque endala, okuye kwalondolozwa izici zayo ezimbili eziphawuleka kakhulu.
Njengoba ungase ucabange, sikhuluma mayelana i-giralda, okwakuyi-minaret yayo, futhi engeyinhle kangako Igceke lezihlahla ezingamawolintshi. Ekwakhiweni kwe-cathedral basebenze okuthiwa UCarlin Master (UCharles Galter), umFulentshi owayesevele esebenza emasontweni amaGothic eFrance, Diego de Riano, UMartin de Gainza, Asensio de Maeda y Hernan Ruiz.
EseSeville nayo iyiGothic, nakuba inezingxenye zeRenaissance. Ikakhulukazi imayelana ne Indlu yasebukhosini, lo I-Sacristy Eyinhloko futhi i Isahluko House. Ngokwengxenye yayo, Tabernacle Church, ehlanganiswe ne-cathedral kanye nomsebenzi we Miguel de Zumarragakuyi-baroque.
Ohlangothini lwalo olungaphambili olusentshonalanga, ithempeli linezingosi ezintathu ezinhle. kwe kwe Ubhapathizo, kanye nemibhalo yayo egciniwe kanye nemibhalo elandelwayo, ithola lelo gama ngenxa yokuthi inesithombe esikhululekile esikhuluma ngoBhapathizo lukaKristu ku-tympanum. kwe umcabango, phakathi nendawo, yayihlotshisiwe, kakade ekhulwini le-XNUMX, ngemifanekiso yabaphostoli eyenziwe U-Ricardo Bellver. Ekugcineni, lokho kwe San Miguel Iqukethe ukumelwa kokuzalwa kukaKristu futhi inezithombe ezimbalwa ze-terracotta.
Ingaphakathi leCathedral yaseSeville
Ikhwaya emangalisayo yeKhathedrali yaseSeville
I-cathedral enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni isakazwa kuma-naves amahlanu ngaphandle kwe-apse noma i-ambulensi, okungenani ngomqondo oqinile. Ngoba isitshalo saso singunxande, sinezilinganiso ezingamamitha ayi-116 ubude no-76 ububanzi. I-central nave yinde kunezinye futhi ihlanganisa nezinye izakhiwo ezimbili: i choir, nezitho zayo ezinkulu, kanye ISahluko Esikhulu i-trellised Lesi sakamuva singesitayela seRenaissance futhi i-altare layo liyigugu lobuciko lapho ungabona khona ukuqoshwa kwezithombe. Virgin of the Headquarters eyabhalwa ngekhulu leshumi nantathu. Ngokunjalo, isithombe esiqoshiwe sikaKristu obethelwe esiphambanweni, okungesiGothic, siyagqama kuleli sonto.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-cathedral yaseSevillian inamanye ama-chapel amaningi. Phakathi kwabo futhi njengesibonelo, sizokhuluma ngegugu Alabaster Chapels, ezibizwa kanjalo ngoba zenziwe ngale nto futhi ngenxa Diego de Riano y UJuan Gil de Hontañón. Kepha futhi I-Chapel ye-Incarnationkwe Saint Gregorykwe San Pedro noma i I-Marshal's.
Esinye isici esizodonsa ukunaka kwakho kwe-cathedral enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ingilazi yayo enhle enamabala. Inezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, edalwe phakathi kwekhulu leshumi nane nelamashumi amabili. Ezinye zingenxa yabaculi abavelele njengazo I-Arno yaseFlanders, UHenry German o Vincent Menardo.
I-Cathedral Treasury
Izingcezu zoMgcinimafa weKhathedrali laseSeville
Ekugcineni, sizokutshela ngoMgcinimafa weKhathedrali, ongawubona embukisweni emakamelweni amaningana. Kuhlanganisa imidwebo eminingi, tapestries nezinsalela. Phakathi kweyangaphambili, kukhona imisebenzi yabaculi abavelele njenga Pacheco, I-Zurbarán, Murillo o Valdes Leal. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwazo zonke izingcezu zayo, ubuhle bayo Ukugcinwa kwe-Arfe, enemizimba emihlanu futhi ethweswe umqhele umfanekiso woKholo kanye nekhandlela lethusi noma ithenebrio ngaphezu kwamamitha ayisikhombisa ukuphakama.
Ngokunjalo, inezitsha ezingcwele, iziphambano zodwendwe, ama-reliquaries, izingubo zokukhulekela kanye nama-altare amancane. Ize ibe nezicucu ezihlobene nokunqotshwa kweSeville nge UFerdinand III eSanto. Phakathi kwalezi, inkemba yakhe, ibhanela lakhe nezihluthulelo zomuzi.
Sengiphetha, sikukhombisile i-cathedral enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kodwa futhi sikutshele nge-Basilica yaseSan Pedro, eyeqa ngosayizi. Futhi, ukuze siqedele, sifuna ukusho amanye amathempeli amakhulu obuKristu azokugqamisa ngosayizi nobuhle bawo. Sikhuluma ngokumangalisayo Burgos Cathedral, namamitha-skwele angu-12 276; kwe I-Basilica ye-Our Lady of Aparecida, esifundazweni saseSão Paulo (eBrazil), nabangu-12 000; kwe Cathedral of Saint John the Divinee ENew York, enamamitha-skwele angu-11 futhi edumile UDuomo yaseMilan, edlula amamitha-skwele ayi-11.