Kamakura, indawo eJapane

Kamakura kungenye yezinto ezijwayelekile ukuvakasha okungenziwa kusuka eTokyo, Inhlokodolobha yaseJapan. Ukube umhlaba ubungadluli kulolu bhubhane, u-2020 ubezoba unyaka ophakeme wezokuvakasha eJapan, ngama-Olimpiki nakho konke, ngakho-ke izwe elivakashelwe kakhulu.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokuvakasha ezilula ongazenza usuka eTokyo naseKamakura ingaphansi kwehora eningizimu yedolobha. Kusondele kakhulu futhi kunconywe kakhulu, ngoba ngaphezu kwalokho, abadumile UKamakura Buddha ubonani esithombeni.

Kamakura

Kuyinto a idolobha elisogwini okuyihora eliseningizimu ukusuka eTokyo. Ngesinye isikhathi kwakuyisikhungo sezepolitiki sezwe, emuva ngekhulu le-XNUMX, uhulumeni owathatha ikhulu leminyaka lonke ngaphansi kolawulo lwe-Minamoto shogun kanye nama-Hojo regents. Kamuva amandla adlulela edolobheni laseKyoto, lapho umlandeli wezepolitiki enquma ukuhlala lapho.

Namuhla kumane nje kube yi- idolobhana elithulile elinamathempeli amaningi, izikhumbuzo zomlando namathempeli. Futhi njengoba lusogwini, lunamabhishi avame ukuminyana kakhulu ehlobo. Ungaya kanjani eKamakura?

Ngesitimela kunezinketho ezintathu. Ungathatha Umugqa we-Odakyu okuyindlela eshibhile. Uthenga i-Enoshima Kamakura Free Pass futhi lokho kufaka phakathi uhambo lokuya nokubuya phakathi kweShinjuku eTokyo naseKamakura. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwe-Enoden, esinye isitimela kodwa esikagesi, ngama-yen ayi-1520 kuphela. Ngale ndlela yokuhamba kuthatha imizuzu engama-90 ukufika, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuthatha isikhathi esincane kufanele usebenzise ulayini we-JR.

I-JR ine- Umugqa weShonan Shinjuku, exhuma iShinjuku neKamakura ngehora elilodwa futhi ibiza ama-yen angama-940. Kunconywa ukuthi ulinde isitimela esiya eZushi, okuyiyona emisa esiteshini saseKamakura (ukusuka kabili ngehora), uma kungenjalo kufanele ushintshe esiteshini i-Ofuna. Omunye umugqa yi Umugqa kaJR Yokosuka ukuxhumanisa isiteshi saseTokyo neKamakura. Uhambo luthatha ngaphansi kwehora futhi lubiza ama-yen angama-940.

Indawo inamaphasi amabili: i I-Enoshima Kamakura Pass Pass, kuma-yen angu-1520, afaka phakathi uhambo lokuya nokubuya uShinjuku / Kamakura usebenzisa i-Enoden; kanye ne- I-Hakone Kamakura Pass, ngama-yen ayi-7000), evumela ukusetshenziswa kwe-Enoden ne-Odayu line, kepha nokuthuthwa kuzungeze iHakone ngezinsuku ezintathu ezilandelanayo.

Yini engiyivakashelayo eKamakura? Okuhehayo okuyinhloko eKamakura kusatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezintathu eziseduze neziteshi: eduze kwesiteshi saseKita Kamakura, Isiteshi seKamakura kanye neHase Station. Linjani idolobha elincane ngempela ungahamba ngezinyawo noma, ngokunye okuhle kakhulu, qasha ibhayisikili. Kukhona namabhasi namatekisi, uma ufuna ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu.

Ukuhambela kwethu kokuqala kuvuliwe UKamakura Buddha Omkhulu, Kamakura Daibutsu. Isithombe esenziwe ngethusi sika-Amida Buddha esisegcekeni lethempeli laseKotokuin. Simi cishe ngamamitha ayishumi nanye nengxenye ubude futhi siyisithombe sesibili sobhedu esiphakeme kunazo zonke ezweni lethu. Kusuka ku-1252 futhi ekuqaleni kwakungaphakathi kwehholo elikhulu elikhulu lethempeli, kepha indawo yahlaselwa izivunguvungu eziningana ngekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX ngakho-ke kamuva kwathathwa isinqumo sokuyibeka ngaphandle ngqo.

I-Great Buddha kaKamakura ingumzuzu wemizuzu eyi-10 noma ngaphansi ukusuka eHase Station, isiteshi sesithathu ku-Enoden Line kusuka eKamakura. I-Enoden Terminal Station ilungile eduze kwesiteshi iJR Kamakura futhi lesi sitimela esincane sikagesi sixhuma iKamakura ne-Enoshima neFujisawa. IBuddha yavalwa kwaze kwaba nguJuni ngenxa ye-coronavirus futhi namuhla ivulekile kepha amahora ayo anciphile: kusuka ngo-8 ekuseni kuya ku-5 ntambama. Ukungena kungama-yen angama-300 kuphela, ngaphansi nje kwe- $ 3.

El Ithempeli laseHokokuji incane, yinhle, futhi iqhelelene ngandlela thile. Iyingxenye yehlelo iRinzai leZen Buddhism futhi yasungulwa esikhathini sokuqala kukaMuromachi, okuyithempeli lomndeni wakwa-Ashikaga. Kubonakala njengoba sikhuphuka intaba, sidlula kuvulandi nensimu encane size sifinyelele ehholo elikhulu elakhiwa kabusha ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-1923 ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba eGreat Kanto ngo-XNUMX.

Isifanekiso esibaluleke kunazo zonke ethempelini ngesikaBuddha, kepha kukhona nombhoshongo omncane wensimbi nomcebo omkhulu kunayo yonke: into enhle encane ingadi yoqalo engemuva kwehholo elikhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-2000 zoqalo nezindlela eziwumngcingo zokuhamba phakathi, a indlu yetiye ukuphuza kuphi itiye le-matcha (itiye eliluhlaza), ucabanga ngalobu buhle. Kukhona neminye imigede ebonakala iphethe umlotha wamanye amakhosi emindeni yakwa-Ashikaga.

Ufika kanjani ethempelini leHokokuji? Ukuhamba usuka esitobhini sebhasi iJomyoji (lokhu kuthathwa esiteshini saseKamakura, imizuzu eyi-10 kuma-yen ayi-200). Ungathatha u-23, 24 noma u-36. Uma uthanda ukuhamba ngezinyawo, uzofika ngezinyawo phakathi nohhafu wehora noma ngaphezulu ngaphezulu usuka esiteshini sesitimela esifanayo. I-Bamboo Garden ivulwa ngo-9 ekuseni kuya ku-4 ntambama bese ivalwa kusukela ngoDisemba 29 kuya kuJanuwari 3. Kubiza ama-yen angama-300 futhi uma ufuna insizakalo yetiye ukhokha i-yen eyengeziwe engama-600.

Elinye ithempeli yi Ithempeli likaHase, okwehlelo iJodo futhi edume kakhulu ngokuphakama kwalo Isifanekiso esinekhanda eliyishumi nanye likaKannnon, unkulunkulukazi wesihe. Leli hholo licishe libe ngamamitha ayishumi ukuphakama futhi lesi sithombe senziwe ngokhuni oluqoshiwe, okungenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke eJapane. Inganekwane ithi lezi zinkuni ziyefana ezazisetshenziswa ukubaza umfanekiso kaKannon waseNara. Ithempeli linomnyuziyamu, okhokhela ukungena okwengeziwe, okugcina ezinye izithombe, imidwebo nokunye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kune-Amida-do Hall enesithombe segolide esingamamitha ayishumi sika-Amida Buddha.

Ithempeli, ngoba lisendaweni eseceleni kwegquma, line- ithala elihle lapho ukubukwa kwedolobha laseKamakura kukuhle khona. Kukhona nendawo yokudlela ongayithokozela ngokuthula kakhudlwana futhi uzobona, eduze kwezitebhisi ezikhuphuka zehle ngomthambeka, amakhulu ezithombe ezincane zikaJizo Bodhisattva, osiza imiphefumulo yezingane ukuthi ifinyelele epharadesi.

Ngaphansi kwesithambeka kukhona umnyango wethempeli, onezivande namachibi. IHasedera iqhele ngemizuzu emihlanu ukusuka eHase Station. Kuvulwa kusukela ngo-8 ekuseni kuye ku-5: 30 ntambama kuze kube ngu-5: 400 phakathi kuka-Okthoba noFebhuwari. Akuvalwa noma yiluphi usuku futhi ukungena kubiza ama-yen angu-XNUMX.

Ithempeli elibaluleke kakhulu eKamakura yiTsurugaoka Hachimangu. Yasungulwa ngo-1603 futhi inikezelwe kuHachiman, unkulunkulu ongumvikeli womndeni wakwaMinamoto kanye namaSamamu ngokujwayelekile. Ithempeli litholakala ngomgwaqo omude osuka ku-Kamakura boardwalk, unqamula lonke idolobha futhi uwele ngaphansi kwama-toris amaningana. Igumbi elikhulu lisethaweni phezulu ezitebhisini. Ngaphakathi kunemnyuziyamu enezinkemba, imibhalo, imaski ...

Ngakwesokudla kwesitebhisi, kuze kube ngu-2010, kwakukhona isihlahla se-ginko kwesinye isikhathi esasebenza njengendawo yokucasha ukuhlasela i-shogun. Yasendulo, igolide elihle ekwindla, ayizange isinde esivunguvungwini ngoMashi 2010 futhi yafa.

Ezansi kwezitebhisi kunesiteji lapho kuvame ukuba khona nezinhlelo zomculo nomdanso futhi ungabona enye indawo engcwele nezakhiwo ezisizayo eziseduze lapho. Futhi ungafika kuleli thempeli usuka esiteshini saseKamakura, kungaba ngebhasi noma ngezinyawo. Kungenwa mahhala.

Asikwazi ukuchaza inani lamathempeli anawo uKamakura kodwa singakwazi ukuwabiza ngamagama: iKenchoji, iZeniarai, i-Engakuji, iMeigetsuin, i-Ankokuronji, iJomyoji, iZuisenji, iMyohonji, iJochiji, iTokeiji neJufukuji. Zonke zinhle kodwa kuliqiniso ukuthi ngeke uzichithe ubona amathempeli, okwesithathu ziyafana zonke. Esikukhuthazayo vakashela i-Enoshima namabhishi ayo futhi wenze ezinye izintaba.

I-Enoshima isiqhingi esincane esiseduze neTokyo exhunywe ogwini ngebhuloho owela ngalo ngezinyawo. Lesi siqhingi sinendawo engcwele, umbhoshongo wokubuka, imihume nezingadi. Igquma elinezihlahla lingahlolwa ngezinyawo futhi uzobona izindawo ezingcwele eziningi ezinikezelwe kuBenten, unkulunkulukazi wenhlanhla, ezempilo nomculo.

Kukhona futhi i-aquarium namabhishi amahle, anamanzi afudumele, azolile kanye nenkalankala! Ukusuka eKamakura the Enoden kuthatha imizuzu engama-25, ukusuka eShinjuku futhi ungafika lapho futhi okufanayo kusuka esiteshini saseTokyo.

Ekugcineni, Uma uthanda ukuhamba ngezinyawo eKamakura kunemizila emithathu: iDaibutsu Tour, iTenen Tour neGionyama Tour, namuhla ivaliwe ngenxa yesiphepho sangonyaka odlule. Uma uya ngonyaka ozayo, zama ukubheka ukuthi yimaphi avulekile. Ziyindlela enhle, eluhlaza okweqa amagquma ahlanganisa amathempeli nezindawo ezingcwele. Ngokuvamile, azihlali ngaphezu kwengxenye yehora kuya kumizuzu engama-90, kepha azibekiwe ngakho-ke qaphela izicathulo nemvula.


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