IYurophu igcwele amasonto nezindela futhi amanye amahle kakhulu aseSpain. Kuyindaba ye- Isigodlo saseGuadalupe, Amagugu Emhlaba kusukela ngo-1993. Ihlanganisa izitayela ezehlukene, isendulo futhi iyagada ngomona isithombe seVirgin yaseGuadalupe eyiPatron Saint yase-Extremadura neNdlovukazi yase-Hispanidad.
Uyakuthanda ukuvakasha kwezenkolo? Ngabe uyathanda ukwazi zonke izakhiwo namathafa i-UNESCO ememezele izindawo ezingamagugu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi? Ngemuva kwalokho ungahlanganisa lezi ezimbili uthathe uhambo oluncane lokuya Extremadura ukwazi le ndawo enhle.
Isigodlo SaseGuadalupe
Igama lakhe eligcwele ngu I-Royal Monastery yaseSanta María de Guadalupe futhi itholakala emphakathini ozimele wase-Extremadura, esifundazweni saseCáceres (omunye walaba ababili abakha lo mphakathi). I-Extremadura izwe elinothile emlandweni futhi selinikeze abalingiswa abaziwayo baseMelika ikoloni: uHernán Cortés, uFrancisco Pizarro noPedro de Valdivia, abangabanqobi ababili bokuqala bombuso wama-Aztec nowe-Inca ngokulandelana kanti elesithathu, laseChile.
Indaba iya ngokuthi ngekhulu leshumi nane amaKrestu alwa nama-Arabhu futhi Ngempi yaseSalado, iNkosi u-Alfonso XI yayizinikele eNcasakazini yaseGuadalupe, intombi esivele ihlonishwa eyayitholwe eduze komfula wegama elifanayo kudala. Njengoba kujwayele ukwenzeka, wathi ukunqoba kwakhe empini kungenxa yokungenelela okuyisimangaliso kweNtombi, ngakho-ke wayala ukuthi kwakhiwe kabusha futhi kwandiswe i-hermitage eyayivele isebenza ukuze ikhulekelwe kakhulu.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi i-hermitage yaba yindawo yokuqala engcwele yeNcasakazi yaseGuadalupe kanye nokuthuthuka kwayo okwabe kuyisonto nesigodlo sezindela kuhlobene kakhulu nokubusa kuka-Alfonso XI waseCastile. Nguyena owayalela ukwelulwa kwesakhiwo sokuqala, esilula futhi esasenziwe amanxiwa, futhi futhi owayalela ukwakhiwa kwamahospital ukuze kuhlaliswe izihambeli ezanda ngokwengeziwe ezazize endaweni engcwele. Uphinde wanikela ngezindebe, wasungula ukuphathwa kobukhosi, futhi wacela ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo, uMbhishobhi waseToledo ashesha ukukwenza.
Ngakho-ke kwavela ukubaluleka komhlaba kweSanta María de Guadalupe nedolobha elizungezile lahlelwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi indawo engcwele yandiswa futhi yakhiwa njengendela yezindela ngakho-ke imigomo yezwe yathathelwa indawo yizindela. Ngakho-ke, isigodlo sezindela saba yingxenye yenethiwekhi ebanzi yezindela futhi yize abantu baseGuadalupe babengakuthandi nhlobo ukushintshwa kwezandla (empeleni imibhikisho nezidubedube zaqhubeka amakhulu eminyaka), kwakungekho ithuba lokushintsha inkambo yomlando.
Okokuqala isigodlo sasiphethe izindela zase-Hieronymite lokho kwahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amane nengxenye. Ngaleso sikhathi yafinyelela kumamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezingama-22, ngasikhathi sinye lapho ihlelo leNcasakazi yaseGuadalupe lasakazeka yonke indawo, kufakwe neCanaries naseMelika. Ukukhuluma nge-america Kwakukhona lapha lapho Amakhosi amaKatolika athola khona uColumbus zonke izikhathi ababonana ngazo ngaphambi kohambo lokuqala futhi empeleni lapha ngo-1496 amaNdiya aseMelika abhapathizwa balethwe njengezinceku.
Kwakuphakathi nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu le-XNUMX lapho lesi sigodlo saphela ukuba sezindela zamaHieronymite futhi saba yisifunda sezwe esincike ku-Archdiocese yaseToledo. Ngesikhathi seminyaka yokuchithwa wawela ekulahlweni nasencithakalweni futhi ngemuva nje kwalokho amaFranciscans eza azogada futhi awuqondise. Yibo abakha kabusha isigodlo. A) Yebo UPius XII umemezele ukuthi uyisonto futhi kwavakashelwa ngisho ngawo-80 nguJohn Paul II.
Vakashela Isigodlo Sezindela saseGuadalupe
Isakhiwo siyesabeka. Into yokuqala oyibonayo yisikwele esibanzi esinomthombo enkabeni ogcina ifonti yokubhapathiza yesonto. Ekupheleni kwezitebhisi kuneminyango emikhulu. I-façade, kusuka ku-1460, inqamula imibhoshongo emibili emikhulu yekhulu le-XNUMX futhi kungabonakala ukuthi isakhiwo sakhiwe ngezindlela ezine, zonke zinemengamo, nokuthi ezimbili zazo zingena ngaphakathi kwesonto kanti ezinye ezimbili nikeza ukukhanya ngaphakathi. Kukhona nefasitela elihle lama-rose futhi ihhovisi lamathikithi lokukhokha ukungena noma isitolo sezikhumbuzo siseNtshonalanga lapho kulapho kungene khona ukuncika kwezindela.
I-facade isesitayeleni seGothic futhi ithathe indawo yangaphambilini. Ngesikhathi salokhu kwakhiwa kabusha, isikhala esime njengonxande sakhiwa, okuyinto yokuqala oyibonayo lapho ungena esontweni futhi eyakha indlu yesonto yaseSanta Ana ithuna likaDon Alfonso de Velasco nomkakhe, uNkk Isabel de Quadros. Ngaphezu kwaleli thuna kukhona ifonti yensimbi eguqulwe yaba ifonti yokubhabhadisa eyayisukela ku-1402 futhi eyathuthelwa kule ndawo ngekhulu le-XNUMX kusukela endaweni yangasese yangasese.
Isonto ngokwalo liyisakhiwo samathathu amathathu nesikwaya esikhulu. Ngaphezulu kwama-naves kunophahla oluyindilinga, olunama-terceletes enkabeni enkulu futhi lubamboze ezindlekeni ezisemaceleni. Idome linikeza ukukhanya okuningi kwemvelo kanjalo namawindi amabili ama-rose, elinye ohlangothini ngalunye lwe-transept. Isonto elikhulu lihlukaniswe nama-naves nge-grille enhle esukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-1609. Ngokwengxenye yalo, i-Altar Ephakeme ine-altarpiece enhle kusuka ku-XNUMX naku- kukaputeni kunamathuna ka-Enrique IV nonina uMaría de Aragón.
Ngemuva kokuvakashelwa ngaphakathi esigodlweni ungathola ulwazi lwe- Umphathi Wezimangaliso, isikwele esinemengamo yamahhashi kanye nengadi. Kukhona indlu yangasese ngaphakathi kwethempeli, lapho uzobona khona i-ciborium yethusi lapho amanzi egeleza khona, nawo awela emgodini o-octagonal. Imidwebo phansi ilandisa ngempilo yeVirgin yaseGuadalupe futhi kunezithombe ezibaziweyo ezineziteshi zaseCalvary. Yilapho futhi lapho izitebhisi ezindala ziholela ekhwayeni.
Inhliziyo yesonto yithempeli, inesikwele ngaphandle futhi inamacala ayisithupha ngaphakathi, izitezi ezintathu eziphakeme futhi ngezitezi ezimbili ezingenhla zihlotshiswe ngamathayili amahle. Ngaphakathi esigodlweni sezindela kuneminyuziyamu ethakazelisa kakhulu: ICantorales Museum, nemiqulu yayo yasendulo, i- Museum of ebaziwe kanye nemidwebo futhi i Museum of imihlobiso engcwele. Ngesikhathi sokuvakasha, abathembekile, i-sacristy, i igumbi lokugqoka leVirgin futhi i Intombi yakwaGuadalupe uqobo (ngokhuni lwe-polychrome).
Ukuqeda, ngikushiya ifayili le- Izikhathi zeMisa: phakathi nezinsuku uquqaba lungo-12 emini nango-20 ntambama. NgeSonto ngo-11 no-12 bese kuba u-13 no-20 amahora; Futhi ngiyakutshela nokuthi ungahlala ubusuku obubodwa ngoba nehhotela lisebenza lapha, i- Ihhotela Hospedería Monasterio de Guadalupe, isigaba sezinkanyezi ezimbili namakamelo angama-47 engxenyeni endala ye-gothic cloister.