La Ikholomu likaTrajan noma Ikholomu likaTrajan, ebizwa ngeColonna Traiana ngesiNtaliyane, itholakala edolobheni laseRome futhi ingesinye sezikhumbuzo ezibalulekile ekuvakasheleni leli dolobha. Le kholamu iheha ukunakwa okuningi ngamamitha ayo angama-30 ukuphakama futhi ngoba yonke iqoshwe ngezigcawu ezihlobene nomlando wamaRoma.
Ukulondolozwa kwayo okuhle kuyamangaza uma kubhekwa ukuthi yaqala ngonyaka ka-113. Njengoba ingenye ye- izikhumbuzo ezivakashelwe kakhulu edolobheni laseRomaSizobona yonke imininingwane ongasinika yona. Akungabazeki ukuthi ucezu lomlando futhi zonke izimfihlo zalo kufanele ziqondwe kahle ukuze zilwazise ngobuhle balo.
Umlando wekholomu
Le kholamu ibiyi- igunya lika-Emperor Trajan, yingakho igama layo. Itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho yeForamu YamaRoma futhi inokuphakama kwamamitha angama-30 kanye namamitha ayisishiyagalombili esihlalo sayo. Yakhiwe ngemabula eyigugu iCarrara, enamabhulokhi angafika kumamitha amane. I-frieze iyonke inobude bamamitha ayi-200 futhi ijikisa ikholamu izikhathi ezingama-23 isiyonke. Ngaphakathi kunesitebhisi esivunguza esiholela phezulu, lapho kukhona khona umbono. Phezulu kwakunesithombe sika-Emperor Trajan okwathi kamuva sathathelwa indawo isithombe sikaSanta Peter.
Le kholamu yenzelwe izinhloso ezimbalwa. Omunye wabo wayenjalo khombisa ukuphakama kwentaba eyayicekelwe phansi futhi yasuswa dengwane ukuze yakhe iForamu yamaRoma. Okunye bekuwukufaka umlotha wombusi futhi owokugcina bekuwukukhumbula ukunqotshwa kweDacia nguTrajan, ngaleyo ngqayi eqoshwe emabula.
Umbhalo wekholomu
Kwikholamu ungabona ifayela le- umbhalo onentshisekelo kuwo ngokuba yisibonelo sokubhalwa kwe-quadrata yamaRoma. Lolu hlobo lokubhala lusebenzisa ubujamo bejometri njengesikwele noma unxantathu. Embhalweni wesiLatini kusho okuthile okufana nalokhu: 'Isenethi kanye nabantu baseRoma, kumbusi uCésar Nerva Trajan Augustus Germanic Dácico, indodana kaNerva waphezulu, upapa omkhulu, induna okweshumi nesikhombisa, umshushisi okwesithupha, ummeli okwesithupha, ubaba wezwe, khombisa ukuphakama abafinyelele khona entabeni nendawo esichithwe manje ngemisebenzi enjengale. ' Yaziwa ngale ndlela le nhloso yokukhombisa ukuphakama kwentaba lapho ikholomu ikhona nokuthi ikhunjulwa ngubani.
Izinsizakusebenza zekholomu
Ingxenye ethakazelisa kakhulu yeKholomu kaTrajan ngokungangabazeki iyizisetshenziswa zayo ezingaphansi. Ngemuva kwale ndaba ekhulunywa etsheni ngumsebenzi we UMbusi uTrajan wokunqoba iDacia, namuhla kungaba yini iRomania neMoldova. UMbusi walwa izimpi kusuka ku-101 kuya ku-106 ukunqoba le ndawo, waqasha izinkulungwane zamasosha ngale njongo. Ukunqoba kweDacia kwaletha nempahla enkulu yegolide, okwenzelwe imisebenzi emihle, njengale kholamu noma inkundla enkulu. Ikholamu ibusa leso sithangami futhi kuyo ungabona yonke indaba elandiswa amaRoma ngokunqotshwa kweDacia. Ezigcawini ezingama-55 ezahlukahlukene kungenzeka ubone ngokuningiliziwe amaDacian namaRoma elwa, exoxa noma efa empini. Lezi zinsizakusebenza zifundwe yizazi-mlando ukuqonda kangcono imininingwane yezingubo zabaseRoma, izikhali zabo kanye namaqhinga empi. Eziningi zalezi zinsizakusebenza zigqokile futhi kunzima ukuhlukanisa imininingwane, kepha iminyaka eyi-1.900 XNUMX ikholomu ebimile kumele ibhekwe, ngakho-ke ukulondolozwa kwayo namandla kuyancomeka.
Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi le kholomu ihehe ukubukeka kanye nelukuluku lalabo abafuna ukwazi kabanzi ngoMbuso WaseRoma. Abaculi abaningi behlise obhasikidi phezulu ukuze babone okuseduze basondele futhi bakutadishe. Izindaba ezimnandi ukuthi kufayela le- Ikhulu le-XNUMX kwakukhona abaningi ababenquma ukwenza okufana nalokho ngofaka ukhonkolo nemininingwane, ukuze namuhla izingcezu ezinqotshwe ukudlula kweminyaka kanye nokungcola kwemvelo zigcinwe.
Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi abaculi babengenzi ngokukhululeka emisebenzini yabo, kepha bathola amakhomishini achazwe kahle okudumisa amaklayenti athile, njengo-Emperor Trajan uqobo. Kungakho lo mbono womlando kukholamu kufanele ubhekwe, njengoba wenziwa ngokubuka kombusi waseRoma. Ngokuqondile, yena ibonakala njenge-protagonist ezigcawini ezingama-58, lapho kwakhonjiswa khona izici ezahlukahlukene, kusukela enkosini ezithandayo kuya endodeni enesiko ngokubonisana nabeluleki bayo. Wayengafuni nje kuphela isithombe sikaTrajan empini, kepha umbusi wayefuna ukukhunjulwa njengokunye okunye, yingakho zonke lezo zindawo ezisohlwini. Kodwa-ke, ukutolika emsebenzini kuhluka kakhulu, ngoba ezinye izazi-mlando zigcina ukuthi zenziwe ngabasebenzi endizeni, ngenxa yokwehluka kwesitayela. Noma kunjalo, sisathatheka ngomsebenzi wakudala onemininingwane eminingi kangaka.