Yini ongayibona ku-ilavila ngosuku olulodwa

Izindonga zangeNkathi Ephakathi ze-lemvila ziyisibonakaliso saleli dolobha eseliphila isikhathi eside iCastilian-Leonese. ESpain, iningi labo lakhuliswa ngezinsuku zeReconquest, lapho kwakudingeka ukuvikela ekuhlaselweni yizitha futhi uma sekuphothuliwe, ukuhamba kwesikhathi nemicimbi kwabangela abaningi ukuba bawele emanxiweni kanti abanye, ngenhlanhla, bakwazi ukuba igcinwe futhi yaba yindawo yokuheha izivakashi namuhla.

Kodwa-ke, i-ilavila ingaphezulu kakhulu kwezindonga zayo. Isonto lombhishobhi, iRoyal Monastery yaseSanto Tomás, iMnyuziyamu yaseSanta Teresa, isonto laseSan Pedro ... Leli dolobha elitholakala ihora nesigamu ukusuka eMadrid likulungele ukuphunyuka futhi lifake umlando namasiko. I-Unesco yamenyezelwa njengeGugu Lomhlaba ngo-1985. Okulandelayo sithatha uhambo lokuthola ukuthi sizobona ini e-Ávila ngosuku olulodwa ngesikhathi sokubaleka okufushane kakhulu.

Njengezindonga zalo, izimpande zaleli dolobha zisekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, ngesikhathi seReconquest. Kodwa-ke, ukuchuma kwayo kwahlala ngekhulu le-XNUMX lapho uSanta Teresa kaJesu eyiphendula indawo engaqondakali futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ngokomoya eSpain. Masihambe, igxathu negxathu, sazi amanye amakhona abaluleke kakhulu e-Avila.

Izindonga

Isimo lapho izindonga ze-ilavila zakhiwe khona ngenkathi ephakathi futhi ukubukeka kwayo kuhlala kungashintshiwe kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Banomjikelezo wamakhilomitha angaba ngu-2,5 onemibhoshongo engaphezulu kwamashumi ayisishiyagalombili eyakhiwe ngamasentimitha namasango ayisi-80 amakhulu, kufaka phakathi i-arched El Alcázar, empumalanga.

Ukubabamba kusuka ngezansi kungumuzwa omangalisayo kepha kungenzeka futhi ukubheka umkhathizwe ongaphezulu kwabo futhi uzizwe njengeqhawe lasendulo, ngoba kunezigaba ezinde ezingambozwa ngezinyawo.

Asazi imininingwane yokwakhiwa kwayo mayelana nezindonga ze-ilavila, futhi asazi namagama abantu ababambe iqhaza kuyo, yize kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi amaKrestu noMudejars basebenza.

Izindonga zisesimweni esihle sokongiwa kwemvelo, kepha ngenxa yalokhu, imisebenzi enhlobonhlobo yokulungisa izinto yayidingeka, eyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile kusukela ekwakhiweni kwayo nasezikhathini zamuva nje ukwenza ukusetshenziswa kwabavakashi kwenzeke. Izindonga ze-Avila zingafinyelelwa ngamaphuzu amathathu ahlukene: eyokuqala yiCasa de las Carnicería (eduze kwe-apse ye-cathedral), eyesibili yiPuerta del Alcázar kanti eyesithathu yiPuerta del Puente (isigaba esifinyelelekayo) esincedisayo omunye nomunye ngephuzu lokuqala lesine ePuerta del Carmen.

Ukufinyelela ezindongeni ze-ilavila kunentengo yama-euro angama-5 ukwamukelwa okujwayelekile kanye nama-euro angama-3,5 ezingane. Kodwa-ke, ukuvakasha kumahhala ngoLwesibili.

I-Avila Cathedral

Kubhekwa njengesonto lokuqala lesonto lamaGoth eSpain, elalakhiwe ezinsaleleni zethempeli langaphambilini elalilandela isitayela senqaba yethempeli, i-apse yalo ingenye yezingcezu zodonga lomuzi.

Iqale ukukhuphuka ngesitayela se-Romanesque cishe ngekhulu le-XNUMXth kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yaba isitayela se-Gothic, sagcina senziwe cishe ngekhulu le-XNUMX. I-Avila Cathedral inecebo lesiphambano lesiLatin elenziwe ama-naves amathathu, i-transept kanye ne-chevet eyindilinga enamasonto phakathi kwama-buttresses.

Ngaphakathi kukhona isiqeshana esihlaba umxhwele esenziwe nguVasco de la Zarza ealtare lesonto elikhulu elinemidwebo kaJuan de Borgoña noPedro de Berruguete enezigcawu ezivela empilweni kaKristu. I-sacristy ne-cloister kungokwekhulu le-XNUMX futhi basesitayeleni se-Gothic.

Ealtare lesonto eliyinhloko kukhona uqweqwe oluhle kakhulu olwenziwe uVasco de la Zarza ngemidwebo kaPedro Berruguete noJuan de Borgoña enezigcawu ezivela empilweni kaJesu. I-cloister kanye ne-sacristy isesitayeleni seGothic sekhulu le-XNUMX.

Kwamenyezelwa ukuthi yi-Historic-Artistic Monument ngo-Okthoba 1914. Ukuyivakashela, intengo yokwamukelwa okujwayelekile ngama-euro ayisithupha, ethathe umhlalaphansi ama-euro ayisi-6 futhi yehlise ama-euro angu-5,50.

Isonto laseSan Vicente

Yithempeli lamaKhatholika elibaluleke kunazo zonke ngemuva kweCathedral yase-ilavila futhi elikhulu kunawo wonke ngesitayela samaRoma edolobheni. Ngokwesiko, leli sonto lakhiwa endaweni lapho izidumbu zabafel 'ukholo bobuKhristu zabekwa khona ngesikhathi sikaDiocletian.

Kuyisibonelo esihle se-Romanesque e-ilavila ukuthi ngokulingana kwayo ngokucophelela nethonya langaphandle yisibonelo esiyingqayizivele sobuciko beSpanishi ngale ndlela. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqala ngekhulu le-XNUMX futhi kwaphela ngekhulu le-XNUMX. I-Basilica yaseSan Vicente inecebo lesiphambano lesiLatini elinama-naves amathathu anezigaba eziyisithupha nengalo ethe nse. Futhi kunesici esikhethekile sokuba nomdonsiswano wamaGoth ezinhlangothini eziseceleni.

Isifanekiso esihle kakhulu sika-Ávila Romanesque yizinhloko-dolobha ezibhalwe phansi zesonto elikhulu, ingosi esentshonalanga kanye ne-cenotaph yabangcwele lapho kuhlobene khona ukufela ukholo kwabangcwele uVicente, uCristeta noSabina. Igalari esezingeni eliphezulu ye-Basilica of San Vicente yakhiwa ngekhulu le-XNUMX.

Ukwamukelwa okujwayelekile eBasilica yaseSan Vicente kungama-2,30 euros ngenkathi okuncishisiwe kungama-euro ama-2. Ukuvakasha kumahhala ngeSonto.

IConvent neMnyuziyamu yaseSanta Teresa

Idolobha lase-ilavila nesithombe sikaSanta Teresa de Jesús kuyahambisana. Le ndela nomlobi waseSpain wekhulu le-XNUMX uthathwa njengomunye wabafundisi abakhulu bezimfihlakalo zobuKristu. Isonto elenza ukuhlangana nesigodlo saseKarmeli, umyalo owasungulwa ngusanta, simi lapho azalelwa khona. Ngezansi kunomnyuziyamu wamanje waseTeresian, okuwukuphela kwawo emhlabeni wokufunda ngempilo yakhe, ngomsebenzi nangemilayezo yakhe.

Okunamathiselwe esontweni lesi sigodlo sakhiwa. Ukusuka ethempelini singacabanga ngocwecwe lwayo olungenangqondo nangaphakathi okujwayelekile kwesitayela saseKarmeli. Ngaphakathi sithola imisebenzi kaGregorio Fernández omkhulu njengoKristu oboshwe kukholamu. Mayelana nesigodlo, njengamanje indawo yokuhlala umphakathi wamaCarmelites akhethiwe kanye nehostela lezihambeli.

IHholo Lasedolobheni kanye nesikwele iMercado Chico

Isikwele iMercado Chico yisikwele esikhulu se-ilavila, isikhungo sezinzwa sedolobha. Kuyo singathola iTown Hall kanye nesonto laseSan Juan Bautista. Umsuka wesikwele wahlehlela emuva ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX lapho u-ilavila eqala ukuphinda azalise abantu ngenkathi kutholakala izimpande zeHholo LaseDolobheni ngezikhathi zamaKhosi amaKhatholika., owayalela ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokubambela imihlangano yoMkhandlu, eyaqhubeka kuze kube yileso sikhathi emnyango wesonto laseSan Juan, nayo yahlanganiswa nesikwele.

Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX, isikwele iMercado Chico neTown Hall kwakusesimeni esonakele, ngakho-ke uMkhandlu waqala iphrojekthi yokubuyisela ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwawo, okwenza kube nesikwele esijwayelekile esinamakhothadi. Maphakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX leminyaka, iHholo LeDolobha lamanje lakhiwa ngokulandela isitayela sokwakha sase-Elizabethan.

Insimu yeSepharad

Ukuba khona komphakathi wamaJuda e-Avila kubuyela emuva ngekhulu le-XNUMX nabahlali bokuqala, namaKrestu namaSulumane. U-ilavila wayegxile empilweni yezengqondo nengokomoya, lapho kwakhula khona isikole esibalulekile seTalmudic. Eminyakeni eyedlule ngaphambi kokuxoshwa, ngaphansi kokubusa kwamakhosi amaKhatholika, i-aljama yase-Avila yayinkulu kunawo wonke embusweni waseCastile kanti amasinagoge amaningi abelana ngendawo yasemadolobheni namathempeli ezinye izinkolo.

Ezinkundleni ezazisemuva kweConvent of the Incarnation, kwatholakala inani elikhulu lezakhiwo zemingcwabo yamaJuda ngonyaka we-2012 ngenxa yemisebenzi, abangcwaba abafileyo babo kule ndawo phakathi kwekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX.

INsimu kaSefarad iwukuhlonipha ubukhona beSephardim eSpain yangenkathi ephakathi. Maphakathi nalezi zivande kunendunduma yokungcwaba lapho kwafakwa khona izinsalela ezikhishwe emathuneni ambiwe. Isikhala sangaphandle sokubonisa nokujabulela isimo sezulu esihle.

Lezi ngezinye zezindawo ongazibona e-Avila ngosuku olulodwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuvakasha okuningiliziwe kuzosivumela ukuthi sazi umphefumulo waleli dolobha laseCastilian-Leonese, yize lezi zindawo eziyisithupha ziyindlela enhle yokuqala. Uma unesikhathi esisele, ungaya eRoyal Monastery yaseSanto Tomás, iSerano Palace, iBracamonte Palace, iTorreón de los Guzmanes noma iHumilladero Hermitage, phakathi kwezinye izindawo eziningi zezimpawu e-Avila.