owakha udonga lwaseChina

Udonga lwaseChina

Esinye sezimanga zomlando wethu yi Udonga olukhulu lwechina. Kuyisibonelo salokho okungenziwa ubuhlakani nokukhuthazela komuntu, futhi uma uya ohambweni oluya eShayina, kungenye yengcebo ongeke uyiphuthe.

Kodwa, ngubani owakha udonga lwaseChina? Nini futhi ngani?

Udonga olukhulu lwechina

udonga lwamaShayina

Ngaphezu kodonga olulodwa, i-Great Wall of China Kuwuchungechunge lwezivikelo ezazakhiwe ngasemingceleni esenyakatho yeChina lasendulo ukuze zizivikele emaqenjini ahambahambayo avela emathafeni ase-Eurasia.

AmaShayina ayesevele akha izindonga nezinqaba ukuze avikele izindawo zawo, ehlala ecabanga ngamabutho noma amaqembu ahlome ngezinkemba neminsalo, ngakho lezo zindonga ezindala zazakhiwe ngamatshe nomhlabathi. Ngaleso sikhathi I-China yahlukaniswa yaba yizifunda ezahlukene ezazilwa zodwa nokuthi kwenzeka kanjani kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba kuhlale kunomnqobi futhi ukuhlanganisa, futhi endabeni yaseChina umbusi wokuqala kwakungowobukhosi bakwaQin ngo-221 BC

Wayala ukuba zonke lezo zivikelo zibhujiswe, njengoba umqondo wawuwukuba nezwe elibumbene, kodwa igcinwe futhi yayala ukuba kwakhiwe okwengeziwe enyakatho, ngoba lapho kwavela ingozi yangaphandle. Ukuthuthwa kwezinto zokwakha kwakungelula, ngakho izisebenzi zazihlale zizama ukubamba impahla e-situ. Alukho ulwazi olusindile kuze kube yilolu suku ngobude obuqondile balezi zakhiwo zokuzivikela, kodwa bekungeyona into yonyaka noma izinsuku, kodwa amakhulu eminyaka emisebenzi yaphakade.

Udonga lwaseChina

Ukwakhiwa akuzange kugcinwe ngaphakathi kukahulumeni we-Qin Dynasty kodwa kunalokho waqhubeka futhi ababusi bobukhosi bakwaHan noSui baqhubeka nemisebenzi. Amanye ama-dynasties afana ne-Tang noma iNgoma awazange anikezele okuningi, kodwa amanye amakhosi ama-feudal enza, ngokwezimo zabo ezithile, ngakho-ke sibona izindonga ngisho nase-Inner Mongolia.

bekufanele ifike I-Ming Dynasty, ngekhulu le-XNUMX, ukuze umqondo wodonga olukhulu nolubanzi oluvikelayo uphinde uthole amandla. AmaMongol acathama futhi kwakunzima ukubalawula kanjalo izindonga zaphinde zavuka ezindaweni ezisenyakatho futhi yalandela iphrofayili ye-Ordos Desert, elawulwa amaMongol. Kodwa lezi zindonga ayehlukene, anamandla futhi anemininingwane eyengeziwe ngoba kwakusetshenziswa izitini namatshe esikhundleni somhlaba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwavela imibhoshongo engaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-25, kodwa kusukela amaMongol kwakunzima kakhulu ukulawula udonga lwaluhlala lunakekelwa, lwakhiwa kabusha, luqiniswa. Ngokwesibonelo, izingxenye eziseduze nenhloko-dolobha, iBeijing, ziphakathi kweziqine kakhulu. Umbusi ngamunye waba nesabelo sakhe futhi ngenxa yalokho, amaMing kwakudingeka abhekane hhayi namaMongol kodwa Ukuhlasela kweManchu ngekhulu le-XNUMX.

Udonga lwaseChina

Kodwa uma kukhona okwaziyo ngomlando wamaShayina, iManchus kumele izwakale ijwayelekile kuwe, ngakho yebo, ngolunye usuku oluhle abahlaseli bakwazi ukuwela uDonga Olukhulu lwaseShayina futhi. I-Beijing yawa ngonyaka we-1644.  Kwasayinwa umfelandawonye kodwa ekugcineni iManchus yaqeda ubukhosi bakwaShun futhi okwakusele kweMing kanye wahlanganisa i-Qing Dynasty kulo lonke elaseChina. Ngaphansi kwalolu bukhosi, i-China yakhula futhi yakhanya, iMongolia yahlanganiswa nezindawo zayo, ngakho-ke ukugcinwa kwe-Great Wall yaseChina kwakungasadingeki.

I-China iyizwe elizimele, amaShayina awakaze akhathalele kakhulu umhlaba wonke ngaphandle kwezohwebo. Ngakho, abeLungu babengakaze bezwe okuningi ngesimangaliso soDonga Olukhulu noma uma bezwile, babengasibonanga. Ngisho noMarco Polo. Kodwa-ke, akunandaba ukuthi iChina ifunani, kodwa iYurophu ehahayo, ngakho ekugcineni amaShayina kwadingeka avule izwe lawo (ngemuva kwezimpi ezimbili ze-Opium ngokumelene neGreat Britain neFrance), futhi lapho, yebo, i-Great Wall yayiyi-Great Wall. umlingiswa oyinhloko.

Ngamafuphi, kungashiwo lokho Udonga Olukhulu LwaseShayina empeleni lwakhiwe izingxenye eziningana ezakhiwe amakhosi ahlukahlukene ahlanganisa izindonga, imibhoshongo, amarampu, izakhiwo ngazinye, nezitebhisi. Ngakho, kuthiwa kunezindonga ezimbili ezihluke ngokusobala: i-Han Great Wall kanye ne-Ming Great Wall, izingxenye zazo ezisaqhubeka nokutholakala.

Udonga lwaseChina

Uma uya eChina isigaba esiseduze neBeijing sithandwa kakhulu futhi isesimweni esingcono. Eqinisweni, ungafika lapho nge-metro. Kamuva, njengoba ungena ujula kuleli zwe, ungabona izingxenye ezindala, ezinganakekelwa kangako, eziyincithakalo, ezidliwa uhlaza, futhi kukhona nezinye izingxenye ezicekeleke phansi. U-22% wodonga lwe-Ming, isibonelo, ulahlekile unomphela, kuyilapho kulinganiselwa ukuthi amakhilomitha amaningi esifundazwe saseGansu azolahleka esikhathini esizayo ngenxa yokuguguleka.

Vakashela i-Great Wall of China

Udonga lwamaShayina 7

Ngakho-ke, kuyasicacela ukuthi i-Great Wall ayilona udonga olulodwa futhi olubanzi kodwa izingxenye ezahlukene zokwakha. Isabalale ezifundazweni ezingu-16, emadolobheni nasezifundeni ezizimele njenge-Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Gansu, Liaoning, Beijing, Ningxia, Tianjin nezinye izindawo eziningi.

Uma sicabangela ke indawo, indawo, ezokuthutha kanye nezindawo izivakashi singasho lokho kunezigaba eziyisikhombisa ze-Great Wall of China ezidume kakhulu ukuzivakashela:

  • UMutianyu: Yingxenye ebuyiselwe, enezindawo ezinhle, akunzima kangako ukuhamba, enabantu abambalwa. Inekhebula lemoto futhi iqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-74 ukusuka enkabeni.
  • jianshanling: ingxenye yasendle, ingxenye ibuyiselwe. Izindawo ezinhle, okunzima kancane ukuhamba, nabantu abambalwa, abanemoto yekhebula kanye ne-154 km ukusuka edolobheni.
  • Simatai: Kuyindawo yasendle, engenazo izivakashi, amakhilomitha angu-140 ukusuka enkabeni.
  • UJiankou: Isendle, iqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-72 ukusuka enkabeni, ayinawo umzila wezintambo.
  • huanghuacheng: uhhafu ubuyiselwe/uhhafu rough. Iqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-80 ukusuka enkabeni, ayinawo umzila wezintambo.
  • Gubeiko: indle impela, ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa okubonakalayo. Izindawo ezinhle, eziqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-144 ukusuka enkabeni, ngaphandle komzila wezintambo.
  • juyongguan: lesi sigaba sibuyiselwe, kuhlala kunezivakashi. Iqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-56 ukusuka enkabeni kanti inemoto yamakhebula.
  • i-badaling: Ibuyiselwe, ihlale iminyene kakhulu, amakhilomitha angama-75 ukusuka enkabeni. Nge-cableway.

Uma uhamba nezingane, ngokwemibandela evamile, isigaba esihle kakhulu yi-Mutianyu. Ukuhamba kuhle, kodwa uma uzimisele ngokuhamba ungakhetha izingxenye ezimbalwa zodonga e-Jinshaling, Simatai naseGubebou. Ngikhuluma ngokuhamba kosuku olulodwa noma ezimbili. Futhi uma usuvele wazi okuthile nge-Great Wall, kahle-hle, isigaba e-Huanghuacheng siyathandeka kakhulu, sinengxenye ebheka phezu kwechibi, isibonelo.

Ekugcineni, esinye isici sokuthi yiziphi izingxenye ze-Great Wall of China okufanele zivakashele:

  • Okubuyiselwe okungcono kakhulu: Mutianyu
  • Okuhle kakhulu: Jinshanling.
  • Okubi kunabo bonke: Jiankou

Futhi alandelwa nguSimatai, uHuanghuacheng, uGubeiko, uJuyongguan, uHuangyaguan, uShanhaiguan kanye nodume kakhulu kunabo bonke, i-Badaling.


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