Imvamisa kwaziwa njengesimangaliso sesishiyagalombili somhlaba wasendulo, IPetra ingcebo eyigugu kakhulu eJordani nokuheha kwayo izivakashi okubaluleke kakhulu. Udumo lwayo lufanelwe kahle futhi akukho okusilungiselela le ndawo eshaqisayo. Kumele kubonakale kukholwa.
Idolobha elibabazekayo lasePetra lakhiwa ngamaNabataea cishe ngekhulu lesi-2.000 BC, owemba amathempeli, amathuna, izigodlo, izitebele nokunye okwakhiwe emaweni amatshe amatshe abomvu. Laba bantu bahlala kule ndawo eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-XNUMX XNUMX eyedlule base beyiphendula yaba idolobha elibalulekile lokudlula elixhumanisa imizila kasilika, leyo yezinongo neminye exhumanisa iChina, India kanye naseningizimu ye-Arabia neGibhithe. ISyria, iGrisi neRoma.
Ukutholwa kwePetra
Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka kwakuyimfihlakalo. Izakhamizi zendawo zasogwadule lwaseJordania zahaqa idolobha lasenganekwaneni lamaNabataea ngezinganekwane, mhlawumbe ukulondoloza imizila yabo yamakharaveni nokuthi akekho noyedwa ongalokotha aye lapho. Eqinisweni, owokuqala waseYurophu owayekwazi ukungena kule mizila futhi afinyelele ePetra kwakudingeka azenze isheikh ukuze abone le ndawo yasendulo, njengoba abezizwe benqatshelwe ukuzula kulezi zindawo.
Ngale ndlela, ngo-1812 abaseSwitzerland UJohann Ludwig Burckhardt wayengowokuqala waseYurophu okwazi ukufinyelela ePetra ukubona ukuthi yini eyiqiniso kulezi zinganekwane ezatshelwa ngomuzi obomvu. Ngesizathu sokufuna ukunikela ngomhlatshelo ethuneni lomprofethi u-Aaron, wakwazi ukuhlukana nomqondisi wakhe kumahamba nendlwana ayehamba kuwo futhi wakwazi ukucabanga ngamehlo akhe ingcebo edumile yamaNabataea. Wayengowokuqala waseNtshonalanga ukwenza lokho eminyakeni engamakhulu ayisithupha.
Ekushoneni kwakhe ngo-1822, izinkumbulo zakhe zaleyo ndawo engajwayelekile eyembiwa etsheni elibomvana lasogwadule lwaseJordani zashicilelwa futhi eminyakeni eyalandela abanye abavakashi abaningi baseYurophu bafika ePetra, kubalwa nomdwebi wamakhathuni odumile waseScotland uDavid Roberts, owaletha izindaba eziningi futhi izindaba eYurophu.imidwebo yokuqala yaleyo ndawo.
Ukwazi uPetra
Kuzothatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukwazi idolobha ngokujula kwazise ezinye izikhumbuzo zisakazeke kakhulu futhi kufanele uhambe ibanga elide ukubabona bonke. Isifanekiselo kunazo zonke nguMgcinimafa, otholakala ngomhosha omncane obizwa ngeSiq.
Njengoba kutholakala isigodi sasePetra, isivakashi sizohlangana nezakhiwo zaso ezihlaba umxhwele futhi sizobesaba ubuhle bemvelo bale ndawo. Njengomuntu owenza umsebenzi wokuzilibazisa uJohann Ludwig Burckhardt wakwenza eminyakeni engama-200 eyedlule.
Lapha ungathola amakhulu amathuna aqoshwe ngamatshe ahlotshiswe ngemidwebo ebabazekayo eyakhelwe inzalo. Eziningi zazo zisesimweni esihle yize zingenalutho. Itheyetha enkulu enesitayela samaRoma eyakhiwa amaNabataea nayo iyagcinwa, ngokungafani nezindlu ezacekelwa phansi ukuzamazama komhlaba.
Kunama-obelisk, amathempeli, ama-altare, imigwaqo evulekile, futhi phezulu ngenhla kwesigodi kuphakama isigodlo sezindela sase-Ad-Deir esihlaba umxhwele, esikhuphuka ngezitebhisi ezingama-800 ezisikwe emadwaleni eziholela kuso.
Ngaphakathi kwesiza ungavakashela futhi neminyuziyamu emibili emnandi eneqoqo elikhulu lezingcezu ezivela esifundeni sasePetra: i-Archaeological Museum kanye neNabatean Museum.
Kukhona nethempeli lokukhumbula ukufa kuka-Aaron, umfowabo kaMose, elakhiwa yinkosi yamaMamluk yekhulu le-XNUMX.
Ngaphakathi enkomponi, izingcweti ezahlukahlukene zedolobha laseWadi Musa nasendaweni eyakhelene neBedouin zakha amadokodo abo amancane ukuze zithengise imisebenzi yezandla yendawo, njengobumba lwaseBedouin nobucwebe, kanye namabhodlela esihlabathi esinemibala asendaweni.
Yisiphi isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokwazi uPetra?
Uma kwenzeka ufuna ukuthatha izithombe, isikhathi esikahle sokuvakashela idolobha sisuka ekuseni kakhulu kuze kube phakathi kwamabili noma ntambama, lapho ukuthambekela kwemisebe yelanga kugqamisa imibala yemvelo yamadwala.
Nokho, ukuhambela kusihlwa eMgcinimafa wasePetra ngokukhanyisa amakhandlela akukhunjulwa, isipiliyoni semilingo okufanele futhi siphile lapho. Kungakuhle ukuletha izingubo ezifudumele kwazise amazinga okushisa aphansi ebusuku futhi umbukiso wokukhanya nomculo ovezwa lapho ungahlala amahora amathathu emoyeni ovulekile.
Ungayithola kanjani iPetra?
Ukufinyelela kwezimoto esizeni akuvunyelwe kepha ungaqasha ihhashi noma inqola ukuvakashela iSiq. Abantu abakhubazekile noma asebekhulile bangathola imvume ekhethekile eSikhungweni Sezivakashi ukuze badluliselwe ngaphakathi ePetra kanye nokuvakashelwa kwezinto ezikhangayo ezinkulu ngentengo eyengeziwe.
IJordani ingaphezulu kakhulu kwePetra
UPetra unesizathu esanele sokuvakashela iJordani kepha hhayi kuphela. Ngaphezu kwezinye izikhumbuzo zalo eziningi, izwe linikeza izindawo ezihlaba umxhwele eziwugwadule, umhlaba ogcwele izimbali nemizana emincane egcina amasiko abo asendulo.
Futhi, IJordani libhejela ukukhulisa ezokuvakasha zalo zenkolo kanye neBhodi Yezokuvakasha yaseJordani, inhlangano yezwe yokukhuthaza ezokuvakasha yomphakathi ngokubambisana nochwepheshe abavela kuJacobean Route, yaklama i-'Jordani Trail ', edabula amaphuzu asemqoka aseJordania eBhayibheli: ukubhaphathizwa kukaKristu eMfuleni iJordani, ukukhuphukela ezulwini komprofethi u-Eliya ngenqola yomlilo evela osebeni olusempumalanga yomfula ofanayo, indawo uMose abona kuyo iZwe Lesithembiso eNtabeni iNebo noma edolobheni elifihla imephu kaMose yeZwe Elingcwele langekhulu le-XNUMX elaziwa ngokuthi iMadaba.
Lezi ngezinye nje zezibonelo zezindawo ezivela eBhayibhelini futhi eziyingxenye yale phrojekthi enkulu ehlose ukuheha abahambeli abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Sekukonke, ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-600 asabalala ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-40 ezikuvumela ukuthi uthole izwe lonke ngokuliwela usuka enyakatho uye eningizimu.