Samarkand

ISamarkand ingelinye lamadolobha amakhulu e Uzbekistan, elinye lamazwe azalwa ngemuva kokuwa kwe i-Soviet Union. Kodwa-ke, umlando wayo ubuyela emuva emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, ikakhulukazi ku I-VII BC.

Kumenyezelwe Amagugu Emhlaba, ISamarkand isenza sicabange ngezimo ze 'Ubusuku bama-Arabia' ngesithombe saso esijabulisayo sase-Asia. Kepha, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngoba yayiyinhloko-dolobha yombuso wasenganekwaneni ka UTamerlane, umnqobi omkhulu wokugcina waseMongol, indawo eyayisukela India kuya eTurkey. Futhi ngoba bekungenye yezindawo zokudlula kwezinganekwane ezingaphansi Umzila we-Silk, owawuxhumanisa iChina neYurophu eseningizimu. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngeSamarkand, sikumema ukuthi usilandele.

Yini ongayibona eSamarkand

Ngabantu abalinganiselwa engxenyeni yesigidi namuhla, konke eSamarkand kusikhumbuza ngokudlula kwalo kwangaphambilini. Ama-mosque wobuhle obedlulele, ama-mausoleum amahle kanye nokufuna ukwazi okunjenge-Ulugh Beg Observatory ngezinye zezinto ongazibona edolobheni. Ake sibazi.

URegistan

Leli yigama le-esplanade enkulu lapho kwakhiwa khona iSamarkand. Kuwo, kwakumenyezelwa amakhosi, kodwa into enhle kunazo zonke ama-madrasa amathathu ayihlelayo. Njengoba wazi, izikole lapho kufundiswa khona amaSulumane futhi zisebenza njengezindawo zokukhulekela zibizwa ngalokhu.

Labo ongabona eRegistan yibo Ulugh Beg madrasa, eyakhiwa ngekhulu le-XNUMX; i nguSherdar, umfanekiso wangaphambilini wekhulu le-XNUMX, kanye ngu-Tilla-Kari. Zakhiwe ngakho konke ukunethezeka, ziyisibonelo esiphelele se- izakhiwo ze-islamic.

I-mosque ye-Bibi Khanum, engesinye sezimanga kakhulu eSamarkand

Kodwa-ke, esinye sezikhumbuzo ezikhexisa kakhulu ngobuhle nobukhulu baso yindlu yamaSulumane iBibi Khanum, ozothola umqondo wobukhulu bayo uma sikutshela ukuthi umnyango omkhulu uyalingana amamitha angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Futhi yayinezimboni ezine kanye negceke elikhulu elimaphakathi elenziwe ngamakholomu emabula amhlophe angamakhulu amane aqediwe ezindlini.

Njengokungathi konke lokhu bekunganele, kukhona okuhle leyenda lokho kuhlobene nokwakhiwa kwayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi yakhiwa ngomyalo kaBibi Khanum, unkosikazi kaTamerlane. Ngokwenza lokho, lo mdwebi wamthanda wamisa imisebenzi waze wamanga. Ngokusobala, ukuqabulana kushiye uphawu kumfazi weNgonyama, okumenze wathola ukuthi kwenzekani. Wafuna umakhi wezakhiwo kuwo wonke amazwe akhe ukuze ambulale, kepha wayeseshonile, yize phambilini wayeqedile ngomosque. Eduze kwakhe kukhona i- UBibi Khanum mausoleum.

IGur-e-Amir Mausoleum

Kodwa-ke, i-mausoleum ebabazekayo eSamarkand yileya kaGur-e-Amir, okusho ukuthi ngokwezwi nezwi "Ithuna lenkosi". Futhi kungukuthi ungcwatshwe kuye UTamerlane. I-octagonal in shape kepha isithweswe umqhele omkhulu. Igcinwe kahle kakhulu futhi kuthiwa yakhonza njengesibonelo samanye amathuna amakhulu njenge Taj Mahal ka-Agra.

IShan-i-Zinda necropolis

Kuyinkimbinkimbi yomngcwabo ehlaba umxhwele eyenziwe ngu izindawo ezingcwele y cishe ama-mausoleum angamashumi amabili lapho kungcwatshwe khona abalingiswa ababaluleke kakhulu bobukhosi bakwaTimurid, obuqalwa nguTamerlane uqobo. Kuze kuthiwe ungcwatshwe khona UQusam ibn Abbas, umzala womprofethi uMuhammad owaletha ubuSulumane kulezi zindawo.

I-Ulugh Beg Observatory

Sesivele sikusho lo mlingiswa kuwe ngaphambilini. Wayengumzukulu kaTamerlane futhi, ngaphezu kokuba ngumbusi wendawo, wayengumuntu omkhulu isazi sezinkanyezi. Kangangokuthi udumo lwakhe lwafinyelela naseYurophu. Cishe ngo-1420 wayala ukuthi kwakhiwe indawo enkulu yokubuka eyayifaka i- i-sextant enkulu Izitezi ezintathu eziphakeme ukuthola indawo eqonde kakhulu yezinkanyezi.

Yize le ndawo yokubuka izinto yacekelwa phansi ngo-1449, izinsalela zayo zatholwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX futhi namuhla ziyimnyuziyamu lapho ungabona khona ne-sextant edumile.

Indawo yokuvubukula ye-Afrasiab

I-Afrasiab kwakuyidolobha elandulela iSamarkand. Yasungulwa, njengoba sesikutshelile vele, ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC, yaqanjwa ngenhloso yokuhlonipha inkosi eyakhayo. Itholakala empumalanga esenyakatho yeSamarkand kanti izinsalela ezitholakala kuleli sayithi zise- Umnyuziyamu we-Afrasiab.

Phakathi kwabo, kukhona abanye abanelukuluku njengoba izingcezu ezindala kakhulu ze-chess emhlabeni nemidwebo ehlukahlukene yodonga. Kubuye kube nezindlu ze- okuthiwa ithuna lomprofethi uDaniel, i-sarcophagus enkulu elinganisa amamitha ayi-XNUMX. Inkulu kakhulu ngoba, ngokwenganekwane, umgibeli wayo ukhula ngamasentimitha unyaka nonyaka.

UBazaar kaSiyob

Okunye ukuvakasha okufanele ukwenze eSamarkand yilokho kwakho izitolo. Okukhulu kunakho konke lokho siyob, esondelene kakhulu nesonto lamaSulumane iBibi Khanum. Yindawo ephelele ongazama kuyo imikhiqizo ejwayelekile yendawo efana nezinsuku, amantongomane noma okubizwa ngakho isinkwa samarkand. Unganambitha ngisho nezitsha ezifana ne- ipula, irayisi elilungiswe ngenyama, izinongo, amaqanda ezigwaca, amantongomane, omisiwe kanye noqathe; i umabhebhana, uhlobo lwe-skewers yenyama, noma izinhlaka, amadombolo emifino nezinye izinciphisi.

Yisiphi isikhathi esihle sokuhambela eSamarkand

Idolobha lase-Uzbekistan lethula i- Isimo sezulu saseMedithera. Ubusika buyabanda kanti ihlobo liyashisa kakhulu, nezinsuku ezingadlula amazinga okushisa angamashumi amane. Ngokwengxenye yayo, imvula iyindlala. Konke lokhu kusenza sikweluleke ngokuthi uye eSamarkand in intwasahlobo. Isimo sezulu simnandi futhi azikho izivakashi eziningi njengasehlobo.

Ungafika kanjani eSamarkand

Idolobha line- Isikhumulo sezindiza samazwe omhlaba. Kodwa-ke, ithola kuphela izindiza ezivela emazweni angomakhelwane njengeRussia noma Turkey. Ngakho-ke, indlela engcono yokufika eSamarkand yile ujantshi. Ukusuka eTashkent, inhlokodolobha yase-Uzbekistan, unolayini wejubane owaziwa njenge I-Afrosoiyob.

Ungenza futhi umzila ku- ibhasi, kepha kuthatha cishe amahora ayisithupha ngakho-ke asikukhuthazi. Uma usedolobheni, indlela ejwayelekile yokuhamba kuyo yiyona amatekisi abiwe. Zishibhile impela yize zinenkinga yokuthi aziqali zize zisuthe. Enye indlela izingcingo amatrushkas, amaveni athwala abantu abangafika eshumini nanhlanu futhi ashibhile kodwa futhi ahamba kancane.

Ekuphetheni, iSamarkand iyi- indawo enhle ongayihamba. Kumenyezelwe iSiza Samagugu Omhlaba, amathempeli aso amakhulu nama-mausoleum, izindawo zayo zokuthengisa kanye nephunga laso laseMpumalanga elizokuhambisa ezweni elijabule kakhulu 'iThe Thousand and One Nights'.