Enye yezimpawu zase-United States yi- Isithombe senkululeko. Amamuvi namathelevishini akunakile lokho futhi noma ubani oya eNew York uhlanganisa nokuvakasha kwakhe ohlelweni lokuvakasha. Uma ungazi okuningi ngaye, ngizokutshela ukuthi unendaba emnandi, ngakho-ke namuhla sizomazi.
Okokuqala, nakuba sonke simazi njengeSifanekiso Senkululeko, igama langempela ngu Inkululeko ikhanyisa umhlaba.
Isifanekiso Sokukhululeka
Itholakala eLiberty Island, eningizimu yeManhattan Island, eduze nomlomo woMfula i-Hudson futhi engekude ne-Ellis Island edumile. Kuyisipho esivela kuhulumeni waseFrance kuhulumeni wase-United States eminyakeni eyikhulu yokuqala yenkululeko yezwe elisenyakatho.
I-United States yazibusa ngaphansi kweGreat Britain ngo-1776 yabe isingena eMpini Yombango, umzabalazo wangaphakathi owawopha izwe phakathi kuka-1861 no-1865. Ngaleso sikhathi, usombusazwe ongumFulentshi kanye nommeli wezomthetho u-Eduardo Laboulaye, isekela kanye nelungu lephalamende leThird Republic, babenombono wokujulisa ukusondelana ne-United States ngokunikela ngesifanekiso.
Umqophi okhethiwe kwakungu-Alsatian Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, futhi yize isithombe kwakufanele silunge ngo-1876 hhayi yonke into yayilula. IFrance yaya empini nePrussia, uzwela lwaseMelika kumaJalimane aluzange luhlale kahle, iRiphabhulikhi Yesithathu nayo yayinezinkinga zangaphakathi, ubukhosi besabisa ngokubuya ... Kodwa noma kunjalo, umdwebi waya e-United States ngo-1871 futhi wakhetha omncane. esiqhingini lapho kwakumele kume khona isifanekiso esihle, ngaphezu kokujoyina owayenguMongameli ngaleso sikhathi.
ngokucacile isifanekiso inamathonya obuciko besiGreki futhi namuhla kucatshangwa ukuthi umqophi waphefumulelwa unkulunkulukazi wamaGreki uHecate ukuba amnike Inkululeko ubuso nesithombe. Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zobuso nazo ziphakamise imibuzo eminingi.Ingabe uyintombi yomsunguli wesigidi u-Issac Singer, ingabe ungumama womqophi, noma kukhona abesifazane abambalwa kubuso bakudala? Konke kungenzeka.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi UBartholdi wayesebenze ekwakhiweni kweSuez Canal, eGibhithe, futhi Bengivele nginemiklamo ethile yesifanekiso se-lighthouse esingakaze sigunyazwe. Ngokusobala okunye kwalokho kungene kumiklamo yakhe yokuqala yomdlalo waseNew York, umklamo lapho washiya ikepisi elivamile nelivamile laseFrigian futhi esikhundleni salo wafaka umqhele wemisebe yelanga.
Phakathi kohulumeni abafanele babekusungule lokho I-United States izokwenza isisekelo setshe lesikhumbuzo kanye neFrance isifanekiso nomhlangano olandelayo. Kodwa izinkinga zezomnotho zazihlale zikhona. EFrance, kwasungulwa inhlangano ukuze kuqoqwe izimali, inhlangano eyasebenzisa zonke izindlela zangaleso sikhathi ukuze kuqoqwe imali, futhi okufanayo nase-United States.
Isifanekiso Sokukhululeka Inohlaka lwamathambo ethusi olwaklanywa unjiniyela uGustave Eiffel, okufanayo nombhoshongo odumile. Imisebenzi yaqala futhi kwakulindeleke ukuba balungele iminyaka eyikhulu, ngo-July 4, 1876, kodwa kwaba nokubambezeleka okuningi futhi lolo suku kwakungenakwenzeka ukuluhlonipha..
Nokho, kancane kancane lesi sithombe saqala ukubukeka futhi izingxenye zaso zazivakashelwa ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, kuhlanganise nezithombe nezingqwembe, ukuze kuqoqwe imali yokusheshisa ukuqedwa komsebenzi. Eqinisweni, labo ababekhona embukisweni Wendawo Yonke owawuseParis ngo-1878 bakwazi ukungena emakhanda abo futhi bakhuphukele emqheleni ngezitebhisi ezingamamitha angu-43 ukuphakama. Ikhanda labekwa endaweni edumile yaseMars.
Kanti kwenzekani e-United States? Isisekelo setshe lesikhumbuzo sinyakaza nokunensa komnenke. A) Yebo, usomabhizinisi wezindaba uJoseph Pulitzer wethule umkhankaso omkhulu wokukhangisa ephephandabeni lakhe, ikhuthaza iminikelo ukuze i-troche kanye ne-moche. Ngo-1884 itshe lesisekelo lesisekelo lase libekiwe, nakuba konke kwaqedwa kuphela ngo-1886.
EFrance lesi sithombe sase siphelile futhi abaningi base bevakashile futhi bebabaza. Yabe isihlakazwa, yathunyelwa eRuen ngesitimela, ngomkhumbi eSeine ethekwini laseLe Havre, yafika eNew York ngo-June 1886. Yahamba yahlakazwa yaba izingcezu ezingu-350, emabhokisini angu-214. Ilangabi nengalo yesokudla bekuvele kuseMelika phambilini. Kwamanye amabhokisi kwakuhamba amabhawodi, ama-rivets namantongomane.
ngemva kwezinyanga ezine iSitatimende Senkululeko sase sihlangene kakade futhi savulwa phambi kukaMongameli uCleveland, izivakashi ezikhethekile nezifuna ukwazi. IFrance yayimelwe yiPhini likaMongameli weSenate yaseFrance, uDesmons. Lo mfanekiso wawungakalungeli iminyaka eyikhulu kwaze kwaba yiminyaka eyishumi kamuva, kodwa nakhu ekugcineni.
Ngesinye isikhathi ebukhoneni bayo isifanekiso wasebenza njengendlu yesibani eNew York, phakathi komhlangano wayo kanye no-1902 ncamashi. Ukukhanya kwayo kwakungabonwa endaweni eqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-39 futhi yayinejeneretha kagesi efakwe ngokukhethekile esiqhingini ukuze isebenze. Bese kuthi-ke, ngokuhambisana nezikhathi, iSifanekiso Senkululeko Ibilungiswa futhi ilungiswa ngokwesimanje, ikakhulukazi ekagesi.
isandla sibambene nogesi kwafakwa ilifti ekuqaleni kwekhulu, lavuselelwa ngeminyaka yama-'30s, a Ukushisa uhlelo eminyakeni eyishumi elandelayo futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezibani ze-headband wemisebe yelanga. Futhi-ke, abaningi ukubuyiselwa kwesakhiwo lokho kwaqinisekisa impilo ende yetshe lesikhumbuzo. Okubaluleke kakhulu kwenzeka ngawo-80, umzuzu lapho ithoshi lokuqala lafakwa esikhundleni, linamashidi egolide nezibani ezengeziwe. Ungabona ngempela ithoshi elidala kumnyuziyamu wetshe lesikhumbuzo ngokwalo.
Futhi-ke, insimbi endala nayo yathathelwa indawo yinsimbi engagqwali, ikheshi elidala ngelisha nokunye okuningi. Ngakho, yavulwa futhi ngo-July 5, 1986.
Sisho ukuthini iSitembu Senkululeko?
Igama lakhe likhulu ngokwanele. Inkululeko yilo wesifazane omangalisayo, omile, egqoke isigebengu futhi ethweswe umqhele umqhele weziqongo eziyisikhombisa, ezimelela amazwekazi ayisikhombisa nezilwandle eziyisikhombisa. Amafasitela angu-25 omqhele amele amagugu omhlaba, umqhele obuye ukhumbule lowo owawusetshenziswa unkulunkulu uHelios, iLanga kumaGreki. Esandleni sakhe sokudla uyaphakamisa ithoshi elikhanyisa umhlaba, futhi esandleni sakhe sobunxele unocwecwe olunosuku okwasayinwa ngalo iSimemezelo Senkululeko Yase-United States.
Isithombe siphakama ngamamitha angu-46 futhi uma sibala ukuphakama ukusuka phansi kuya phezulu kwethoshi 93 metres isiyonke. Ezinyaweni zakhe amanye amaketango aphukile afanekisela inkululeko eyengeziwe. Okabani? Nokho, kusukela eGreat Britain, etholakala njengalo lonke elaseYurophu ngasempumalanga, kulapho leli tshe lesikhumbuzo libheke khona.
Vakashela iSifanekiso Senkululeko
Ukuze wenze ukuvakasha kufanele thenga ithikithi lesikebhe futhi uhlele ukuvakasha. Le nkampani yiStatue Cruises, okuwukuphela kwayo egunyazwe ukuyisa abagibeli eziqhingini, futhi ithikithi elifanayo likunikeza ukufinyelela ezikebheni, indawo ezungezile, imnyuziyamu kanye nemihlahlandlela yokulalelwayo. I-Ellis Island kanye ne-Statue of Liberty kufinyeleleka kuphela ngezikebhe ezisuka ezindaweni eziseLower Manhattan naseNew Jersey.
I-Isla Libertad inepaki elihle nomnyuziyamu futhi ihamba phambili ekuthwebuleni izithombe zetshe lesikhumbuzo ngama-engeli ahlukene. Imyuziyamu yesifanekiso inemibukiso emihle futhi uzobona ithoshi langempela liboniswa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Ellis Island ivula iwindi ngomlando wokufudukela eMelika.