El Mekong Ungumfula obaluleke kakhulu eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia futhi omunye wemide kunazo zonke kuleli zwekazi. Yeqa amazwe amaningi kepha ifayili le- i-delta yini okuku- Vietnam, iphuzu lapho iqala ukuthululela khona olwandle, lobuhle obuthile.
Kubathandi bemvelo nezimangaliso zayo, le ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu njengoba iyikhaya lezinhlobo zezilwane, izitshalo nezinhlanzi ezizungeze inkulungwane. Ukwehluka kukhulu kakhulu futhi uma kulokho kungezwa ukuthi kweqa izindawo ezakhiwe izinkulungwane zeminyaka ekubalulekeni kwazo kwemvelo kungezwe ukubaluleka kwaso kwamasiko. Ake sizitholele zombili.
Umfula iMekong
Ingenye yezindawo ezibanzi kakhulu e-Asia futhi inobude obusondele be- 4.350 amakhilomitha selokhu yazalwa emathafeni aseTibetan. Kuwo wonke uhambo lwakho udlula eChina, eMyanmar, eLaos, eThailand, eCambodia futhi ekugcineni afike eVietnam ogelezela olwandle ngobani. Ukusetshenziswa nokusinda komfula ngaleso sikhathi kuyisenzo esihlangene.
Umcengezi womfula uhlukaniswe waba umcengezi ongaphezulu, otholakala e-Chinese Tibet, kanye nomcengezi ophansi, osesifundazweni saseYunnan. Kungemuva komgwaqo omude lapho uthululela eSouth China Sea kule delta eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ekhangayo emazweni aseVietnam. Kungumfula ngezisulu eziningi, eminye isakhiwa. Inqwaba, empeleni, futhi iningi labo likhomba ekwakhiweni kwe- amandla kagesi.
Ngokusho ingcebo yezinto eziphilayo idlulwa kuphela yi-Amazon. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi likhaya lezinhlobo zezitshalo eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane nje zezinyoni, izinhlobo ezingama-800 zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane ezincelisayo ezikhethekile ezingama-430 nezilwane eziningi eziphila ezweni nasemanzini ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezingama-850 zezinhlanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti. Kuyinto super biodiverse. Kodwa kuthiwani ngokuhamba ngomkhumbi eMekong?
Kungumfula ongadlula emanzini Sekungamakhulu eminyaka nasemaphethelweni alo amadolobha, amadolobhana kanye nemizi kuhlale kwakhiwa. Nanamuhla kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakale izindawo zokudoba eziqhubeka nokudla ngokusebenzisa imizila yezohwebo exhumanisa le ngxenye ye-Asia.
I-delta enhle yeMekong
Itholakala entshonalanga yedolobha Ho Chi Minh, iSaigon yasendulo. Ingxenye yeVietnam yase-delta inezindawo eziningi ezibukeka kahle kepha ngokuvamile ikhadi leposi elisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu elamazwe agcwele amanzi eningizimu namanye amagquma athambile entshonalanga nasenyakatho, umkhiqizo womsebenzi we-tectonic lapho izingqimba zase-Eurasia nezamaNdiya zishayisana, eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-50 ngemuva.
I-delta idlula ngemigudu emibili emikhulu, yomibili engena oLwandle lwaseMpumalanga. Futhi iyindawo encane kakhulu yehlathi ezweni, Amahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300 futhi konke lokhu ngokungangabazeki kuthinta isimo sezulu futhi kuthintwa yiso ngasikhathi sinye. I-delta yindawo ye ukuphakama okuphansi ngakho-ke kakhulu othambekele kwizikhukhula ulwandle alukhuphuki neze. Lokhu-ke kukhiqiza usawoti omkhulu emazweni asogwini futhi kusobala ukuthi ukukhathazeka ngezinyathelo zikahulumeni ezilwa nemiphumela emibi yalesi simo.
Iqiniso ngukuthi izivakashi eziningi ziyazithanda lezi zindawo. Ngaphezu kokushaya uHanoi, uHoi An noSapa bavame ukukhomba i- IMekong Delta ohlwini… Ingabe kuwufanele? Ingabe inqwaba yezithombe zalezo zimakethe ezimibalabala ezintantayo ziyafana nangempela? Lutho neze. I-delta ibukeka ngokujwayelekile njengeVietnam yonke, ngeke ubone okuhlukile noma okukhanyayo. Yini enye, ayikwazi ukugxila endaweni eyodwa noma ezimbili kuphela ngoba empeleni i-delta ithatha sonke isifunda esentshonalanga yezwe.
Ngisho, kukhulu. Lokho okwenziwe ezinye izikhungo zezokuvakasha kuhlanganiswe a umzila wabavakashi ukusebenzisa amadola nama-euro wezokuvakasha. Imali wonke umuntu afuna ukuba nayo. Futhi noma yikuphi ukuvakasha okukhethayo, ngokuqinisekile uzogcina wenze imizila efanayo uma kungenjalo: ukugibela isikebhe, ukuhambela ithempeli, izimakethe ezimibalabala. Iqiniso libanzi futhi lehlukene kakhulu: ngamadolobhana kanye nemizana yokudoba ongayibona emfuleni osogwini noma owawubopha ubhaka ngolunye usuku.
Kufanele wazi ukuthi i-delta akuyona indawo encane oyivakashelayo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa njengezinye izindawo eVietnam. Uma ufuna ngempela ukumazi ngaleso sikhathi kudinga ukuhlela Futhi akunakwenzeka ukuvakashela yonke into futhi uzogcina ngokuvakashela kuphela izindawo zabavakashi kakhulu. Ukuze ubone okuningi futhi ujule bese uqasha umhlahlandlela wangasese futhi okhethekile. Lapho sengikushilo lokho, Yini ongayenza eDelta?
Okokuqala ungaqala nge inhliziyo yedelta okuyiCan Tho idolobha. Kuyindawo yezokuthutha, ezombusazwe kanye nezentengiselwano yale ndawo futhi inendawo enhle engasogwini, imigwaqo kanye nama-boulevards okufanele awahlole. Kuyisisekelo esihle sokuhambahamba. Ngakho-ke, kufanele uvakashele i- Imakethe Entantayo yeCai Rang, Ubuhle i-phu quoc island, intaba uSam noma uBen Tre.
Kukhona okuhle indawo yokugcina izinyoni, iTra Su, kukhona ne Ihlathi leXeo Quyt futhi i Ithuna leBa Chuc. Lesi yisikhumbuzo esikhumbuza ukwesabeka kombuso waseKhmer: ngo-1978 lo hulumeni wabulala abantu basemakhaya abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu kwasala abasindile ababili kuphela. Isikhumbuzo siqukethe ibhokisi lamathambo nezithombe futhi singamakhilomitha angama-75 ukusuka eHa Tien ukuze ukwazi ukuhlela i- ukuvakasha kusuka ku-Chau Doc cishe ngama-euro angama-30.
Ihlathi leXeo Quyt lingamakhilomitha angama-35 ukusuka eCao Lahn futhi ngaphezu kwezihlahla ezinhle zikhona ama-bunkers eViet Cong. Ingavakashelwa ngesikebhe, ngaphakathi ehlathini, noma ngemizila. Ukugibela isikebhe kuyimizuzu engama-20 futhi zombili zikuvumela ukuthi ubone ama-bunkers kanye nemigudu kusukela esikhathini sempi yaseVietnam. Ngakho-ke, njengoba uzobona, yize i-delta yaseMekong inkulu futhi ukwazi ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi nesifiso, ungahlala uvakashela phezulu, uzivumelanisa nohambo lokuvakasha oluningi.