UMfula iNayile

Omunye wemifula edume kakhulu emhlabeni ngokungangabazeki yi Umfula iNayile. Ungangitsheli ukuthi ayinayo i-halo enkulu ye- imfihlakalo, umlingo, engazungezwe izindaba ezimnandi, zeminyaka eyizinkulungwane. Lona yiNayile, umfula ogama lawo livusa ilukuluku nje kuphela.

Kungenzeka yini ukuthi uhlale exhumene nabaseGibhithe nempucuko yabo? Kungenzeka yini ukuthi sithi igama lalo nezithombe zalo kuvela enkambweni yalo ebabazekayo, ensundu, ezungezwe yizihlabathi namathempeli egolide akhuluma ngabanye onkulunkulu? Kungenzeka, kepha namhlanje kufanele singene sijule futhi sifunde okwengeziwe ngalokhu umfula omkhulu wase-afrika.

UMfula iNayile

Ngumfula omkhulu kunayo yonke e-Afrika y unqamule amazwe ayishumi kusukela ezwenikazi lize lingene olwandle oluseningizimu-mpumalanga yeMedithera. Kuse-delta yayo enkulu futhi ecebile lapho iCairo ne-Alexandria zilele khona. UMfula iNayile ulinganisa amakhilomitha angu-6.853 XNUMX ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwe-Amazon, ngumfula wesibili omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni.

Kusuka ekuhloleni okuhlukile ILake Victoria ibonakala njengomthombo wayo wokuqala, kodwa kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi ichibi linemifula eminingi yemifudlana enobukhulu obukhulu. Phakathi kwabo, uMfula iKagera ubaluleke kakhulu. Kunempikiswano mayelana nalolu daba, ngulo mfula noma omunye, ngakho-ke ingxoxo ihlala ivulekile.

Iqiniso ngukuthi yize ukwazi imvelaphi yayo kunzima kancane, ukulandela inkambo yayo akunzima kangako uma sekwakhiwe. Ishiya iLake Victoria eRipon Falls e-Uganda bese iba yiVictoria Nile cishe amakhilomitha ayi-130 ize ifike eLake Kyoga. Ingxenye yokugcina yomfula, engamakhilomitha angaba ngu-200, iqala ogwini olusentshonalanga kwechibi, igelezele nasentshonalanga, futhi yenze ukujika okukhulu iye enyakatho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ifinyelele ekuweni kweKaruma.

Ukusuka lapho inqamula iMpophoma iMurchison, ifike eLake Albert bese yakhe intaba. Ngemuva kokushiya ichibi umfula uwela i-Uganda futhi waziwa njenge INayile Albert. Ngaleyo ndlela ifinyelela eningizimu yeSudan, ihlangane noMfula i-Achwa bese iguqula igama layo bese ifaka umbala kaningana ngenxa yobumba olumiswe emanzini alo. Empeleni yaziwa njenge INayile emhlophe Kwalokhu. Ngakho-ke, ungena eSudan futhi ahlangane ne- IBlue Nile.

Ukudlula eSudan inkambo yomfula inelukuluku, inezimpophoma eziyisithupha nenkambo ehlukanisiwe ize ingene eLake Nasser, ikakhulukazi esevele ingaphansi kwefulegi laseGibhithe. Kulapha, ngaphesheya kwe- Idamu lase-Aswan, emkhawulweni osenyakatho waleli chibi, ukuthi iNayile ibuyela enkambweni yalo yomlando, iphambukiswe idamu elifanayo. Ekugcineni, isenyakatho yeCairo lapho ihlukaniswe khona yaba ngamagatsha amabili agelezela oLwandle iMedithera. Igatsha laseRosetta lisentshonalanga kanti iDamietta Branch, empumalanga, yakha iNayile Delta.

Ukufingqa, iNile yakha izifundo ezintathu eziyinhloko: iBlue Nile, i-Atbara neWhite Nile. Igama ngokwalo, iNayile, lisuselwa esiGrekini U-Neelos noma isi-latin UNilus, okukholelwa ukuthi inomsuka wamaSemite osho umfula noma isigodi umfula. Isikhathi eside iqiniso lokuthi umfula, ngokungafani neminye imifula, ugeleza usuka eningizimu uye enyakatho futhi ugcwala ngesikhathi esishisayo sonyaka bekuyimpicabadala emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, kepha lokhu yikho kanye okwakuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha.

INayile nomlando

Ngemuva kokucacisa le mininingwane mayelana noMfula iNayile, iqiniso yilokho umphefumulo waseGibhithe, okungenani kusuka eGibhithe lasendulo. Inqume, yaqondisa, impilo yala mazwe kusukela ngeNkathi Yamatshe. Ngokusobala, ngezinguquko iplanethi yethu eye yenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Impucuko yaseGibhithe ibiyisisekelo. Umfula udlula osebeni lwawo kabili ngonyaka bese ubeka inhlabathi lapho uwenza uvunde kakhulu. Lapha abaseGibhithe lasendulo babekhula ukolweni, i-papyrus nezinye imbewu kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni abantu ababhekene nendlala. Futhi, umfula wawuyi- isiteshi sokuxhumana nezokuhweba nabanye abantu, okwathi kwesinye isikhathi kwaveza ukuzinza kwezomnotho okwakusizakala futhi ekukhuleni kwabantu.

Ngaphandle kokudla, ezohwebo nokuxhumana, umfula iNayile wawukhetheke ngokomoya kwabaseGibhithe. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi uFaro, ulawulwa, noHapis, izikhukhula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umfula wawuyindlela ephakathi kwempilo nokuphila emva kokufa. Ngasempumalanga kwakuyindawo yokuzalwa nokukhula futhi entshonalanga kwakuwukufa.

Ngakho-ke wonke amathuna asentshonalanga yeNayile. ikhalenda lasendulo labaseGibhithe lalisekelwe emijikelezweni emithathu yomfula, inkathi ngayinye enezinyanga ezine, ihlobene nokunothisa umhlaba, ukuhlwanyela nokuvuna.

Iziphi izilwane futhi yiziphi izitshalo ezihlala eNayile? Kuya ngendawo, ukuchelela kanye nenani lemvula. Kukhona izimvula ezishisayo emfuleni ezindaweni ezithile, futhi lokho kanye nokushisa kukhiqiza amahlathi acinile ngawo izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla ezishisayo nezitshalo ezifana nobhanana, ama-ebonies, uqalo noma izihlahla zekhofi. Kukhona futhi ama-savanna anezimila ezincanyana nezincane, ezinezihlahla eziphakathi nendawo notshani obunamakhambi angapheli.

ESudan lina kakhulu futhi kunamazwe agcwala izikhukhula ngakho-ke kulapho i- i-papyri, uqalo omude, ama-hyacinths amanzi… Ngokuqhubekela phambili enyakatho lina kancane bese izimila ziyindlala futhi kwesinye isikhathi ihlane liyazalwa, notshani obufa emva kwezimvula. Endabeni yaseGibhithe, izimila eziseduze neNayile cishe ziwumphumela wokunisela nokulima.

Mayelana nezilwane zaseNayile kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi kulo lonke uhlelo lomfula: perch, catfish, tiger fish. Iqiniso wukuthi izinhlanzi eziningi ezisemfuleni ziyizifiki kodwa selokhu kwakhiwa idamu i-Aswan ziye zanyamalala noma zancipha.

Futhi kukhona izingwenya, eNayile eningi, yize engakafiki emachibini asenyakatho echibini leNayile. Phakathi kwezinye izilwane ezinwabuzelayo kunezimfudu, izibankwa nezinhlobo okungenani ezingama-30 ze izinyoka, uhhafu onoshevu. Imvubu? Phambilini abantu bakhona babeningi kuwo wonke umfula kodwa namuhla kutholakala kuphela eningizimu.

IJografi, umlando, izilwane, izimbali. Umfula uthinta konke lokhu bese kuthi nawo umfula uthintwe yilezi zici. Umuntu, empeleni, ukhiqize mhlawumbe uguquko olukhulu kakhulu loMfula iNayile emlandweni wawo: the Idamu i-Aswan. Idamu laqedwa ngo-1970, Ingamamitha angu-111 ukuphakama nge-Crest cishe amamitha amane nevolumu engaphezu kwamamitha ama-cubic metres ayizigidi ezingama-44. ILake Nasser yindawo yalo enamamitha ayi-cubic metres ayi-169 billion.

Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwakudinga i- indawo kabusha yethempeli lasendulo lika-Abu Simbel, ebuhlungwini bokuba ngaphansi kwamanzi ingunaphakade. Futhi amadolobha amaningi kwakudingeka afuduswe, eGibhithe naseSudan. Ngalokhu kwakhiwa, okokuqala ngqa emlandweni, abaseGibhithe bakwazi ukulawula izikhukhula zomfula futhi bakhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi awo.

Njengoba ubona, umfula iNayile ungumcebo wase-Afrika. Uma uya eGibhithe, ungakhohlwa ukuthatha uhambo lokuvakasha kulo, ngezikebhe zendabuko noma ku-cruise. Bheka izinkanyezi ezivela eNayile, bheka ogwini, amathempeli, ilanga esibhakabhakeni. Zizwe isikhashana, enhliziyweni yendaba.


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