Ku- Izintaba zase-Ural babhekwa njenge- umngcele wemvelo phakathi kweYurophu ne-Asia. Ziyizintaba ezinhle ezihlanganisa amakhilomitha angaba ngu-2500 XNUMX futhi zingezaseRussia naseKazakhstan. Inhlabathi yayo ifihla ingcebo yomhlaba wanamuhla njengamalahle, uwoyela noma i-iron, ngakho-ke yonke le ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu kuwo womabili la mazwe.
Indawo ephakeme kakhulu e-Urals yiNtaba iNarodnaya efinyelela kumamitha ayi-1895 wokuphakama. Yebo, akuyona intaba eneziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu, kodwa iphakeme ngokwanele ukuze ukhakhayi lwayo luqhakaze phakathi kwamathafa athi, kolunye uhlangothi nakolunye, anwebele nxazonke zawo. Namuhla sizofunda kabanzi ngezintaba zase-Ural nezabo ukunikezwa kwezivakashi.
Izintaba Zase-Ural
Amagquma basukela olwandle lwe-kara, ingxenye yoLwandle i-Arctic, enyakatho yeSiberia, ku-steppe kazakh, izindawo ezivulekile zotshani ezisenyakatho yeKazakhstan nengxenye yeRussia. Kuneziqhingi ezimbili enyakatho eziyingxenye yezintaba, ukunwetshwa kwazo: Isiqhingi saseNew Zembla neVaygach Island.
Njengoba sishilo, isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke yiNtaba iNarodnaya ngamamitha ayi-1895, kunezinguzunga zeqhwa ngaphezulu. Izintaba Zase-Ural zehlukaniswe zaba imikhakha emihlanu: I I-Arctic Urals, kahle ngasenyakatho, Ama-Urals angaphansi komhlaba, ikuphi iNarodnaya; i Ama-Urals aseNyakatho, amaketanga ahambisanayo; i I-Urals Ephakathi, aphansi, futhi Ama-Urals aseNingizimu, nezigodi.
Izintaba ze-Ural zinemihume, amadwala acijile, imifula eminingi ... Amathafa awo ahlukahlukene kuye ngobude nobude bendawo, ngakho ama-steppes maningi kodwa futhi namahlathi. Ngokuya ngezilwane, ama-Urals ayikhaya ama-lynx, izingwejeje, ama-martens, izimpungushe, izimpisi, amabhere, izimbila, i-grouse, izimbila, izikhova, ama-partridges, ama-pheasants, ama-reindeer ....
Ama-Urals zingenye yezintaba ezindala kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi ngokusho kwezazi zokwakheka komhlaba zakhiwa eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-250 kuya kwezingama-300 edlule lapho izwekazi lase-Euroamerica lishayisana nezwekazi elisha nelibuthakathaka kakhulu laseKazakhstan. Balinganisela ukuthi ingozi yenzeke ngaphezu kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-90.
Ezokuvakasha ezintabeni zase-Ural
Amathafa asezintabeni ama-Ural Mountains ayisimangaliso sokwenza ezokuvakasha ngaphandle. Kunezinhlaka eziningi zezokuvakasha ohlangothini lwaseRussia, endaweni ye- Isifundazwe sasePerm, ongakwazi ukuhlela uhambo ngayo yonke imishini nezinto zokuhamba ezidingekayo. Ukunikezwa kohambo kuhlukahlukene: kukhona ukugibela emfuleni, ukuhamba ngokweqile, ukushushuluza unqamule izwe, ukugibela amahhashi, nokudoba nokuzingela uhambo. IPerm iyisikhungo esikhulu kakhulu sezimboni, esasungulwa ngo-1723.
I-Los ukuhamba komfula Basenkampanini yama-catamaran yabantu abane futhi bakuvumela ukuthi ubonge ubuhle bezintaba ezivela enkambweni yamanzi, bajabulele imvelo kahle, bebona izindawo ezingapheli namahlathi. IPerm inemifula okungenani engama-40 efanelekile kulezi zinhlobo zokuhamba, kodwa phakathi kwemikhumbi edume kakhulu kukhona uMfula iKoiva neVishera.
Ngesikhathi sokwenza thembela eRussia kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi iyadingeka. Amabanga amade, kunemvelo eminingi engathintwanga, inhle ngendlela emangalisayo, lapho kwesinye isikhathi isimo sezulu sishintsha ngosuku olulodwa. Izindawo ezihamba phambili zokuhamba ngezinyawo yi IBasgi National Park, Amakhilomitha angama-200 ukusuka ePerm, enezintaba ezintathu namathafa ahlukahlukene kakhulu kanye ne IVishersky State Reserve. Kuzo zombili izindawo izindawo zokuvakasha ezinsukwini zokugcina.
Okwezizinda ze ezweni lonke khumbula ukuthi ubusika lapha bunzima kakhulu. Kufriziwe. Ukuvakasha kungathatha izinsuku ezine kuya kweziyishumi, lapho kufaka phakathi iMoscow. Futhi kuvame ukufaka umngcele ophakathi kweYurophu ne-Asia, i INtaba iToplaya Goraucingo Isango likaTsar idwala lekarst, uMfula iKoiva, i- Imigede yeChudesnitsa, izimpophoma ezibandayo zaseKhrustalny… Esinye isifunda esinqamula emaphandleni yindawo yaseKrasnovishersky, amakhilomitha angama-300 ukusuka ePerm.
Eduze kakhulu nePerm, isisekelo sokusebenza ohlangothini lwaseRussia, singasho ukuthi, ngakolunye uhlangothi loMfula iKama, yincane Idolobhana laseNizhnaya Kurya futhi nali ipulazi lamahhashi elihlelayo ukugibela emhlane we hhashi. Kunezilwane ezingama-30 ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye namaphasi anikezwa ngemihlahlandlela yezivakashi ezazi ukugibela noma cha. Kukhona nemizila yezinsuku eziningi yabantu abanolwazi oluningi.
Ngokuya ngezokudoba nokuzingela iPerm kungenye yezindawo ezingcono kakhulu ohlangothini lwaseYurophu lwaseRussia. Kunezizathu eziningi zokuzingela ezinikeza ithuba lokuzingela izilwane ezahlukahlukene (izimpisi, izimpungushe, ama-lynx). Ingqalasizinda nayo ingaba phezulu kakhulu. Okufanayo maqondana nokudoba kusukela esifundazweni kunesibalo esikhulu kakhulu semifula nemifudlana eRussia futhi ungadoba kusuka ku-trout kuya ku-carp. Inketho elula yokudoba uMfula iKama, kusuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba.
Ekugcineni, ama-ejensi wezokuvakasha ePerm nawo anikezela ukuzwa isipiliyoni se-dacha, indlu ejwayelekile yasehlobo yaseRussia. Isikhathi seDacha sivela ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba futhi bavame ukuhlalisa abantu abangafika kwabane. Ukuhlala izinsuku ezimbili nobusuku obubodwa e-dacha kungabandakanya ukuhamba ngesikebhe, ukudoba, ukukha amakhowe ehlathini, ukushisa ilanga, ukubhukuda. Konke lokhu yilokho okuhlinzekwa ezokuvakasha ePerm, kodwa-ke akuyona ukuphela kwendawo ongaya kuyo ezintabeni zase-Ural.
Yiziphi ezinye izindawo ezikhona ezintabeni zase-Ural? Ungavakashela idolobha lase I-Yekaterinburg, enabantu abayizigidi nohhafu, kuphela izivakashi uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka yama-90s. Idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke eRussia e-Asia futhi lizungezwe amahlathi. Ingxenye yezimboni ingaphandle kwamaphethelo ngakho-ke idolobha ngokwalo linephrofayili ebushelelezi, enezindlela ezibanzi ezigcwele izihlahla nezakhiwo. Nali iBandla elihle leGazi Labo Bonke Abangcwele, elinedome yegolide emi lapho UTsar Nicholas II nomkakhe u-Alejandra babulawa nezingane zabo ezinhlanu.
Inqaba Yase Ama-Chelyabinks Kusuka ngo-1736 futhi wazala idolobha elinegama elifanayo, futhi linabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi. Kuseningizimu ne-Urals futhi kuneminyuziyamu yobuciko ethokozisayo. Orenburg Isikhungo sezimboni esincane, esivela ngonyaka we-1735. Siphinde sibe neminyuziyamu eminingana futhi endaweni eseduze ungazingela, uhambe udobe noma uvakashele emihumeni, ezimayini nasezinkwalini.
Iqiniso yilokho Izintaba ze-Ural ziyindawo enhle yokuzwa imvelo ngokugcwele, ngakho-ke uma uthanda ukuhamba emahlathini, ubheke izinkanyezi, ume phambi kwamachibi amakhulu futhi uzwe ukuthi umhlaba uyindawo enhle kunazo zonke endaweni yonke, izintaba ze-Ural zikhona zikulindile.