Kunjalo, i ISargasso Sea iwukuphela kolwandle olungenalo uguAmanzi alo awagezi ugu lanoma yiliphi izwe lasezwenikazi. Uthi bewazi? Impela uzwile noma ufundile laphaya, kepha ngabe uyazi ngempela kuphi o inezici ezinjani noma kungani ibizwa kanjalo?
Namuhla, indatshana yethu imayelana nolwandle iSargasso, ulwandle olugcwele ulwelwe futhi yilona kuphela ulwandle oluchazwa yizimpawu zomzimba nezokuphila.
Ulwandle iSargasso
Okokuqala, ikuphi? Yindawo yeNorth Atlantic Ocean, inkulu impela, umumo okweqanda. Itholakala phakathi kwama-meridians 70º no-40º nokufana 25 parallel kuya ku-35ºN, engxenyeni esenyakatho yeNorth Atlantic.
Intshonalanga yoLwandle iSargasso isebenzisa i- IGulf Stream, eningizimu eningizimu ISouth Equatorial yamanje nasempumalanga i I-Canary yamanje futhi inenani eliphelele le- Amakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyisi-5.2s, amakhilomitha angama-3.200 ubude nangaphezudlwana kwamakhilomitha ayi-1.100 ububanzi. Okuthile njengokubili kokuthathu kolwandle, okungekuncane, noma ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zobuso be-United States.
Sithe esihlokweni sendatshana ukuthi yilona kuphela ulwandle olungenawo ugu lwamazwekazi kusukela lapho ukuphela komhlaba okuhlobisa isikhala sakho yiziqhingi zaseBermuda. Eqinisweni, kunjalo lapha lapho kutholakala khona unxantathu odumile waseBermuda, kwabanye umkhakha wolwandle uqobo, kwabanye ulwandle lonke.
Iqiniso elinqatshelwe ukuthi Kutholwe phakathi nohambo lokuqala lukaChristopher Columbus lokuya eMelika ngekhulu le-XNUMX, futhi empeleni, yena uqobo ubhekisa kwisici esithile solwandle olugcine ekugcineni selulunikeza igama lalo: "Amakhambi aluhlaza" ezazichichima emanzini namanje. Eqinisweni, akuyona umuthi kodwa ulwelwe, lohlobo lwe-macroalgae olwaziwa ngokuthi I-Sagarssum, sargassum.
Ukushisa okufudumele kwamanzi olwandle kudale indawo enhle kakhulu yokuba ulwelwe lukwazi ukuzala futhi, ngenxa yemisinga yokuthi ngandlela thile ivimbe ulwandle, ulwelwe luhlala ngaphakathi, maphakathi nendawo, luvame ukucabanga ingozi yangempela kubagibeli bezikebhe. Ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona "imihlambi" yangempela yalezi ziga.
Igama linikezwe amatilosi amaPutukezi, abhabhadisa bobabili izimila zasolwandle nolwandle. Ngaleso sikhathi laba bahloli bezwe babecabanga ukuthi kwakuwulwelwe oluminyene kwesinye isikhathi olwehlisa ijubane imikhumbi yokuhamba ngomkhumbi, kepha namuhla kuyaziwa ukuthi imbangela yangempela kwakuyiGulf Stream futhi.
Yiziphi izici ezibonakalayo uLwandle lwaseSargasso olunazo? Okokuqala akukho moya wasolwandle noma imisinga Futhi endaweni yesibili ulwelwe kanye neplankton kugcwele. Sesishilo ukuthi ulwelwe lwakha amahlathi angempela angahlala kuyo yonke indawo ebonakalayo yamanzi, engeza ku ukungabikho kwemimoyaKungabacasula labo abahamba ngomkhumbi. Kunemisinga ezinhlangothini, nxazonke, kodwa ihlangana ngokungahambisani nokudala ukuthi amanzi angaphakathi ahambe ngemijikelezo eyindilinga ngendlela eyiwashi.
Isikhungo sale mibuthano asinakho ukunyakaza okubonakalayo futhi sinokuthula okukhulu. I- "chicha calm" edumile esatshwa ngamatilosi asendulo. Imisinga ezungezile ingamanzi afudumele acishe afane futhi ahamba ngaphezu kwamanzi ajulile, aminyene futhi abandayo.
Lesi simo, amanzi anokuqina okuhlukahlukene, yikho okwenza amaplankton asebenzise ama-nitrate nama-phosphates abuse phezu kwamanzi, lapho kufika ilanga. kodwa ngasikhathi sinye, iyaqinisekisa ukuthi lawa manzi awahlangani namanzi abandayo agijima ngezansi futhi awakwazi ukubuyisela usawoti olahlekile.
Ngakho-ke ayikho neze impilo yezilwane oLwandle lwaseSargasso. Kunezinhlobo eziyi-10 ezivamile zobulembu, njenge-Latreutes shrimp, i-sargassensis anemone, umnenke iLithiopa noma izindiza i-minutus crab. Asikwazi ukwehluleka ukusho ukuthi le ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezimbalwa ze-eel ezizalela lapha, kweminye imikhomo noma izimfudu. Kafushane yindawo yokudala, yokufuduka neyokondla.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi nayo kayina kakhulu, ngakho-ke kukhona ukuhwamuka okuningi kunokufika kwamanzi. Kafushane ulwandle olunosawoti omningi nezakhi zomzimba ezimbalwa kakhulu. Kungalingana nogwadule olwandle. Inemikhawulo eguquguqukayo futhi kwenzeka okufanayo ngokujula kwayo, okubhaliswe cishe ngamamitha ayi-150 ezindaweni ezithile kepha kufinyelela kwezinye eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-7.
Kodwa kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi ulwandle olunjalo lwakhiwe maphakathi noLwandle i-Atlantic? SKwakhiwa izinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba ezenzeka kuqweqwe lolwandle olungasekho, iTethys. Uyayikhumbula iPangea enamandla amakhulu? Yebo, ukuqhekeka okukulo, okutholakala phakathi kwamazwekazi aseAfrika naseNyakatho Melika, kwakha isikhala lapho amanzi avela eTethys aphela khona, akha ingxenye yeNorth Atlantic Ocean yamanje. Lokhu kugijime eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-100 edlule.
Kamuva, lapho uGondwana ephuka eMiddle Cretaceous, iNingizimu ye-Atlantic yazalwa. Ngesikhathi se-Cenozoic Era ulwandle lwandisa imingcele yalo futhi iziqhingi ezikhona yonke indawo zingumsebenzi omkhulu wentaba-mlilo owawubonisa impilo yasemhlabeni.
Ekugcineni, Ngabe kukhona okuthile okusongela uLwandle lweSargasso? Indoda, mhlawumbe? Uthole kahle! Imodeli yethu yokuthuthuka komnotho ngokususelwa ekukhiqizweni njalo kwempahla nokusetshenziswa kwayo kuyakhiqiza basura futhi udoti, empeleni, osongela ulwandle. Ukungcola kwamakhemikhali, udoti wepulasitiki kanye nokuhamba nje okulula kwezikebhe kuphazamisa kakhulu uhlelo lwezinto eziphilayo zoLwandle iSargasso. Ngisho nokuba kude nolwandlekazi.
Ngenhlanhla ngo-2014 kwasayinwa iSimemezelo SaseHamilton phakathi kwe-United Kingdom, iMonaco, i-United States, i-Azores Islands neBermuda ukuyivikela, kepha… kusazobonakala ukuthi ngabe yenziwe ngempela yini.