Uma kukhona izwekazi elihloniphekile, yi-Afrika. Ohloniphekile, onengcebo eningi nomlando omningi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, uphangiwe, ukhohliwe kakhulu. Iqiniso lase-Afrika belilokhu lisishaya futhi akekho obonakala enendaba nokuthola isixazululo esiqondile.
Eqinisweni, okuthiwa Uphondo lwase-Afrika ingenye yezifunda ezimpofu kakhulu emhlabeni. Abantu babulawa indlala, lapha lapho umuntu wabona ukuphila ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule.
uphondo lwe-Afrika
Yisifunda leso Itholakala emlonyeni woLwandle Olubomvu e-Indian Ocean., eNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia. Kuyinhlonhlo enkulu ukuthi namuhla ihlukaniswe ngokwezwe ibe amazwe amane: Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti kanye neSomalia. Ibhaphathizwe ngegama elithi "uphondo" ngoba inomumo othize ongunxantathu.
Umlando wezombangazwe wale ngxenye yezwekazi umatasatasa, awukho umbuso ozinzile wezombangazwe noma wezomnotho futhi lokho kungenxa yobukhona bamazwe angaphandle, ngaphambi nanamuhla. namuhla, ngoba Iyingxenye yomzila wamathangi kawoyela. Isibusiso noma isiqalekiso.
Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izingxabano ezilethwa indawo yayo enkulu ebalazweni lomhlaba, iqiniso liwukuthi isimo sezulu asisizi futhi kuvame ukuba nesomiso esikhulu esithinta kabi izimpilo zabantu Abantu abayizigidi eziyi-130 bahlala oPhondweni lwe-Afrika.
Umlando usitshela lokho kule ngxenye yezwekazi lase-Afrika uMbuso wase-Aksum wathuthukiswa phakathi kwekhulu lokuqala nelesi-XNUMX AD.. Yayazi indlela yokugcina ukushintshana kwezohwebo neNdiya kanye neMedithera futhi ngandlela thize kwakuyindawo yokuhlangana phakathi kwamaRoma kanye nezwekazi laseNdiya elikhulu nelicebile. Kamuva, ngokuwa koMbuso WamaRoma nokusabalala kobuSulumane, umbuso, owagcina uguqukele ebuKristwini, waqala ukuncipha.
Izinkinga nezingqinamba bekuyimali futhi kuyimali evamile lapha. Kuvamile ukukhuluma ngakho njalo Ethiopia lapho kubhekiselwa oPhondweni lwe-Afrika futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngaphezu kwama-80% abantu abahlala kuleli zwe. Yizwe lesibili elinabantu abaningi e-Afrika, ngemuva kweNigeria, futhi kuhlale kunezinkinga zezombangazwe eziye zaphela ngempi izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Futhi lokho kwenezelwa ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo ezivamile endaweni.
Ngokwezomnotho, i-Ethiopia izinikele ekulimeni ikhofi kanti ama-80% okuthengiswa kwayo kwamanye amazwe awela kulo mthombo. I-Eritrea ngokuyisisekelo iyizwe elizinikele kwezolimo nemfuyo; ISomalia ikhiqiza ubhanana nezinkomo kanti i-Djibouti ingumnotho wezinsiza.
Lo nyaka, 2022, iqoshwa oPhondweni lwe-Afrika isomiso esibi kakhulu kule minyaka engamashumi amane edlule. Kuthinta abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-15 emazweni amaningana. Abanawo amanzi ngemuva kwezinkathi ezine zemvula ezimbi kakhulu, futhi uma isimo siqhubeka kungenzeka ukuthi akuzona abantu abayizigidi ezingu-15 kodwa abangu-20 abazothintwa yilesi simo.
Ezokuvakasha oPhondweni lwe-Afrika
Ukuvakashela i-Horn of Africa kuyinto engenzeka futhi kukhona izinkambo eziya e-Ethiopia, eSomalia, e-Somaliland nase-Djibouti. ISomalia isihlukaniswe amashumi amabili eminyaka ngenxa yokungaqini kwayo okukhulu kwezombusazwe, kodwa isavunyelwe ukuhlela amaqembu amancane abavakashi enhlokodolobha. I-Somaliland iyindawo engaziwa umhlaba wonke, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi igcine inkululeko ye-de facto iminyaka engama-29. Ubumazi?
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, I-Djibouti ingelinye lamazwe amancane futhi aziwa kancane e-Afrika, enezintaba-mlilo ezithule, amachibi amahle namahlathi. Encane kodwa enhle, singasho. Kokubili i-Somaliland ne-Djibouti zisemaphethelweni ezwekazi lase-Afrika, ibanga lokuphonsa itshe ukusuka ogwini loLwandle Olubomvu.
Ngakho-ke ake sikhulume ngezinketho zokuhamba. Enye iwukuthatha uhambo lokubuka indawo oluqala ngo Djibouti ukuthola ubuhle be Ichibi Abbe, lapho abahambi bechitha khona ubusuku ogwini lwaleli chibi elinosawoti omningi amanzi alo ashintsha umbala, futhi lizungezwe amatshe amakhulu namangalisayo. Ukusuka lapha uhambo luyaqhubeka Ichibi Assal, indawo ephansi kunazo zonke ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle e-Afrika, lapho kuqoqwa khona usawoti. Futhi ukusuka lapho, uhambo uyaqhubeka ukuthola Indawo yokuhlala yase-Ottoman eTadjourah phezu kogu.
Ngemva kwalokho, uhambo luyaqhubeka lunqamule ogwadule lubheke ezindaweni ezinhle kakhulu nezinhle kakhulu Somaliland, izwe elihluke kakhulu kwelaseSomalia elingumakhelwane. Uma uthanda ubuciko bomhume, i-Las Geel izokushaya ingqondo yakho. Kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo emhlabeni futhi muhle. Futhi vakashela izakhiwo zomlando oLwandle Olubomvu, ku ichweba le-berbera. Inani labantu baleli zwe linobungane, lineminyango evulekile, ngakho abahambi bangahlola izimakethe zaseHargeisa, izintaba zeSheikh…
I-Somaliland isendleleni yayo, yasendle, ikhaya lemiphakathi eyimizulane futhi liye lashintsha kancane phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi akuyona eyawo wonke umuntu, kodwa uma ungumuntu othanda i-Afrika, indawo ongeke waphuthelwa kuyo emzileni wakho. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi kunokhetho olukhululekile njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.
Ngokwengxenye yakhe, uhambo oluya eSomalia igxile ekuchitheni izinsuku ezimbalwa Mogadishu, inhloko-dolobha kanye nedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke ezweni. Ngesinye isikhathi, phakathi kweminyaka yama-70s kanye nama-80s, ngaphambi kwempi yombango eyagqashuka ngo-1991, leli dolobha lalibhekwa njengelinye lamadolobha angcono kakhulu emhlabeni, elinezakhiwo zalo zasendulo, amabhishi alo amahle, ichweba lalo, inyunyana phakathi kwe-Afrika ne-Afrika. E-Asia… Ubizwa ngokuthi IPearl Elimhlophe yoLwandlekazi i-Indian futhi ungavakashela isigodlo sikamongameli, ithuna laseJubek futhi ukhulume nabafundi basenyuvesi baseNyuvesi yaseJuba.
Enye indawo kungaba I-Puntland, izwe elimenyezelwe elizimele laseSomalia esenyakatho-mpumalanga yezwe elizibiza ngeRiphabhulikhi yaseSomaliland esikhulume ngayo ngaphambili. I-Puntland noma i-Puntland yayiyingxenye ye-Italian Somalia ngezikhathi zamakholoni, kodwa ngo-1998, yenza isinqumo sokuzimela. Vele isimo siyangqubuzana, kepha uma uthanda i-adventure ungahamba. Inogu olude noluhle, isimo sezulu esimnandi esifudumele namabhishi amahle. Iyakwazi ukufinyelela eGulf of Aden kanye noLwandlekazi i-Indian futhi inhle ukuhamba ngomkhumbi kodwa... kukhona abaphangi.
Futhi kuthiwani Ethiopia? Kuleli zwe elihle, abahambi bangahlangana I-Harar, Indawo Yamagugu Omhlaba, enezimpisi zasendle kanye nemigwaqo emidala, i-Dire Dawa Market esebenza ngaphakathi kwedolobha elidala elibiyelwe ngezindonga, futhi kunjalo, inhlokodolobha i-Addis Ababa.
Iqiniso yilokho namuhla ungavakashela i-Horn of Africa, wenze ezokuvakasha, uhlale usohambweni futhi ngokucophelela. Ukuvakasha okuqondisiwe kunemisebenzi yezokuphepha futhi ngicabanga ukuthi awukwazi ukucabanga ngenye indlela yokwazi le ngxenye ye-Afrika.