La vakashela isakhiwo i-Abu Simbel eningizimu yeGibhithe Kuwuhambo oluyisisekelo uma siya eholidini kuleli. Kuyisikhumbuzo uRamses II ayale ukuba sakhiwe futhi esisesimweni esihle sokongiwa kwemvelo. Njengoba kusendaweni ecashile, kwenziwa uhambo lokuyibona kuphela.
Si uzoya eGibhithe ungahle ufune ukwazi okuthe xaxa imininingwane yalamathempeli asendulo. Kukhona ezinye izifiso ezithakazelisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizokutshela ukuthi ungafika kanjani lapho nokuthi izivakashi ezenzeka kuleli thempeli zivame kangakanani, indawo ebalulekile futhi wonke umuntu okufanele ayibone.
Umlando ka-Abu Simbel
La mathempeli asendulo ayekhona kumbiwa ngqo edwaleni ngekhulu le-XNUMX BC. ka-C., ekubuseni kukaRamses II. Lesi sikhumbuzo sinikezelwe kunkosikazi walo faro, uNefertari, ukukhombisa amandla akhe kubantu baseNubian. IThempeli Elikhulu lalinikezelwe nasekukhulekeleni izithixo, zikaRamses uqobo, ngoba oFaro babezithatha njengonkulunkulu, baka-Amun, uRa noPtah. Eduze kwalaba nkulunkulu abathathu uRamses uqobo umelwe. Lo mhlangano wamiswa ngenhloso yokukhumbula ngasikhathi sinye impi yaseKadeshi namaHeti, lapho azishaya isifuba ngokunqoba leyompi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ezweni labo amaHeti aziqhayisa ngokufanayo emathempelini abo. Umphumela waba yisivumelwano sokuthula phakathi kwalaba bobabili. Ukwakhiwa kwaleli thempeli elimangalisayo kwaqala ngo-1284 BC. C. futhi yaphela eminyakeni engama-20 kamuva.
Este ithempeli yi-hypogeum, ithempeli lomngcwabo elambiwa edwaleni noma ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Futhi ingomunye kwabayisithupha abatholakala esifundeni saseNubian. Njenganoma yiliphi ithempeli nokwakhiwa, bekubuye kube nezinhloso zezepolitiki, ngoba izame ukuhlaba umxhwele amaNubiya nokubakholisa ngokubaluleka kwenkolo yaseGibhithe.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi itshe lesikhumbuzo lalikhohliwe, futhi isihlabathi samboza lezi zithombe kancane kancane. Yakhohlakala ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba ngekhulu le-XNUMX, lapho i- USwitzerland uJohann Ludwig Burckhardt owayithola. Kakade ngekhulu lama-200 umsebenzi onzima waqala ukusindisa izikhumbuzo ezazikhona kulesi sifunda futhi ezazibeka engcupheni yokunyamalala ngaphansi kwamanzi ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwedamu i-Aswan. La mathempeli adilizwa emabhuloki ahanjiswa ngamunye ngamunye ukushintsha indawo yawo yokuqala, amamitha ayi-65 ukusuka emfuleni futhi cishe ngamamitha angama-XNUMX ukuphakama. Lesi yisikhumbuzo esaziyo namuhla, noma singekho endaweni yokuqala. Kwakuwumsebenzi omuhle wobunjiniyela owaletha ochwepheshe abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba besebenza ngaphansi kwe-UNESCO.
Ungafika kanjani ku-Abu Simbel
Indawo yesikhumbuzo yase-Abu Simbel iseningizimu yeGibhithe, endaweni indawo esentshonalanga yeLake Nasser, Amakhilomitha angama-230 ukusuka edolobheni lase-Aswan. Lapho senza uhambo oluya eGibhithe siyabona ukuthi kunemikhumbi eminingi yokuhamba ngesikebhe eya edolobheni lase-Aswan, edlula edamini. Lezi zindawo zokuhamba ngomkhumbi ziyindlela ejwayelekile yokufika e-Abu Simbel. Isuka ekuseni e-Aswan ifike ngesikhathi lapho kungashisi kakhulu. Kwenziwa uhambo lwamabhasi. Ezikhathini eziningi uhambo lwenziwa futhi ubusuku buchithwa kwizakhiwo zabavakashi eziseduze nale ndawo.
Yini ongayibona ku-Abu Simbel
Kulesi sakhiwo esikhulu sinamathempeli amabili ahlukene, elinye linikezelwe konkulunkulu ababekhonzwa ngaleso sikhathi kanye noRamses II, naye owayethathwa njengonkulunkulu. Lokhu kwaziwa njenge IGreat Temple futhi inendawo engaphezulu kwamamitha angama-33 ukuphakama ngamamitha angama-38 ububanzi. Izithombe zihleli esihlalweni sobukhosi. Ezinyaweni zezithombe kukhona ezinye izibalo ezimele uNefertari, unkosikazi kafaro, umama wendlovukazi noma izingane zakhe. Ngaphakathi ungabona amakamelo wokuphakama okunciphayo, uze ufinyelele kwelokugcina, okuyindlu engcwele.
Ngaphandle kwalelo thempeli elikhulu yi Ithempeli elincane elinikezelwe kuNefertari, Unkosikazi kaFaro amthandayo. Le façade inezithombe eziyisithupha ezimile, ezine zeRamses nezimbili zeNefertari. Into enelukuluku ngalezi zithombe ukuthi zingobude obufanayo, into engajwayelekile, ngoba unkosikazi wayehlala emelelwa emncane. Lokhu kukhombisa ukubaluleka kwale nkosikazi kuRamses II. Leli futhi liyithempeli lesibili elinikezelwe ngofaro kunkosikazi wakhe. Owokuqala wanikezelwa ngu-Akhenaten kuNefertiti.
Izintshisakalo zethempeli
Ithempeli Elikhulu lakhiwa ngendawo ekhethekile. Ilanga lalibaluleke kakhulu koFaro. Yingakho kabili ngonyaka leli langa lingena ngqo egumbini elikhulu ekhanyisa imifanekiso kaRamses, uRa no-Amun. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoFebhuwari 21 nango-Okthoba 19, kuqondana nosuku lokuzalwa nokugcotshwa kukaFaro. Unkulunkulu uPtah, nokho, uhlala emathunzini, ngoba ungunkulunkulu oxhumene nabaphansi.