Izwe ngalinye noma isifunda ngasinye ezweni line ingubo ejwayelekile, ingubo yendabuko ehlanganisa umlando wabo, okungukuthi, ukubonakaliswa kwesiko, okuyiqiniso, okubandakanya izindaba nezinganekwane, umculo, isiko lezinto ezibonakalayo, amasiko omlomo.
Izambatho ezijwayelekile bese zithonywa ngumlando, i-geography, iqembu lesizwe noma isimo sezulu. Namuhla siya eNingizimu Melika ukuyozibuza, Iyini imvunulo ejwayelekile yaseVenezuela?
Venezuela
La I-Bolivarian Republic yaseVenezuela Ingelinye lamazwe akha iNingizimu Melika, enengxenye yezwekazi kanye nengxenye encane engaphakathi, oLwandle lweCaribbean nase-Atlantic Ocean. Imingcele yeColombia, iBrazil neGuyana.
Insimu ehlala iVenezuela namuhla yaqanjwa yiSpain kusuka ngo-1522, ngokumelana okukhulu nabantu baseMelika. Kepha ngo-1811 kwakungelinye lamakoloni okuqala ukufuna ukuzimela kwalo, into ayezoyizuza nakanjani ngo-1821. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva wahlukana unomphela nensimu eyaziwa ngokuthi iGran Colombia futhi kusukela lapho kuqhubeka izinxushunxushu ezehlukene zezombangazwe nezenhlalo ezalandela, lezo ezijwayelekile ezisendaweni efanele ukuhleleka.
Ikhulu lama-90 belikhungethwe yizinkinga zezepolitiki, ngeminyaka yama-XNUMX kwaba nemizamo yokugumbuqela umbuso, uhulumeni wezwe likaCarlos Andrés Pérez kanye nokuvela kwesibalo sika Hugo Chávez kuhambisana nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Bolivarian Revolution. Iqiniso lokuthi izwe linendawo eyodwa enkulu yokugcina uwoyela emhlabeni lihlala liyibeka enkabeni yezindaba nezingcindezi ezivela e-United States nakubambisene nabo, kudale inkinga ebabazekayo kwezenhlalo.
Imvunulo ejwayelekile yaseVenezuela
NjengeLatin America ngokujwayelekile, lapha konke kunombala, kepha empeleni, yize singakhuluma nge-a imvunulo ejwayelekile ejwayelekile, iqiniso ukuthi isudi It has ukuhlukahluka ngokusho izifunda zezwe. IVenezuela inezindawo eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuphatha ezombusazwe, i-Andes, iCapital, indawo eseCentral, iLlanos, iCentral-Western, iZuliana, iNortheast, iGuyana ne-Insular.
Isifunda ngasinye sinokuhlukahluka kwaso ngemvunulo ejwayelekile, ngaphandle kwalapho kunabaningi bomdabu bese kuthi okwehlukile kumakwe kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, imvunulo ejwayelekile yaseVenezuela yi-liqui liqui.
Emuntwini, i-liqui liqui yakhiwe nge ibhantshi elinemikhono emide, ukhololo ovaliwe futhi ubude futhi buqonde. Inamaphakethe esifubeni nangaphansi, ezansi, futhi ivalwa ngezinkinobho eziphakathi kweziyisihlanu nezithupha ngaphambili.
Amabhulukwe aqondile, enziwe ngendwangu efanayo nejakhethi engenhla, ngakho-ke imvamisa iyilineni. Imibala ejwayelekile kunazo zonke imhlophe futhi imnyama futhi kwakuyizembatho ezivamile ezazisetshenziswa amadoda ensimini noma, zihlanzekile, emihlanganweni ehlelekile ngokwengeziwe. Emakhanda abo amadoda agqoka i- isigqoko esimnyama eyaziwa ngokuthi "pelo e 'guama", nezicathulo izicathulo ezimnyama.
Yize i-liqui liqui iyingubo yesilisa kodwa ithandwa kakhulu leyo kukhona inguqulo yabesifazane, engasekho ngamabhulukwe kodwa eneziketi zobude obuhlukahlukene. Futhi yebo, kwesinye isikhathi abesifazane nabo bagqoka izigqoko futhi uma kungenjalo ukuhlelwa kwembali. Kepha uma sikhuluma imvunulo ejwayelekile yaseVenezuela yabesifazane ngakho sikhuluma ngengubo: ingubo enemibalabala izingcezu ezimbili.
Phezulu abesifazane baphatha i- Umbala ophrintiwe noma oqinile, ihembe elinemikhono emifushane, elinentamo evulekile futhi ububanzi, kanye nesiketi esifanayo, esingafinyelela emaqakaleni noma emadolweni. Kuya ngesifunda sezwe. Ngezinyawo abesifazane bathwala ucaphuna, izicathulo ezijwayelekile ezigqokwa abesilisa nabesifazane, noma ama-espadrilles. Kwesinye isikhathi izicathulo ezinezithende ezibanzi noma eziphakathi nazo ziyasetshenziswa. Ekhanda, umnsalo ophethe izinwele oqoqiwe.
Sikhulume ngaphambili ukuthi iVenezuela inezindawo eziningi. A) Yebo, endaweni yenhlokodolobha, iCaracas kanye nezifunda zaseVargas naseMiranda, enabantu abaningi abaphuma kubahlali baseSpain nezigqila ezimnyama, imvunulo icabanga ezinye izinhlobo.
Enhlokodolobha, abesifazane bagqoka imvunulo yendabuko ye- «Isalukazi», intokazi yakudala enengubo yesiketi ende nebanzi, isitayela saseYurophu, nezindwangu ezinhle, intambo, usilika. Ngezansi kwe- i-crinoline insimbi noma amaphethini endwangu aminyene anika indiza nevolumu engutsheni. Ekhanda, isigqoko, ezandleni, amagilavu kanye nesambulela esibucayi nesabesifazane.
Ngokwabo, abesilisa bagqoka isethi yebhantshi namabhulukwe avame ukwenziwa ngelineni elikhanyayo noma ukotini. Kwezinye izikhathi babegqoka i-bowtie noma uthayi nesigqoko sotshani, kwesinye isikhathi uswazi.
Njengoba sisuka enhlokodolobha amasiko awahlelekile kangako futhi lokho kubonakala nokwehluka kwemvunulo ejwayelekile futhi. EMiranda, ngokwesibonelo, abesifazane bagqoka iziketi ezibanzi ziye emadolweni, zinezimpawu zembali, ihembe eligugile namahlombe angenalutho namakhakhasi anemibala. Amadoda aqoqwa ngejakhethi nebhulukwe lekhakhi, agoqeka.
E-Vargas, indawo esogwini oluphakathi nendawo, njengoba isetshenziselwa ukudlala izigubhu, imvunulo yabesifazane yaguqulwa yahambisana nesidingo sabo sokuhambisa izingalo nokudansa kangcono. Lapho-ke ihembe liboshelwe okhalweni futhi isiketi asisakwazi ukundiza. Ngokwabo, amadoda agqoka ihembe elimhlophe futhi bonke bahamba bengafakile zicathulo.
Ku Isifunda saseLos Llanos, ziphi izifundazwe zaseGuárico, Barinas nase-Apure, ingubo ka llanero iyabusa, ithandwa kakhulu ezweni lonke. Okungukuthi, Yizwe likamanzi we-liqui ngokwenza kahle. Isitayela nokuhlobisa kuyahluka ngokuya ngomcimbi, ngakho-ke zingaba lula noma zihlelwe ngokwengeziwe.
Izifundazwe zaseMérida, iTáchira neTrujillo zakha i- Isifunda sase-Andean, esinamazinga okushisa abandayo. Ngakho-ke abesifazane bayathwala iziketi ezinde, ezigcwele ezinamapitikoti afudumele, ikakhulukazi abamnyama. Ihembe limhlophe, linemikhono emide, kanti ngaphezulu bagqoka ilineni noma ijakhethi kakotini. Ekhanda isikhafu futhi kuso isigqoko futhi okuphambene nalokho uma besebenza emasimini.
Imvunulo ejwayelekile yabesilisa esifundeni sase-Andes iqukethe ilineni noma ukotini, ukhilimu noma ibhulukwe elimhlophe nejakhethi, ene- uluya wezimvu oluhlaza ukuze uzivikele emakhazeni. Ama-espadrilles ezinyaweni nesigqoko sotshani ekhanda, ibhande lesikhumba elibanzi elinamaphakethe, elungele ukugcina imali nokugawula ucelemba nesikhwama. Konke kusebenza kakhulu.
Esifundazweni saseZulia, imvunulo ejwayelekile inezimpande zabantu bomdabu eyayiphethe futhi isaphethe insimu yaseGuajira, ezinhlangothini zombili zokwamukela iColombia. Ingubo yabesifazane ingubo yokulala ye-guajira, uhlobo lwengubo eqondile nebanzi kakotini, ngemibala egqamile namaphethini. Kwesinye isikhathi intamo iyindilinga, kwesinye isikhathi imise okwe-V, kepha noma ngabe ithini leyo mininingwane, bonke banentambo yokudonsa okhalweni.
Ezinyaweni abesifazane baseZulia bagqoka izimbadada ezihlotshiswe ngazo imibala ehlukahlukene yoboyaYebo, kuyefana nezikhwama eziphathwe isikhathi eside noma amaribhoni ezinweleni, ahlanganisa ingxenye yebunzi. Imvamisa bafaka imigexo, imicibisholo yomndeni ezuzwe njengefa phakathi kwabesifazane bomndeni. Futhi amadoda?
Isudi yesilisa ayigqamile kodwa ilula: bagqoka i- loincloth ukumboza izitho zangasese futhi kutheyiphu eliyiphethe uyahluza amabhola anemibala. Abagqoki ihembe bahamba nalo i-torso enqunu yize sekunesikhathi abanye begqoka iflannel emhlophe. Baphatha nesikhwama esilukiwe sokugcina ukudla kanye nommese. Ekhanda isigqoko esizwakala nasezinyaweni, izimbadada ezilula zesikhumba. Uma umcimbi kungokwesiko, bangagqoka i-plume.
Futhi kuthiwani ngeziqhingi? Iyini imvunulo ejwayelekile yaseVenezuela esifundeni sesiqhingi? Abesifazane bagqoka i- gqoka ngesiketi esibanzi nama-ruffles, emhlabathini. Ziyizicucu eziyisikhombisa zikakotini onemibala, kwesinye isikhathi ziqhakaza, ezithungwa zilandelana ngentambo noma ngentambo yesatin. I-blouse inemikhono engu-3/4 enamaribhoni amaningi njengemihlobiso, izinkinobho zombala ofanayo nesiketi nentamo ephezulu. Izibopho eziningi zisezinweleni zakhe.
Ngokwengxenye yayo amadoda anebhulukwe elimhlophe afike emadolweni, nehembe elinombala ofanayo noma obomvu, ngaphandle kokhololo. Kwesinye isikhathi amabhulukwe angaba mnyama noma abe yi-khaki. Isigqoko senziwe ngotshani futhi bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane bagqoka ama-espadrilles ngawedwa.
Ku Guyana, isifunda esakha izifundazwe zeDelta Amacuro, iBolívar neAmazonas, imvunulo yabesifazane iyi- isiketi esinemibala eminingi nezimbali, maphakathi nomlenze, nehembe elimhlophe, imigexo nebhande. Ngokwabo, amadoda agqoka amabhulukwe amhlophe nehembe elinemibala imigexo enemibala futhi. Amadoda ezinye izizwe ahamba engenalutho ezifubeni.
Izifundazwe zaseYaracuy, ePortuguesa, eFalcón naseLara zakha i- Isifunda Esimaphakathi Nesentshonalanga, kodwa Azinayo imvunulo eyodwa ejwayelekile kepha zimbalwa njengoba ngasinye salezi zifundazwe sinomlando oqinile nowomuntu siqu. Kunoma ikuphi, amabhulukwe e-khaki, iziketi ezinezimbali, ama-blouses anemibala, izigqoko (kwesinye isikhathi utshani, kwesinye isikhathi umoba) ziyaphindwa. Isudi yotshwala ivele ngisho naseYaracuy.
Kwenzeka into efanayo, ekugcineni, ku- Isifunda saseNyakatho-mpumalanga nesifunda esimaphakathi. Mhlawumbe umehluko ungabonwa kuphela ngabantu baseVenezuela ngokwabo, kepha ngokuvamile, njengoba uzobona, imvunulo ejwayelekile yaseVenezuela igcwele imibala.