Enye yamamnyuziyamu abaluleke kakhulu futhi avakashelwa kakhulu emhlabeni yi- IMuseo Nacional del Prado, eMadrid. Awukwazi ukuya enhlokodolobha yaseSpain futhi ungathathi uhambo lwalo mnyuziyamu omkhulu, ngaphandle kokungabaza, obaluleke kakhulu, uma kungenjalo obaluleke kakhulu, ngokwemibandela umdwebo waseYurophu.
Inezinkulungwane zezinto, okuhlanganisa imidwebo, imidwebo, imibhalo, imifanekiso eqoshiwe, izikhali, izinhlamvu zemali, izindondo, izincwadi, amamephu... Uma sicabanga-ke ngamaqoqo ayo amahle, namuhla sizobona ukuthi bheka ePrado Museum ukusizakala ngokuvakasha.
I-Prado Museum
Umnyuziyamu usebenza esakhiweni esihle leso yayakhiwe ekuqaleni ukuthi ibe yiKhabhinethi yaseNdlunkulu yoMlando Wezemvelo, ngezikhathi zeNkosi uCarlos III noCarlos IV. Ngaphambi kokuba ikwazi ukusebenza, iSpain yahlaselwa yiFrance futhi ngemva kweMpi Yenkululeko konke eyayinakho kwasala kuyincithakalo. Kwaba kamuva kuphela, ngezikhathi zikaFernando VII no-Isabel de Braganza, lapho umsebenzi wokulungisa waqala khona.
Ngakho-ke, ngo-1819, kwazalwa iRoyal Museum of Paintings, igqugquzelwa iLouvre, yaba enye indawo encike kakhulu eGugu Lomqhele. Ukulingana nesicoco kuphelile e 1868 lapho u-Elizabeth II ekhishwa esihlalweni futhi isakhiwo nokuqoqwa kwaso kwaba Impahla Yesizwe. Umnyuziyamu waqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iNational Museum of Painting and Sculpture kwaze kwaba ngu-1929, unyaka lapho ekugcineni wathola khona igama esiwazi ngalo: i-Museo Nacional del Prado.
Kusukela lapho waqala ukunothisa amaqoqo akhe, evela kweminye iminyuziyamu ehlakaziwe, ezikhungweni zikahulumeni nezizimele futhi ngezinye izikhathi emahhovisi enxusa namanxusa emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa inhlanhla yomnyuziyamu ihambisane neyezwe: ukutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kombuso, iMpi Yombango, i-boom yezokuvakasha ephonsela inselelo izakhiwo zayo nezinye. Kakade ngekhulu lama-2005 imnyuziyamu yathola imali futhi imisebenzi phakathi kuka-2007 no-XNUMX yayinika indawo enkulu efanele.
Yini ongayibona ePrado Museum
Singaqala ngemisebenzi ye Diego Velazquez Ngakho iqoqo lihle. Ingcweti enkulu yaseSeville, omunye wabadwebi abahle kakhulu baseSpain besikhathi sonke, umelelwe kahle lapha.
Ethonywe ubuciko base-Italy kanye noFlemish, owaziwa ngokungenzi imidwebo eminingi noma izifundo zokuqala, ubuciko bakhe buyingqayizivele futhi akuvamile ngesikhathi sako. Lapha ePrado Museum kufanele ubone I-Las Meninas, Ukunqoba kukaBacchus, uKristu Obethelwe, i-Las Hilanderas, ukuzinikela eBreda noma i-Apollo eForge of Volcano. I-Las Meninas ngokungangabazeki ingumsebenzi wakhe wobuciko, isithombe seNkosazana Margarita nezintombi zakhe okuthi, lapho umuntu esondela futhi ebukeka kangcono, azuza ubunkimbinkimbi yonke indawo.
Francis Goya nayo ibalulekile lapha. UGoya, ovela edolobhaneni lase-Aragonese elinesizotha, waba umculi obaluleke kakhulu esizukulwaneni sakhe, nakuba iminyaka yakhe yokugcina wayichitha ekudingisweni. Kodwa iPrado inemisebenzi yayo eminingi.
Ungakwazi landela indlela yakhe kusukela ezithombeni zakhe zakuqala, ezisebenzayo kuye kwakamuva, emisebenzini yakhe edabukisayo. lapha ungabona Umndeni kaCarlos IV, i-Naked Maja kanye ne-Clothed Maja, ngoMeyi 2 no-3, 1808, i-Black Paintings. Lo msebenzi wokugcina uyamangalisa, udwetshwe ngqo odongeni lwendlu yakhe emaphethelweni eMadrid, ngasekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, lapho edangele osopolitiki nomphakathi.
La ukuqoqwa kwe- Ubuciko be-Flemish, ephuma endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi iBelgium neNetherlands kodwa ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyingxenye yoMbuso Wase-Austro-Hungary, nayo imelelwa kahle kakhulu. Eqinisweni, i-Prado inomunye walezi amaqoqo ahamba phambili obuciko be-Flemish emhlabeni.
Nali iqoqo elihle kakhulu Rubens futhi of Hieronymus Bosch, van der Weyden noma Rembrandt. Ngalo mqondo, awukwazi ukuphuthelwa yi-Bosch, Insimu Yezinto Ezijabulisayo Zasemhlabeni, Ukwehla Kwesiphambano, ka-Rogier van der Weyden, ka-Peter Paul Rubens, Ukuzalwa Kwe-Milky Way kanye Nezibusiso Ezintathu, kanye no-Rembrandt, u-Artemis. Ingadi Yezinto Ezijabulisayo Zasemhlabeni iyamangalisa, ibukeka njengenganekwane yesayensi futhi bathi kungenzeka ibe ugqozi lwe-surrealism ka-Dalí.
La Iqoqo lobuciko base-Italy Ibalulekile. Abaculi base-Italy bebelokhu bebalulekile emaqoqweni obukhosi baseSpain. Masikhumbule ukuthi uCarlos V waletha uTitian esuka eVenice enkantolo, noma indlela uFelipe IV athumela ngayo uVelazquez e-Italy ukuze athenge imisebenzi ukuze andise iqoqo lakhe. Ithonya lale misebenzi lathatha amakhulu eminyaka futhi lathonya ubuciko baseSpain.
Ngalo mqondo, imisebenzi ongeke uyeke ukuyincoma yile I-Annunciation, of UFra Angelico, of UTiziano, the Isithombe se-Equestrian sikaCarlos V kanye noVenus no-Adonis, kusukela Rafael, I-Annunciation, Ishawa Yegolide kanye Nokwamukela Kwe-Danaë. Isithombe samahhashi sishaya ihlombe, siwumsebenzi wobuciko.
Kuze kube manje sikhulume ngemisinga evamile, kodwa yimiphi eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile esingayibona? Kulungile, imnyuziyamu inamagugu kanye namanye amagugu afihliwe futhi. Uma uthanda ubuciko futhi unesikhathi, ungangabazi ukucabanga UKristu ofile esekelwa ingelosi, ngo-Antonella, UmKhadidi, nguRaphael, eyadwetshwa cishe ngo-1513, UCharles IV nomndeni wakhe, nguGoya, the Isithombe sikaPhilip II, kusukela ekhulwini le-XNUMX kanye eyenziwe ngowesifazane, u-Anguissola, isiNtaliyane siyiswe eSpain nguMbusi wase-Alba njengenkosikazi elinde indlovukazi.
Umsebenzi wakhe kwathiwa wawenza kwaze kwaba ngu-1990! Phakathi kwamanye amagugu afihliwe ungabona Igugu Lehlengethwa, uchungechunge lwe imikhumbi yokuhlobisa eyalethwa nguPhilip V evela eVersailles. Yayingaphansi komnyuziyamu isikhathi eside, kodwa namuhla inendawo yokuhlonipha eNkunzini yaseNyakatho yophiko lweGoya, esakhiweni saseVillanueva. Lezi zingcezu zenziwe ngengilazi, izinsimbi namatshe ayigugu futhi zinhle futhi ziwubukhazikhazi.
I-Immaculate Conception Kungumsebenzi osuka ekhulwini le-XNUMX, owathunywa iNkosi uCarlos III ukuba I-Tiepolo esontweni lakhe e-Aranjuez, ngo-1767. Lapha iNcasakazi uMariya ibonakala ingowesifazane onamandla futhi ongaqinile, onobuntu namandla. Ngokuphambene nendlela evame ukumelwa ngayo. Omunye umdwebo omuhle Isithombe sika-Josefa Manzanedo, eyenziwe nguRaimundo de Madrazo, evela emndenini wamaciko.
UMadrazo uvela emndenini onezizukulwane ezine zabadwebi, futhi nakuba ngesinye isikhathi imisebenzi yakhe yaphelelwa yimfashini, empeleni ingeyeqophelo eliphezulu! Futhi lesi sithombe siyisibonelo: i-marchioness kanye nomhambi e-Paris, naleyo ngubo kanye nalolo donga ngemuva, olugcwele izimbali, luyamangalisa.
Ngokuyisisekelo, bhala le datha: Ungathola imisebenzi eyinhloko kaTitian noRubens phakathi kwamakamelo 25 no-29; lezo zeRenaissance phakathi kwamakamelo 49 kanye nama-58; ezakwa-El Greco nezakwaVelázquez, phakathi kwe-8 ne-12; UGoya kanye neMidwebo yakhe Emnyama emakamelweni angu-32, 36 no-67.
Imininingwane ewusizo:
- Amahora okuvula: NgoMsombuluko kuya ngoMgqibelo kuvulwa kusukela ngo-10 ekuseni kuya ku-8pm. NgeSonto, January 1, May 1 noDecember 25, kusukela ngo-10 ekuseni kuya ku-7pm; NgoJanuwari 6 noDisemba 24 no-31, kusukela ngo-10 ekuseni kuya ku-2 ntambama.
- Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuvakashela kuntambama. Cabanga ngamahora amathathu ohambo.