Mongolia. Igama kuphela elisisa ngokushesha emazweni akude futhi angaqondakali, ngentelezi yeminyaka eyizinkulungwane. Izwe elikhulu, elingavinjelwe, ngokwesibonelo, liphindwe kathathu ubukhulu beFrance.
Njengoba iRussia neChina kungomakhelwane, inezahluko zomlando wayo ezimnandi, futhi uma ungeza izingqimba zamanoveli kulokho-ke akukho kungabaza ukuthi kufanele ukuba ohlwini lwakho lwezindawo zokuvakasha. Ake sibone namuhla ongakubona eMongolia ukuthandana.
Mongolia
Inamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-3 we umngcele neRussia, enyakatho, futhi cishe amakhilomitha angu-4.700 XNUMX neChina eningizimu. Kusuka komunye umkhawulo kuye komunye iMongolia kungahlukaniswa kube izingxenye ezine, i-steppe, izintaba, i-steppe enezintaba, kanye nezingwadule.
Mongolia usezingeni le-19 ohlwini lwamazwe amakhulu emhlabeni, enamakhilomitha-skwele angaphezulu kwesigidi nengxenye ngaphezulu. Kuhlala abantu abambalwa, hhayi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-1, phakathi kwamaMongol nezinye izinhlanga. Ingxenye ihlala ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni. Izwe lihlukaniswe izifundazwe ezingama-3 futhi inhloko-dolobha yayo idolobha lase-Ulaanbaatar.
Ngesikhathi ulimi olusemthethweni yiMongolian, ulimi lwesibili oludume kakhulu isiRashiya. Izinkolo? Ingxenye yiBuddhist kanti ama-40% angamaProthestani. Indlela yabo yokuphila ngokwesiko iyahambahamba njengoba umnotho wezwe ubelokhu ulima kanye nokwelusa. Ngokusobala namhlanje akunjalo, kepha nasemadolobheni kukhona ngokuhlanganyela, umphakathi, indlela yokuphila yeqembu.
AmaMongol ane- isixhumanisi esisondelene kakhulu nobuBuddha baseTibet, yize kwakungokuwa kweSoviet Union kuphela lapho bakwazi khona ukukwenza futhi ngokukhululeka. Kuwo wonke umlando, amandla eTibet abelokhu ethembele ngandlela-thile ezizweni zaseMongolia ukuze zizondle.
Ekugcineni, iMongolia izwe lesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza, nelanga eliningi cishe izinsuku ezingama-250 zokukhanya kwelanga ngonyaka. Amahlobo ayashisa kanti ubusika buyabanda, ngakho-ke qaphela ukuya phakathi kukaNovemba noMashi njengoba izinga lokushisa lingakumisa.
Yini ongayibona eMongolia
Sihlukanisa izwe ngokuyisisekelo ezifundeni ezinhlanu: entshonalanga, enyakatho, maphakathi, empumalanga naseningizimu. Maphakathi nenhlokodolobha, isango elijwayelekile eliya eMongolia: Ulaanbaatar noma i-Ulaanbaatar. Kusesigodini futhi umfula uwelele kuso, ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1300 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Kuyinto inhliziyo kanye nezimboni zezwe kanye ne-node ohlelweni lukazwelonke lwezokuthutha. Nasi isikhumulo sezindiza iGenghis Khan International kanye nesiteshi sesitimela lapho I-Transmongolian, isitimela esiwela izwe sisuka enyakatho siye eningizimu futhi sixhuma neTrans-Siberian edolobheni laseChina iJining.
Yasungulwa ngo-1639 njengabantu abakholwayo futhi namuhla kunokucaca umbhalo wamaKhomanisi ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo. Eqinisweni, kuncane ukwakhiwa okusasele ngaphambi kweMpi Yesibili, kufaka phakathi izindlu zezindela ezimbalwa ezivela ngekhulu le-XNUMX: iDambadarjaalin neDaschoilin, i IBogd Khan Winter Palace, i-History Museum, i-Art Museum… Kwenye inkathi kwakukhona izigodlo eziningi kodwa kwasala eyodwa kuphela, eyasebusika, esibe yindawo yokugcina amagugu yombuso wokugcina waseMongolia futhi eyinkimbinkimbi enhle enamathempeli ayisithupha.
Inhliziyo yomuzi yi Isikwele Sukhbaatar, ngesifanekiso sakhe samahhashi uDamdin Sukbaatar (lapho kulapho kuthiwe ikhophi lalokhu okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla lachama ngoJulayi 8, 1921 maphakathi nomhlangano weRed Army. isithombe esikhulu sikaGenghis Khan ne-Avenida Paz, okuyiyona eyinhloko edolobheni.
ICoijin Lama Monastery iyigugu elisuselwa ku-1908 futhi njengoba yaphendulwa indawo yokugcina amagugu ngonyaka we-1942 yaphunyuka ekubhujisweni kwezindela zezikhathi zobukhomanisi. Isakhiwo saseGandan ngomunye umcebo wenhlokodolobha, owakhiwa ngekhulu le-26, nesithombe saso esidumile segolide sikaMigdij Janraisig, ibhodhisattva ehlonishwa kakhulu eBuddhism, engamamitha angama-XNUMX ukuphakama.
Kusuka e-Ulaanbaatar kunezinkambo eziningi kungenzeka kwezinsuku ezahlukahlukene zesikhathi. Ungaya ku- U-Terej, ukubona i- Umkhosi weNaadam, a hustay noma ukujabulela imvelo emapaki kazwelonke eGorkhi - Terej nase de I-Bogd khan noma iziqiwi zemvelo zeGun Galuut noma iKhustai.
Ku maphakathi neMongolia okunye ukuvakasha okungenzeka ukwenza a I-Gobi Desert safari, ukuvakasha kwezindela zamaBuddha, noma ukuhamba emachibini ayisishiyagalombili, noma ukugibela amahhashi noma, uma ikhalenda ifana, bamba iqhaza komunye wemikhosi emibalabala ne-folkloric efana Umkhosi we-Yak noma lokhu okukhulunywe ngenhla, iNaadam.
El eningizimu yeMongolia Iphinde inikeze ugwadule lwaseGobi kepha ingeza i-Eagle Valley, izindunduma zaseKhongor, amaFlaming Cliffs, iSum Khukh Burd oasis, i-Ongi Temple kanye ne-White stupa. Isigodi Sokhozi, Yol Am, inganono Imincane ngomfula ogeleza ngentaba iZuun Saikhan, cishe amakhilomitha angama-62 enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeDalanzagdad, enkabeni yesifundazwe saseNingizimu Gobi. Ebusika inezilimi zeqhwa kanti umhosha onamadwala awo unikeza izindawo ezinhle kakhulu.
Indunduma yesihlabathi enkulu kunazo zonke eMongolia yiKhongor Els, enobude obungamakhilomitha ayi-180 naphakathi kwamamitha ayi-15 nangu-20 ukuphakama nobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-800. Kuyingxenye yogwadule futhi kukhona ne-oasis eduzane noMfula iKhongor, enyakatho yedune. Emoyeni, isihlabathi sizwakala ngendlela esikukhumbuza injini yendiza ...
Ngokwengxenye yayo, i I-Flaming Cliff noma i-Bayanzag, isingathe okubalulekile ukutholwa kwe-paleontological. Lapha ngo-1923 isidleke sokuqala samaqanda ama-dinosaurs kubonakala emhlabeni wonke. I- ISum Khukh oasis Ingumcebo, nesigodlo sayo sezindela saseMongolia esiqhingini esincane eBurd Lake. I-Tsagaan Suvarga, eyaziwa njenge-stupa emhlophe, iyidwala elingamamitha ayi-100 ububanzi eliqoshwe umoya izinkulungwane zeminyaka.
La Isifundazwe saseNtshonalanga Mongolia umhlaba wezinkozi ngakho-ke kuyisiphetho uma uthanda lezi zinyoni. Umkhosi omuhle uyenzeka lapha, i Umkhosi we-Altai Golden Eagle, Futhi kuhlala kunikezwa okuhle kakhulu kohambo izinhlangano zezokuvakasha ezinazo endaweni. Intshonalanga-ke izwe lamachibi afriziwe.
Enyakatho, ungavakashela intaba-mlilo engasekho yentaba yase-Uran, Ngamamitha angu-600 ububanzi nokujula okungama-50 nechibi layo elincane elingaba amamitha angama-20 ububanzi. Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-60 bekuyindawo evikelekile nenhle, enamahlathi namabhere aluhlaza, izinyamazane namadada. Ngasenyakatho futhi kunethempeli elikhulu lamaBuddhist, ncamashi u-360 km ukusuka enhlokodolobha. Yakhiwa ngekhulu le-27 futhi iqukethe amathempeli amancane angama-XNUMX. nguyena Isigodlo sase-Amarbayasgalant.
Inyakatho nayo iyikhaya Imindeni engama-30 yama-Tsaatan ayimizulane, abelusi bezinyamazane ezibomvu, izinkolo zaseshameni namasiko okhokho, kanye nechibi elikhulu nelijulile ezweni, Ichibi laseHuvsgul. Leli chibi futhi liyisici esiyinhloko somunye omkhulu, iLake Baikal. Lijule kakhulu, lizungezwe izintaba namahlathi kanti indawo ezungezile ihlukile kunendawo ejwayelekile yezwe. Inemifudlana engu-90 nomfula owodwa oyikhiphayo, i-Egiin Gol, okuyiyona efinyelela eSiberia, iye ngqo eBaikal.
Ekugcineni, I-Eastern Mongolia yindawo lapho kwazalelwa khona umlingiswa wayo odume kakhulu: uGenghis Khan. Kuzo UDeluun Boldog futhi lapha kusukela ngo-1962 kunesithombe esikhulu esikhumbula iminyaka engama-800 yokuzalwa kwakhe. amazwe omdabu weKhan enkulu aqukethe i- IKhan Khentii Mountain National Park, enezindawo eziningi ezibalulekile zamasiko, ezinamahlathi, ihlathi namathafa asezintabeni. Luhlobo lwesikhumbuzo semvelo sesizwe futhi I-UNESCO isimemezele njengendawo eyiGugu Lomhlaba.
Cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-45 ukusuka eBatshireey soum kunodonga lwasendulo, olulondolozwe kahle, olubizwa nge- Udonga Lwasendulo, okukholakala ukuthi yakhiwe ku- Ikhulu leshumi nantathu leminyaka futhi eduze kwawo kutholakale amathuna angama-60 ezibalo ezibalulekile zaseMongolia. Mhlawumbe ngisho noGenghis Khan. Okunye okuhlobene naye yi- IChibi i-HugNurr, lapho ngo-1189, igama likaGenghis Khan lanikezwa uTemuujin osemusha, ukuba amenze inkosi yamaMongol.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kulokho engikukhulumile nezithombe ezikule ndatshana, iMongolia izwe lobuhle bemvelo obungenakulibaleka. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuya, ngeke uzisole. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthanda ukuhamba nge-adventure noma indaba yabanqobi baseMongolia kukudonsile. Uhambo oluhle!