El Gothic Shi ne salon da na fi so. Wataƙila ina son duk abin da ke da alaƙa da Tsakiyar Tsakiya da waɗancan labarun sarakuna, jarumai da mata ... Gothic gine Na same shi sihiri, kyakkyawa, kamar gada tsakanin mutum da allahntaka.
Kuma don jin daɗin wannan salon gine-ginen babu wani abu da ya fi cathedrals, shi ya sa nake gayyatar ku ku ziyarta Mafi kyawun Gothic Cathedrals a Spain.
Gothic art
Yana da salon fasaha wanda ya samo asali a lokacin ƙarshen tsakiyar zamanai, kusan tsakiyar karni na XNUMX. A zahiri za mu iya cewa an haife shi tare da Cathedral na Saint Denis, a Faransa, da kuma cewa Ya kasance har zuwa karni na XNUMX.
An haife shi a Faransa amma ya yadu a ko'ina cikin Yamma kuma, dangane da kasar, yana yin haka a cikin shekaru daban-daban da kuma salo daban-daban wadanda suka shafi kasashe ko yankuna. Ya yi daidai da haihuwar garuruwa, bourgeoisie da jami'o'i, amma kuma tare da bayyanar sabbin umarni na addiniOses kamar Franciscans, Dominicans ko Cistercians.
Gothic ya bar fasahar Romanesque a baya kuma Cathedrals shine babban aikinsa: babba, tsayi, con da kyau luz, baka mai nuni, wani ribbed vault, Gishiri mai tashi sama, ginshiƙai masu salo, manyan mutane, mutum-mutumi, kayan kwalliya kuma babba tagogin tashi da tabo.
Mutanen Espanya Gothic ya yi nasara a ƙarshen zamanai na tsakiya, y Yana farawa da tsoro, yana haɗuwa da farko tare da gine-ginen Romanesque. EGothic mai tsarki ya shiga Spain tare da hanyar aikin hajji na Camino de Santiago, a cikin karni na XNUMX, kuma lokacin ne aka fara gina wasu manyan majami'u na Gothic a cikin masarautar.
Lokacin magana game da Gothic na Mutanen Espanya, yawanci ana yin rarrabuwa na salon: magana game da "Gothics daban-daban." Wato, da farkon gothic daga karni na XNUMX, da cikakken gothic daga karni na XNUMX, daga baya Mudejar Gothic, daga karni na XNUMX zuwa na XNUMX, da Levantine Gothic, a cikin XIV, da Valencian Gothic, a cikin XIV da XV, da Catalan Gothic, da marigayi gothic na karni na XNUMX, da Elizabethan Gothic daga karni na XNUMX da plataresco na wannan karni.
Bari mu gani yanzu mafi kyau Gothic Cathedrals a Spain.
Babban cocin Burgos
Ga mutane da yawa, mafi kyawun cocin Gothic a Spain shine Cathedral na Burgos. An aza harsashin ginin a watan Yuli 1221 tare da kasancewar masu tallata shi, Ferdinand II na Castile da Bishop Mauricio. Kusan 1240 ne aka karbe ragamar aikin Jagora Enrique, Faransanci, kuma an ce sda kuma wahayi daga Reims Cathedral.
Ginin bai yi jinkiri ba kuma zuwa 1238, Bishop Mauricio ya riga ya mutu, an binne gawarsa a cikin presbytery da ayyukan da ke kan transept, naves na gefe da kuma Chancel sun ci gaba sosai. Don haka, A cikin 1260 za a iya tsarkake haikalin kuma ci gaba da gine-gine a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.
Don haka, Cathedral na Burgos ya zama katon haikali mai gawa uku sama da hasumiya ta gefe biyu tare da tsarin bene mai murabba'i. A cikin karni na XNUMX buɗaɗɗen allura sun bayyana. Daga karni na XNUMX akwai facade na Coronería da Sarmental, kuma daga karni na XNUMX kuma tare da tasirin Plataresque da Renaissance shine facade na Pellejería. Tafiya a cikin babban cocin wani abu ne da ba za ku rasa ba yayin ziyartar Burgos.
Babban cocin Burgos Tun daga 1984 ya kasance abin tunawa na kasa da Tarihin Duniya tun XNUMX. don haka kasancewarta ita kaɗai ce ke da irin wannan bambance-bambance domin ba ta da alaƙa da wata cibiya mai sarƙaƙƙiya ko mai tarihi.
Leon Cathedral
Haikalin An fara gina shi a shekara ta 1205 amma daga farko yana da matsalolin tushe tun lokacin da aka gina shi akan rugujewar Rum, kuma ayyukan sun tsaya kuma sun sake farawa bayan shekaru hamsin, a ƙarƙashin mulkin Alfonso X mai hikima. Bayan haka, bayan lokaci, a lokuta da yawa sun sake yin wasu ayyuka don magance matsalolin da suka ci gaba da bayyana.
Cathedral ne gothic sosai kuma yana da alama cewa maginin sa shine Jagora Enrique wanda ya ba da rayuwa ta farko ga Cathedral Burgos. Yana da kyau a cikin gine-ginen Gothic na Faransa, ginin yana ɗauke da sa hannun sa. Amma Enrique ya mutu a shekara ta 1277 kuma Juan Pérez na Spain ya maye gurbinsa. iya iya An kammala ainihin tsarin haikalin da sauri, a cikin 1302, an kammala wasu ayyukan kawai a cikin karni na XNUMX.
Cathedral na León Yana tunatar da mu Cathedral na Reims, a Faransa.. Yana da babban wakilin Faransa Gothic kuma wannan yana tafiya tare da gaskiyar cewa birnin ya kasance a lokacin daya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan Camino de Santiago, wanda kuma ake kira. Hanyar Faransa tunda aka fara a kasar.
Yana da naves guda uku da magudanar ruwa, tsayin nave ɗin ya kai mita 90 da tsayin mita 30, yayin da tsuntsayen ke auna mita 15. An maye gurbin bangon dutse da buɗewa tare da gilashin tabo kuma wannan yana canza Cathedral na Burgos zuwa gini na ban sha'awa haske, masu launi da launuka saboda Gothic taga gilashin da aka yi da ƙananan lu'ulu'u masu launi waɗanda aka yi musu jagora.
Haikalin ya kasance ƙarƙashin imuhimman gyare-gyare a cikin karni na XNUMX saboda yana cikin mummunan yanayi, kuma waɗannan ayyukan sun ƙare a cikin 1901 tare da sake buɗewa ga jama'a. Gothic yana haskakawa a duk girmansa. Daga baya, an sami ƙarin gyare-gyare a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX da XNUMXst.
Toledo babban coci
Za a yi la'akari da ita Babban Gothic na Mutanen Espanya kuma gininsa kuma yana farawa a cikin Karni na XNUMX a karkashin mulkin Ferdinand III the Saint, amma ayyukan sun ci gaba har zuwa ƙarni na XNUMX, riga a ƙarƙashin mulkin sarakunan Katolika.
Coci Yana da labari mai ban sha'awa: Alfonso VI, Sarkin León da Castile, ya sake cin nasara da Toledo a shekara ta 1085. Lokacin da aka tattauna batun babban birnin, an amince da cewa ba za a zubar da jini a birnin ba kuma sarkin ya yi alkawarin barin a tsaye kuma yana girmama gine-ginen ibadar musulmi. A cikin rukunin gine-ginen akwai shakka masallaci.
Amma sun ce ba da daɗewa ba bayan da sarki ya tafi na ɗan lokaci kuma ba ya nan matarsa tare da Abbot Bernard na Cluny, babban limamin Toledo a lokacin, suka aika da sojoji zuwa masallacin da ƙarfi. Da sarki ya gane, sai ya fusata, ya ba da umarnin a kashe duk wanda ke da hannu a ciki, ban da matarsa da abba. Bayan tattaunawa mai tsanani hankali ya watse kuma ga dukkan alamu shi ya sa aka tsarkake masallacin a matsayin babban coci ba tare da sauye-sauye da yawa a tsarinsa ba.
Babu shakka an yi sabbin ayyuka don kafa addinin Kirista don haka babban ɗakin sujada da presbytery suka bayyana. Kamar yadda muke gani a yau, Cathedral na Toledo ya samo asali ne tun lokacin Sarki Ferdinand III mai tsarki da Archbishop Rodrigo Xiénez de Rada.. Don haka, masallacin Cathedral ya riga ya ɗan tsufa kuma ya zama ƙasa da kyau ko kyan gani, la'akari da kyawun Toledo. Sa'an nan aka inganta gina sabon salon Gothic Cathedral.
Cathedral na Toledo Yana da salon Gothic na Faransa amma tare da iska na Mutanen Espanya. Yana da Faɗin mita 59 da tsayin mita 120, saukowa biyar, transept da motar asibiti biyu. An maye gurbin ainihin triforiums tare da naves da manyan tagogi kuma ana iya ganin salon Mudejar a yau.
A yau, idan ka ziyarci Toledo kuma ka tsaya a dandalin zauren gari, za ka gan shi a duk kyawunsa, kusa da zauren gari da kuma fadar Archbishop.
Cathedral na Sevilla
A kan filaye na yanzu Cathedral Babban Masallacin Seville ya tsaya a lokacin mamayar Musulmi. A wancan lokacin wani katafaren gini ne da masanin kasar Andalusia Ahmad Ben Baso ya kera mai da tsarin bene mai kusurwa guda 17 wanda ke da jiragen ruwa XNUMX da tudun doki da katafaren falo.
Tare da sake mamaye Kirista a 1248 masallacin ya zama babban coci. An yi amfani da ginin musulmi tsawon karni da rabi har sai da sabbin ayyuka suka fara canza salo gaba daya. Don haka an rushe shi, suka ce da uzuri cewa ya lalace, kuma An fara gina sabon haikali a shekara ta 1434, kawai aka kammala a 1506. A shekara ta gaba aka tsarkake haikalin.
Seville Cathedral An gina shi da duwatsu daga sama da 20. Hasumiyarsa da hasumiya mai kararrawa, sanannen Giralda, yana da tsayin mita 104 kuma yayi kama da minaret na masallacin Koutoubia a Morocco. Shi Farfajiyar bishiyar Orange Ya kasance filin alwala a lokutan masallaci: Tsawon mita 43 da 81 kuma ana isa gare ta daga titi ta hanyar Puerta del Perdón, an yi mata ado da kyau tare da ganyen katako da aka lulluɓe da tagulla.
Sai Cathedral na Seville zai bi ta wasu gyare-gyare wanda ya ba shi Renaissance, baroque, ilimi da sifofin neo-Gothic, tsakanin tsakiyar karni na XNUMX zuwa farkon XNUMXth.
Waɗannan su ne wasu daga cikin Mafi kyawun Gothic Cathedrals a Spain. Tabbas ba su kadai bane. Tabbas kuna tunani game da Cathedral na Ávila, Cathedral na Barcelona, na Oviedo, Cathedral na Valencia, na Pamplona, Palencia, Gerona, Segovia ko na Palma de Mallorca., Misali. Jerin da sauri ya lissafa aƙalla 14 Gothic Cathedrals a Spain gaske mai ban sha'awa, kayan gine-gine na gaskiya waɗanda ba za ku iya rasa ba.