Duwatsu koyaushe suna da sha'awar mutum kuma koyaushe suna kewaye da tatsuniyoyi. Duwatsun Amurka, na Asiya, da na Afirka. Duk wayewan wayewar kai wanda yake da dutse a kusa dashi ya bashi wani matsayi a hangen su na duniya.
Babu ɗayansu da ya sani, cewa, babban dutse a duniya ya ɓuya a cikin tsaunin daji: Himalayas. A cikin Sanskrit, yaren mai tsarki na addinin Hindu da sauran addinai, Himalaya yana nufin Gidan dusar ƙanƙara. Kuma yaro ne, banda kasancewa sanannen rufin duniya.
Himalayas yana kan iyaka tsakanin Indiya da China kuma ya ratsa ta kasar Nepal. Lokacin kallon taswira da sanin wani abu game da tarihin Duniya wanda zai iya tunanin faranti biyu na tectonic suna karo don samar da faɗi Dutsen kilomita 2400 cewa tare da hanyar sa ya banbanta a fadi da siffofi da wasu ƙananan jeri jeri.
A cikin himalayas an haife koguna da yawa, gami da Ganges da Indos, don haka ko ta yaya miliyoyin mutane suna da alaƙa da waɗannan manyan duwatsu. Yanayi ya banbanta saboda tsaunin tsauni yana da tsayi sosai, saboda haka akwai sassan da ke da yanayin yanayi mai zafi da sassan sanyi na gaske, tare da dusar ƙanƙara mai ɗorewa
Idan kuna tunanin cewa tsaunin tsaffin ya tsufa, da kyau, don rayuwar ɗan adam ne amma ba don rayuwar ƙasa ba. Yana da kusan ɗayan mafi karancin shekaru daga jerin tsaunuka a duniya. A cewar masana kimanin shekaru miliyan 70 da suka gabata farantin Indo-Ostiraliya na tafiya da sauri sosai (kimanin santimita 15 a shekara). Shekaru miliyan 20 daga baya wannan motsi ya rufe tsoffin Tekun Tethys d the a da compositionanƙancin abun da ke rufe nahiyyar kuma ya sa duwatsu suka hau maimakon faɗawa cikin ruwa.
Abin birgewa ne amma wannan motsi bai tsaya ba kuma farantin Indiya yana motsi sosai wanda a cikin kimanin shekaru miliyan 10 zai kasance kilomita 1500 zuwa Asiya. Kuma abu mai ban mamaki shine yayi Himalayas suna ci gaba da hawa a tsayi na kimanin 5mm a kowace shekara. Ba ƙasa ce matacciya ba, ƙasa ce ta dindindin.
Dutsen da yawa, dusar ƙanƙara sosai, ba tare da wata shakka ba dole ne ya zama ya fi kyau wuri mai faɗi. Kuma haka lamarin yake: bayan Arctic da Antarctica ita ce ta uku mafi girma da mahimmanci a kankara da kankara a duniya. Bayan haka, a cikin tsawon kilomita 2400 akwai glaciers dubu 15 kuma wannan yana nufin dubban cubic mita na ruwa. Ba tare da ambaton koguna da tabkuna waɗanda suke a wurare daban-daban ba.
Babban tabki a cikin Himalayas shine YamdrokTso, a cikin Tibet, tare da kusan kilomita 700, kuma mafi girma shine Tilicho, a cikin Nepal. Bayan wannan duka duwatsu suna shafar yanayin yankin mai faɗi sosai kuma, misali, saboda kasantuwarsa shine kudu maso gabashin Asiya tana da dumi sosai saboda tana hana shigarwar iska mai sanyi daga kudu.
Himalayas da addini
Akwai shafuka da yawa a cikin wadannan tsaunukan wadanda suke da mahimmancin addini. don kungiyoyi daban-daban. Ga 'yan Hindu, alal misali, Himalayas mutum ne na allahn Himavat, mahaifin Parvati da Ganga. Don addinin Buddha na Bhutan tsaunuka suna ɓoye wani wuri mai tsarki inda aka kafa addininsu.
A cikin himalayas akwai dubunnan gidajen ibada. Ba tare da ci gaba ba, a Lhasa, babban birnin Tibet, shine Gidan Dalai Lama. A yau, China ce ke kula da wannan yankin kuma ya zama dole a nemi izinin shiga, ban da sarrafa biza na kasar Sin.
Duba taswira kawai don tunanin hakan waɗannan duwatsu kuma ƙungiyoyin mutane da yawa suna zaune, da kamanceceniyarsu da banbancinsu. Suna da yarensu, al'adunsu, tsarinsu, al'adunsu, al'adunsu, tufafinsu. Su ne teku na iri-iri.
Himalayas da Dutsen Everest
Mount Everest shi ne tsauni mafi tsayi a duniya amma tana da 'yan'uwa mata masu tsayi kusa da nan. Himalayas gida ne na tara daga cikin manyan kololuwa goma a duniya don haka zaka iya samun kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da girmansa.
Mun fada a sama cewa karo da faranti guda biyu ya haifar da wannan tsaunin kuma tunda abun da dunkulen dunkulen wadannan faranti ya kasance ba shi da yawa, sai ya tashi maimakon ya nitse cikin tekun. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa Everest ya bayyana cewa yana da farar ƙasa a samansa wanda ya zo daidai daga wannan tsohuwar teku.
Muna kiran sa Everest, a cikin takunkumin turawa, amma ga ƙasashen biyu da suka raba shi yana da wasu sunaye: an kira Chomolungma na Tibetans da Sagarmatha na ƙasar Nepal. Yana daga cikin tsaunin Mahalangur wanda ya ratsa kasashen biyu. A zahiri, iyakar iyaka ta wuce saman Everest.
Everest Yana da tsayin mita 8.848 sama da matakin teku kuma kowace shekara tana jan ɗaruruwan masu hawa dutse waɗanda ke hankoron hawa saman. Shin kun ga fim din Everest? Yana nuna wannan haɗarin sosai, motsin zuciyar sa da haɗarin sa. hay hanyoyi biyu don hawa EverestDaya yana zuwa daga Nepal wani kuma daga Tibet. Kudu da Arewa bi da bi.
Hanya ta farko ita ce daidaitacciyar hanya kuma kodayake ba ta da wahala musamman saboda hawa kanta, yanayin yanayi da abin da yake yi wa jikin mutum yana da rikitarwa. Ingilishi ne farkon wanda ya hau Everest Kodayake basu iso saman ba yanzunnan kuma sun isa mita dubu 7 ne kacal. Wani balaguro a cikin 1922 ya hau zuwa mita 8320 kuma ya nuna muhimmin ci gaba a dangantakar mutum da dutse.
Ya kamata balaguron 1924 ya kasance wanda ya isa saman amma masu hawa biyun sun ɓace kuma gawar ɗayansu kawai ta samo ne a cikin 1999 a tsawan mita 8155, a gefen arewa. Duk waɗannan tafiye-tafiyen sun kasance daga wannan gefen tunda a wancan lokacin Nepal ta hana yunƙurin ta gefen ta. Ta wannan hanyar, bisa hukuma, an kai kololuwa a 1953: Edmund Hillary da Tenzing Norgay sune na farko kuma suka aikata hakan, wannan karon, don fuskar kudu.
Duk wannan daga hangen nesa, kamar yadda na ce, Eurocentric. Gaskiyar ita ce watakila wani ya zo kafin. Sinawa da kansu suna cewa tun daga farkon ƙarni na XNUMX dutsen ya bayyana a rubuce-rubucensu da taswirarsu.
Himalayas a cikin zane-zane
Saboda kyanta, ga girmanta, da darajarta, Himalayas sun yi tasiri ga mutane da yawa, ga marubuta, masu zane da kusanci a cikin lokaci, daraktocin fim da marubutan allo.
Don haka, muna da fina-finai Everest, Tintin a cikin Tibet, Vayyadaddun Yanki, da dama daga cikin bugu na Kabarin Kabari, Shekaru Bakwai a Tibet tare da Brad Pitt, litattafan The Kingdom of the Golden Dragon na Isabel Allende ko Kim, na Rudyard Kipling.