Mexico kasa ce mai al'adu iri-iri tare da tsoffin al'adun gargajiya. Daya daga cikin mafi kyawun yankuna shine Chiapas, kudu maso yammacin kasar. Tana da rabin mutanen karkara kuma ita ce ke kan gaba wajen samar da kofi da ayaba. Olmecs, Mayans da al'adun Chiapas sun kasance a nan, don haka al'adun su abin ban mamaki ne.
Kuma kamar yadda muke faɗa koyaushe, kayan adon na yau da kullun suna gaya mana daidai game da waccan al'ada, tarihinta, al'adun ta, al'adun ta, raye -raye, harsuna ... A yau, a cikin Actualidad Viajas, the kayan ado na Chiapas.
Chiapas
Yana daya daga cikin jihohin da suka hada Mexico da babban birninta shine birnin Tuxla Gutierrez. A zamanin mulkin mallaka ya kasance wani ɓangare na Kyaftin Janar na Guatemala kuma ya ci gaba da alaƙa da wannan yankin har zuwa 1824.
Bai yi rayuwa mai nutsuwa ba. Sakamakon sakacin tattalin arziki da sakacin gwamnatin tsakiya, a tawaye a shekarun 90 na karni na XNUMX, daga hannu Zapatista Army of National Liberation. Abin takaici, abubuwan da suka haifar da wannan rikice -rikice a lokacin ba a warware su ba, har ma a yau.
A Chiapas yana daya daga cikin mahimman wuraren tarihi na kayan tarihi a Mexico, Palenque, Tarihin Duniya na Dan Adam. Duwatsu kuma suna da yawa kuma ta haka ne, yana da girma bambancin halittu da yanayi wanda ke rina shimfidar wurare a cikin mafi kyawun launuka. Kuma a, waɗannan launuka suna ganin na nuna sosai a cikin kayan sa na al'ada.
Chiapas al'ada kaya
Kamar yadda yawanci yakan faru lokacin da yanki ya tsufa sosai kuma yana da arziƙi a al'adu babu sutura iri ɗaya amma da yawa, amma duk da haka yana yiwuwa a gane mafi shahara da shahara: the Chiapa de Corzo da aka sani da sunan "Chiapaneca". Chiapa de Corzo ƙaramin birni ne, wanda Mutanen Espanya suka kafa a 1528 akan ƙauyukan pre-Hispanic. Tana kan bankunan Rio Grande de Chiapa, kilomita 15 kawai daga babban birnin jihar.
Anan akwai bukukuwa da yawa a cikin shekara kodayake na farko yana farawa da shekara kamar yadda yake faruwa a cikin Janairu tare da abin da ake kira babban baje kolin. Sa'an nan kuma za a zo bikin San Miguel, San Sebastián, Budurwar Guadalupe, Santo Domingo, bikin Marimba, Topada de la Flor, Señor del Calvario, ranar Corpus Christi ...
Matar Chiapas ta yi ado da farin ciki: ta sa a siket mai santsi sosai wanda ya kai ga idon sawu da rigar riga hakan ke nuna nononta. Dukansu guda biyu an yi su da baƙar satin, masana'anta da ke da motsi da taushi kuma a ƙarshe yana ba wa rigar duka motsi mai ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, shi ne cikakken asali don launuka waɗanda aka ƙara ta hannun mayafi.
da mayafai masu launi An yi su da tulle na gaskiya, bi da bi an ƙawata su furanni masu launuka iri -iri da manyan girma, duka a cikin rigunan riguna da cikin siket, suna haifar da wani nau'in tabo mai launi iri -iri. Kuma maza?
Mutanen Chiapas suna sanye da rigar da ake kira "parachico", ya kunshi baƙar wando da riga mai launi iri ɗaya. Suna sanye da jar ɗamara a kugu da ƙyallen ƙyalli a wuyansa. Ƙara zuwa ƙarshen shine serape kuma mai launuka iri -iri.
Da alama asalin asalin kayan Chiapas yana da alaƙa da ɗan tazara tsakanin Chiapa de Corzo da babban birnin jihar, Tuxla Guiteriierez. A cikin birni, koyaushe ana yin bukukuwan majiɓinci, don haka tufafin da aka yi amfani da su sun bazu ko'ina cikin ƙasar kuma saboda haka an fassara wannan suturar a matsayin na Chiapas.
A daidai lokacin bukukuwan addini ne, kamar yadda muka gani mafi sauƙi fiye da na matar, ana ƙara kayan maza tare da zane mai launi a kafafu, hula mai zagaye da aka yi da fiber na ixtle, hula, abin rufe fuska na katako da chinchín, ƙaramin reed kuma an kawata shi da ribbons masu launi da yawa. A wa] annan lokuttan, mata suna da goran goro mai hannu jicalpextle.
Lacquer da hannu yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi yabawa na gida Yana da asalin asalin Hispanic, kodayake yana da tasirin Turai. Mutanen ƙasar sun yi amfani da bawon 'ya'yan itacen a matsayin kayan cikin gida ko na addini kuma an zana wasu daga cikinsu da wata dabara da ake kira maque ko lacquer. Tare da tuntuɓar Mutanen Espanya, wannan dabarar tana da wasu bambance -bambancen don haka, a cikin karni na XNUMX, wannan dabarar kayan adon ta ƙare ta zama ƙungiya tsakanin al'adu biyu.
Hannun kayan kwalliyar Chiapas na al'ada shima aikin hannu ne na yanki. Hannun hannu ne da zaren siliki kuma a tsawon lokaci ya tsallake daga riguna da rigunan riguna zuwa wasu sassan masana'anta kamar mayafai, rigunan tebur, barguna, ruguna, da sauransu. Game da suturar yanki, an yanke tulle, wanda shine masana'anta inda aka ƙawata ta, an tsara zane, an ɗora tulle zuwa samfurin da aka ƙera kuma aikin ya fara aiki, zane ta zane, fure ta fure , ball by ball.
Wane ma’ana kayan adon Chiapas na yau da kullun suke da shi? Dangane da mata gaba ɗaya, suturar tana da launi da annashuwa kuma tana raye har aka ce tana wakiltar a gefe ɗaya ga dukkan kabilun da ke zaune a cikin yan yanki (a tsakanin wasu Tojolobales, Lacandones, Tzeltales), da ɗayan zuwa ga babban bambancin tsirrai wanda ke ba da duk yanayin halittu da jihar ke da su. A nata ɓangaren, rigar mutumin tana nufin ruwan sama da rana, abubuwa masu mahimmanci don takin ƙasa, da ma suna tuna farin nasara, tare da mundaye masu launin shuɗi suna sawa a kawunansu.
Legend yana da cewa an ƙirƙiri rigar yankin Chiapas a farkon karni na 20, a cikin XNUMXs, ta hannun wani kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Amurka ta Tsakiya wanda ya zo yawon shakatawa. Mawaƙin, a gaban babban taron jama'a, ta rera waƙar da ta yi baftisma Chiapanecas, don girmama jama'a. Tun daga wannan lokacin, suturar ta bunƙasa kuma ta shahara a wurin bukukuwa da bukukuwa, ana sanya mata da 'yan mata.
Idan kuna shirin ziyartar Meziko zaku iya ganin kayan adon Chiapas na rayuwa kai tsaye Fiesta Grande de Chiapa de Corzo wanda ke faruwa kowace shekara tsakanin Janairu 8 da 23. A cikin wannan biki maza da mata suna rawa don girmama Ubangijin Esquipulas, San Antonio Abad da San Sebastián Mártir, waliyyin majiɓinci na Parachicos (maza).
Mun ce tun farko cewa babu wani kayan adon Chiapas guda ɗaya kuma haka ne. Ga mafi mashahuri wanda muka bincika yanzu an ƙara da tufafin San Juan Chamula sanye da maza: wando da rigar bargo tare da farar fata ko baƙar fata poncho akan rigar da aka ɗaure da jan ɗamara. A kan kawunansu suna sanye da hula huɗu mai ɗamarar ribbons masu launi da yawa da ke rataye daga gefen kuma a hannunsu jakar fata aka yi wa ado.
A nasu bangaren, matan suna sanye da doguwar rigar ulu, wani lokacin matsattsu, wani lokacin ba, tare da farar zanen kaya, huipiles masu launi da rigar ruwan da galibi kuma mai launi ce, shuɗi, fari, kore ko zinariya, an yi masa ado a gaba. Akwai kuma kayayyaki na San Andrés Larráinzar da na Venustiano Carranza, tare da hotunan da aka zana wanda zai iya ɗaukar watanni kafin a yi su.