Kayan al'ada na Veracruz

Kayan kwalliyar Veracruz sun amsa, a gefe guda, zuwa maɓallin autochthonous na wannan ƙasar ta Mexico kuma, a ɗayan, ga tasirin masu mulkin mallaka na Spain. Gaskiya ne cewa kowane gari a cikin yankin Veracruz har ma da duk ƙasar da nasu hankula tufafi, amma akwai kwat da wando wanda yake bayyana duka jihar da babban birninta.

Tun da Veracruz yana gabashin gabar México kuma tana da yanayin dumi mai zafi, tufafin sa na yau da kullun dole ne, da karfi, haske ba dumi sosai ba. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi wanda ya wuce digiri ashirin ba za a iya jure masa duk shekara tare da tufafi mai ɗumi. Amma akwai wasu abubuwa da yawa waɗanda suka ƙaddara kayan ado na yau da kullun na Veracruz. Idan kana so ka san su, muna gayyatarka ka ci gaba da karantawa.

Tarihin kayan kwalliyar Veracruz

Abu na farko da yakamata mu nuna muku shine cewa jihar Veracruz suma suna amfani da charro kwat da wando da kuma Tebuano tufafi. Matan Zapotec na jihar Oaxaca kuma mai zanen ya mutu Frida khalo a yawancin zanen sa. Amma duka wannan da farkon sun zama alamun duniya na Mexico. Saboda haka, ba zai ba ku mamaki ba cewa su ma irin na Veracruz ne.

Duk da duk abin da muka bayyana muku yanzu, ana kiran sutturar sutturar ta Veracruz par kyau jarocho kwat da wando, wanda ya fito daga abin da ake kira Sotavento Veracruzano, ma'ana, na yankin jihar da aka ambata wanda ya fadada ta kudu guda daya. Hakanan, wannan kayan yana da tarihi mai ban sha'awa.

An ce matan farko sun zo tare da Spaniards zuwa Tafkin Papaloapan sun kasance suna sanya tufafin da aka kawo daga Tsibirin Iberiya. Sun kasance Kayan adon Andalusiya ko Levantine anyi tare da yadudduka masu nauyi. Amma a cikin wannan yanki na Veracruz, kamar yadda muka gaya muku, yana da zafi sosai kuma, ban da haka, zafi yana da yawa. Saboda haka, suturar da aka kawo daga Spain ba ta dace ba, tunda an yi ta ne don yanayin sanyi.

Wadannan tufafin matan sun kunshi siket kala-kala, atamfa mai kwalliya, shallen yadin da aka saka, safa da takalmin karammiski. Kari akan haka, an kawata su da lambobin yabo da aka makala a wuya ta hanyar zaren siliki ko karammiski kanta.

Koyaya, matan ƙasar suna sanye da siket na furanni da riguna tare da yadin bobbin da kafaɗun kafaɗa, da kuma takalmi a cikin siffar matse. Mutanen Spain sun fahimci yadda yafi dacewa da wannan suturar ga yanayin Veracruz kuma sun fara yin watsi da rigunan da suka kawo daga Spain.

A matsayin cakuda kayan gida tare da wasu tasirin tasirin Hispanic, da jarocho kwat da wando, wanda kuma ya ɗauki nau'ikan siffofin ga maza. Ya kasance, sabili da haka, tsarin kira tsakanin yanayin peninsular da na Sotavento Veracruzano. Bugu da ƙari, an ƙara kayan haɗi da kayan ado a ciki.

Da zarar mun yi ɗan tarihi, lokaci yayi da za mu yi bayani dalla-dalla kuma dalla-dalla yadda tufafin Veracruz suke.

Yaya jarocho kwat da wando

A hankalce, don bayyana sutturar sutturar Veracruz, dole ne mu bambanta tsakanin suturar mata da ta maza. Koyaya, dukansu suna da mahimman abubuwa biyu: farin launi da yadudduka masu haske dace da zafi.

Halin al'ada na Veracruz na mata

Tufafin jarocha na mata shine har ma mafi kyau fiye da abin da aka nufa ga maza, tunda yana da mafi yadin da aka saka, kroidre da kayan ado. Abubuwan asali na wannan suturar sune masu zuwa:

• Riga irin ta mata rigar bacci fari da aka yi da auduga da "raga" a kafaɗun da kirjin. Wannan yana nufin cewa, a waɗancan sassan, suna da abin kyan gani a cikin hanyar layin goro. Bugu da kari, an gama shi a wuya tare da sandar da aka yi da kintinken siliki.
• Petticoat shima fari ne kuma kuma an sanya shi a ƙasan wanda ake amfani dashi azaman bango.
• Una siket doguwa da faɗi sosai a saman kan shimfiɗar gidan wanda ya rufe ƙafafun kafa wanda kuma yawanci fari ne. Haka kuma, an qawata ta da kwalliya kuma ya kasance yana da dan manne.
• Apron ya fi guntu a cikin baki karammiski kuma an saka shi da furanni masu launuka ja-ja da kuma lace mai lankwasa. Ana ɗaura shi zuwa kugu ta hanyar a kintinkiri na siliki kuma a kan kugu yana akwai bandana wanda aka yi da auduga, wato, babban mahimmin zanen hannu wanda aka yi shi da zane mai launi biyu.
• Una mantilla ko shawl wanda za'a iya yin sa da yadin da aka saka ko tulle da aka saka. Ana sanya shi a kan kafadun haɗe da kirji ta hanyar a locket ko cameo don haskaka raga na rigar bacci a ƙasa.
• Un shawl ko shawl na biyu wanda aka ƙera da zaren siliki kuma ana haɗuwa da kintinkirin da yake ƙawata gashi.

Tare da duk abubuwan da ke sama, tufafin tufafin Veracruz na mata sun haɗa da kayan haɗi daban-daban y takamaiman salon gyara gashi. Game da na biyun, ya ƙunshi bun da braids biyu waɗanda aka ƙawata su da ɗamara a matsayin tsefe, wanda kuma ake kira m. A ƙarshe, an kawata gashin da lambu ko wardi waɗanda aka ɗora a gefe ɗaya ko kuma ɗayan kai gwargwadon yanayin auren mutum. Idan ba ta da aure, sai su tafi hagu, yayin da idan ta yi aure, sai su tafi dama.

Game da kayan kwalliyar sutturar mata ta Veracruz, a fan rataye daga wuya ta hanyar wani abin wuya. Wannan yawanci shine adon iyali. Ana iya yin shi da zinare ko lu'ulu'u, amma kuma murjani ko filigree. Aƙarshe, a wasu yanayi ana sanya gicciyen a wuyansa ta rigar adon karammiski.

Kayan al'ada na Veracruz ga maza

yawa mafi sauki cewa abin da ke sama shine tufafin Veracruz na maza. Koyaya, shima yana da kyau ƙwarai, kuma kamar yadda muka gaya muku, ya fita dabam don launin fari na duk tufafin. A wannan yanayin, mafi mahimmanci sune kamar haka:

• Un wando wanda aka yi shi da sabon yadi wanda ya isa ƙafafu, ma'ana, ba kamar sauran kayan sawa na yau da kullun ba, bashi da tsayi ko tsayin gwiwa.
• Una guayabera ko riga mai dogon hannu, sakakke kuma an yi shi da yarn mai haske tare da jakunkuna a gaba. Hakanan yawanci yana da buƙata don ba shi taɓawar ladabi.
• Buga takalma madauki da launin baki ko fari.
• Dabino hat tare da ragowa huɗu a cikin yankinsa na sama (abin da ake kira "duwatsu").
• Kwantar da hankali ko babban kyalle a cikin launuka masu haske, zai fi kyau ja da baki, a wuyanta.

Kamar yadda muka bayyana maku kuma zaku iya tantancewa daga bayanin mu, sutturar sutturar Veracruz ta maza ba ta cika bayyana ba kamar ta mata. Koyaya, haɗu daidai da wannan.

Yaushe ake amfani da kayan ado na jarocho

Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da suturar jarocho a ciki kowane taron jama'a ko hutun da akeyi a jihar Veracruz. Yawancin kungiyoyin raye-rayen gargajiya suna amfani da shi, daidai, don fassara Su jarocho ne ko zapateado. Rawa iri biyu ne: 'yan biyu kuma abin da ake kira "Daga tsibin" don rawa a cikin rukuni

Ana kunna kiɗan da ke rakiyar daidai kayan gargajiya kamar jarana, karamin guitar; nema, daga dangi daya da na baya; da garaya, da tambarin, da ƙashin muƙamuƙin jaki, na ƙarshe don yin kaɗa. Ta hanyar dukkansu ana fassarawa karin waƙa na asalin baƙauye, wasu daga cikinsu sun shahara a duniya. Misali, La Bamba, Mai hustler o Da mahaukacin syrup.

Ana kuma fassara su Huapangos, karin waƙoƙi a lokacin sa hannu na lokacin karatu wanda ya samo asali daga yankin, har ma da mahimmancin asalin Afro-Caribbean kamar sanannen Cuban danzón.

A gefe guda, ku ma kuna sha'awar sanin lokacin da waɗannan bukukuwa suka faru. Don haka, idan kuna shirin ziyarci Veracruz, zaku iya yin tafiyarku ta dace da su. Daya daga cikin ranakun da aka nuna shine da Carnival daga garin Veracruz kanta, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "mafi farin ciki a duniya."

Amma Jarocho duniya ta sami masauki a cikin garin Jaltipan, daga jihar Veracruz kanta. A ƙarshen shekara wannan garin yana shirya Bikin Fandango, wanda ya haɗu da shahararrun masu fasahar kiɗa daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar har ma da ƙasashen waje. Sabili da haka, sautunan jarocho da raye-raye ba za su kasance a cikin wannan taron ba.

Hakanan, al'adar Jarocha tana da tushe mai zurfi a cikin garin Córdoba, ana kiranta Dutsen Huilango, har zuwa cewa tana shirya a Jaan Jarocho gamuwa wanda ya haɗa da nunawa tare da kayan ado na yau da kullun na Veracruz. Amma har ila yau wasu ayyukan kamar bitoci, tarurruka, taro har ma da ayyukan gala don kiyaye wannan al'ada ta gargajiya ta jihar Veracruz.

A ƙarshe, za mu gaya muku game da birni na tlacotalpan, wanda yake daidai kan iyakar tafkin Papaloapan, inda, kamar yadda muka gaya muku, an haifi suturar jarocho. A cikin wannan kyakkyawan gari, wanda aka ayyana cibiyarsa mai tarihi Abubuwan al'adu na 'yan Adam, ana biki akan Ganawar Jaraneros da Decimistas. Biki ne wanda aka keɓe don adana duk maganganun kiɗan da aka haɗa a cikin ɗana jarocho kuma yana daga cikin mahimman al'adun gargajiya a duk Mexico.

A ƙarshe, mun bayyana muku menene asalin kayan gargajiya na Veracruz, kazalika da tufafin da suka sanya mata da maza. Kuma, haka nan, menene shahararrun bukukuwan sanya shi. A kowane hali, yana ɗaya daga cikin tufafin gargajiya tare da roarfafa kuma an ƙara yabawa ko'ina cikin ƙasar Mexico.