Ɗaya daga cikin alamun Amurka shine Mutum-mutumi na 'Yanci. Fina-finai da talbijin sun kula da hakan kuma duk wanda ya je New York ya hada da ziyararsa a cikin tafiyar yawon bude ido. Idan baku santa sosai ba zan gaya muku tana da labari mai ban sha'awa don haka yau zamu santa.
Na farko, ko da yake mun san ta a matsayin Statue of Liberty, ainihin suna 'Yancin hasken duniya.
Mutum-mutumi na 'Yanci
Ana nan a tsibirin Liberty, kudu da tsibirin Manhattan, kusa da bakin kogin Hudson kuma ba da nisa da sanannen tsibirin Ellis. Kyauta ce daga gwamnatin Faransa ga gwamnatin Amurka a cika shekaru XNUMX da samun 'yancin kai a arewacin kasar.
{Asar Amirka ta sami 'yancin kai daga Birtaniya a shekara ta 1776, sannan ta shiga yakin basasa, gwagwarmayar cikin gida da ta yi watsi da kasar a tsakanin 1861 zuwa 1865. A lokacin, dan siyasar Faransa kuma masanin shari'a Eduardo Laboulaye, mataimakin kuma Sanata na Jamhuriyya ta Uku. yana da ra'ayin zurfafa kusanci da Amurka ta hanyar ba ta mutum-mutumi.
Zaɓaɓɓen sculptor shine Alsatian Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, kuma ko da yake Dole ne mutum-mutumi ya kasance a shirye a cikin 1876 ba komai ya kasance mai sauƙi ba. Faransa ta yi yaki da Prussia, tausayin Amurkawa ga Jamus bai yi dadi ba, jamhuriya ta uku ita ma tana da matsaloli na cikin gida, masarautar ta yi barazanar komawa Amurka ... Amma duk da haka, mai sassaka ya yi tafiya zuwa Amurka a 1871 kuma ya zabi kananan yara. tsibirin inda babban mutum-mutumin zai tsaya, baya ga shigar da shugaban kasar Grant na lokacin.
a fili mutum-mutumi yana da tasiri na fasahar Girkanci kuma a yau an yi la'akari da cewa sculptor ya yi wahayi zuwa ga allahn Girkanci Hecate don ba ta Liberty fuska da siffar. Abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da fuskar su ma sun haifar da tambayoyi da yawa, shin ita ce budurwar hamshakin attajirin nan mai suna Issac Singer, ita ce mahaifiyar mai sassaka, ko kuwa akwai mata da yawa a fuskar da ta saba? Komai mai yiwuwa ne.
A gefe guda Bartholdi ya yi aiki a kan ginin Suez Canal, a Misira, kuma Na riga na sami wasu ƙira don wani mutum-mutumin hasashe wanda ba a taɓa yarda da shi ba. Da alama wasu daga cikin waɗannan sun kutsa cikin ƙirarsa ta asali don wasan kwaikwayo a New York, ƙirar da a ciki ya bar abin al'ada kuma na yau da kullun na Phrygian kuma ya maye gurbinsa da diamita na hasken rana.
Tsakanin gwamnatocin da suka kafa hakan Amurka za ta mai da tushe na abin tunawa da Faransa mutum-mutumi da taro na gaba. Amma matsalolin tattalin arziki sun kasance koyaushe. A kasar Faransa, an kafa wata kungiya don tara kudade, kungiya ce da ke amfani da duk wata hanya ta samun kudi, haka ma a Amurka.
Mutum-mutumi na 'Yanci Yana da kwarangwal na jan karfe wanda injiniya Gustave Eiffel ya tsara. iri ɗaya na sanannen hasumiya. Ayyukan sun fara kuma ana sa ran za su kasance a shirye don cika shekaru ɗari, a ranar 4 ga Yuli, 1876, amma akwai jinkiri da yawa kuma wannan ranar ba ta yiwuwa a mutunta shi..
Da kadan kadan mutum-mutumin ya fara yin siffa, kuma ana iya ziyartar sassansa a cikin tarurrukan, da hotuna da fosta, duk don tara kudi domin a gaggauta kammala aikin. Hakika, waɗanda suka halarci bikin baje kolin duniya da aka yi a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1878 sun sami damar shiga cikin kawunansu kuma su hau kan kambi ta wani bene mai tsayin mita 43. An dora kan kan shahararren filin Mars.
Kuma a halin yanzu me ke faruwa a Amurka? Tushen abin tunawa ya motsa tare da jinkirin katantanwa. A) iya, Dan kasuwan yada labarai Joseph Pulitzer ya kaddamar da kamfen din talla mai yawa daga jaridarsa, ƙarfafa gudummawa ga troche da moche. A shekara ta 1884 an aza harsashin ginin, ko da yake An kammala shi ne kawai a cikin 1886.
A kasar Faransa an riga an gama kammala wannan mutum-mutumi kuma da yawa sun ziyarta kuma sun yaba da shi. Daga nan sai aka tarwatsa, aka aika zuwa Ruen ta jirgin kasa, ta jirgin ruwa a kan Seine zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa na Le Havre, ya isa New York a watan Yuni 1886. An wargaje ta cikin guda 350, a cikin kwalaye 214. Harshen wuta da hannun dama sun riga sun kasance a Amurka a da. A cikin wasu kwalaye tafiya da kusoshi, rivets da goro.
bayan wata hudu An riga an haɗa Statue of Liberty kuma an buɗe shi a gaban Shugaba Cleveland. baƙi na musamman da ban sha'awa. Faransa ta samu wakilcin mataimakin shugaban majalisar dattawan Faransa, Desmons. Ba a shirya wannan mutum-mutumin ba har sai bayan shekaru goma, amma ga shi a karshe.
A wani lokaci a cikin kasancewarsa mutum-mutumi yayi aiki a matsayin hasken wuta don New York, tsakanin taronta da 1902 daidai. Ana iya ganin haskensa a nisan kilomita 39 kuma yana da injin samar da wutar lantarki da aka saka musamman a tsibirin domin gudanar da aikinsa. Sa'an nan kuma, bisa ga lokutan, Statue of Liberty An yi gyare-gyare da gyare-gyaren zamani, musamman na lantarki.
hannu da hannu da wutar lantarki an saka elevator a farkon karni, da aka gyara a cikin 30s, a tsarin dumama a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa kuma Haɓaka fitulun kai na hasken rana haskoki. Kuma ba shakka, da yawa tsarin gyarawa wanda ya tabbatar da tsawon rayuwar abin tunawa. Mafi mahimmanci ya faru a cikin 80s, lokacin da aka canza asalin tocilan, tare da zanen zinariya da ƙarin fitilu. Kuna iya ganin tsohuwar fitilar a cikin gidan kayan tarihi na abin tunawa da kanta.
Kuma ba shakka, tsohon ƙarfe ma an maye gurbinsa da bakin karfe, tsohon elevator da wani sabo da sauransu. Don haka, ya sake buɗewa a ranar 5 ga Yuli, 1986.
Menene ma'anar Statue of Liberty?
Sunansa iya balaga. Liberty ita ce macen da ta hau kanta, a tsaye, sanye da kayan sata da rawani diamita na kololuwa bakwai, wakiltar nahiyoyi bakwai da tekuna bakwai. Gilashin 25 na didem suna wakiltar duwatsu masu daraja na duniya, didem wanda kuma ya tuna da wanda allahn Helios ya yi amfani da shi, Rana ga Helenawa. A hannun dama yana dagawa fitila mai haskaka duniya, kuma a hannunsa na hagu yana da wata allunan da ke ɗauke da ranar da aka rattaba hannu kan ayyana ‘yancin kai na Amurka.
Mutum-mutumin ya haura mita 46 kuma idan muka kidaya tsayin daka daga kasa zuwa saman tocilan suna. 93 mita gaba daya. A ƙafafunsa wasu sarƙoƙi da suka karye suna nuna ƙarin 'yanci. Wanene? To, daga Burtaniya, wanda yake kamar sauran Turai zuwa gabas, wanda shine inda abin tunawa ya fuskanta.
Ziyarci Statue of Liberty
Don yin ziyarar dole ne saya tikitin jirgin ruwa da tsara ziyarar. Kamfanin shine Statue Cruises, shi kaɗai ne aka ba da izinin ɗaukar fasinjoji zuwa tsibiran, kuma tikiti iri ɗaya yana ba ku damar zuwa jiragen ruwa, kewaye, gidan kayan gargajiya da jagororin sauti. Tsibirin Ellis da Statue na 'Yanci ana samun isarsu ne kawai ta hanyar jiragen ruwa da ke tashi daga wurare a Lower Manhattan da New Jersey.
Isla Libertad yana da wurin shakatawa mai kyau da gidan kayan gargajiya kuma shine mafi kyawun ɗaukar hotunan abin tunawa daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Gidan kayan tarihi na mutum-mutumi yana da manyan nune-nune kuma za ku ga ainihin fitilar a kan nuni. A nata bangare, tsibirin Ellis yana buɗe taga akan tarihin ƙaura zuwa Amurka.