Akwai tsaunin tsaunuka masu yawa waɗanda ke ƙetare yawancin Turai: tsaunin Alps. Duwatsu suna da ɗaukaka kuma yawancinsu sanannun ne, wuraren yawon buɗe ido, jaruman zane-zane, labarai da labarai dubu.
Mu hadu yau yaya tsawan tsauni da kuma cewa wurare lovely yana da a gare mu.
Alps din
Alps din suna tafiya fiye ko lessasa da kilomita 1200 suna ratsa kasashe takwas daga yamma zuwa gabas a nahiyar Turai. Yawancin kilomitoci da yawa kamar suna da yawa amma a gaskiya ba su da yawa, kuma suna da ɗan ƙaramin sarkar sarkar da ke tashi daga tsaunukan Atlas a Arewacin Afirka zuwa Himalayas, a Asiya, suna ratsa Turai.
Alps yana gudu daga arewa, daga gabar Bahar Rum kusa da Nice, Faransa, zuwa Lake Geneva kuma ya juya gabas-arewa maso gabas zuwa Vienna. Suna taɓa Danube a can, a cikin Vienna Woods, kuma sun ɓace a cikin filin. Wadanne kasashe ne suka tsallaka tsaunukan Alps? Faransa, Italia, Switzerland, Jamus, Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosniya da Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia da Albania. Daga cikin wadannan kasashen Austria da Switzerland kawai ana iya ganin su azaman ƙasashe masu tsayi.
Alps din zauna kusan kilomita murabba'i dubu 207 kuma ba tare da wata shakka ba suna daga cikin alamomin nahiyar. Kuma wannan ta wata hanya ba za a iya kwatanta ta da tsaunukan tsaunuka waɗanda aka kirkira fiye da ƙasa da miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata kamar masu girma Andes ko Himalayas. Amma Turai ita ce Turai, saboda haka waɗannan tsaunuka a wasu lokuta suna da shahara fiye da sauran.
Alps ya kasance kuma har yanzu shine injinin tattalin arzikin ƙasa da yawa. Idan ƙarnuka da yawa tattalin arziƙin makiyaya ne, tun daga ƙarni na XNUMX masana'antar ta fi yawa bisa ga abubuwan da duwatsu da kansu ke bayarwa: baƙin ƙarfe, ruwan da ake amfani da shi a cikin tsire-tsire masu amfani da ruwa, alminiyon, masana'antar sinadarai, ƙarfe ... Kuma, me yasa ba, yawon shakatawa, masana'antu ba tare da hayaki ba.
Amma menene asalin Alps? Wannan tsaunin tsauni kafa tsakanin shekaru miliyan 65 zuwa 44 da suka gabata, a ƙarshen lokacin Mesozoic. Bayanin martabar kasa na farko sannan aka sami sauye-sauye a kan lokaci, kankara, alal misali, ya sifanta tsaunukan Alps sosai, tare da samar da kyawawan tsaunuka, da kwari masu fadi da zurfi, da ruwa, da manyan tafkuna, da tuddai da sauransu. A waccan lokacin Lake Constance, da Salzkammergut, da Staubbach waterfall, da Matterhorn ko Grossglockner, alal misali, an haife su.
Don haka, a zamaninmu, Alps ya kasu kashi biyu zuwa Yankin Alps na yamma, tsaka-tsakin Alps, da kuma yankin Gabas na Alps waxanda suke da tsaunuka daban-daban. Yammacin Alps yana farawa ne daga arewa daga bakin teku, yana ratsa kudu maso gabashin Faransa da arewa maso gabashin Italiya zuwa Tafkin Geneva da kwarin Rhône a Switzerland. A nan ne tsaunukan Maritime, na ƙasa da na kusa da Tekun Bahar Rum, da zurfin Verdon Canyon ko kuma daskararren kololuwa na Mercantour Massif da Mont Blanc mai tsayin mita 4.807, mafi girma a cikin dukkan tsaunukan Alps.
da Tsakiyar tsaunuka Sun fara ne daga San Bernardo Pass, gabas da Mont Blanc da kan iyakar Switzerland da Italia, zuwa yankin Spl northgen Pass, arewacin tafkin Como A wannan yankin da muka shata yanzu akwai manyan kololuwa irin su Matterhorn, Finsteraarhorn, the Weisshorn da Dufourspitze, duk suna tashi. Hakanan akwai tabkuna masu kankara na Maggiore da Como, waɗanda suka malala cikin Kogin Po.
A nasu bangaren Gabatar Alps suna daga cikin tsaunin tsauni na Rätische a Switzerland, tsaunukan Bavaria a Jamus da yammacin Austria, Dolomites a Italiya, Julian Alps a arewa maso gabashin Italiya da arewacin Slovenia, tsaunukan Tauern a Austria ko Dinaric Alps da ke yankin Balkan. Kogunan da ke yankin su ne Mur, da Drau, da Sava, da Salzach, da Enns ko kuma tafkin Garda.
Gaskiyar ita ce Saukewar Alps ba shi da kyau: manyan tsaunuka suna yamma, a cikin Mont Blanc massif da Finsteraahorn massif, yankin Monte Rosa ko Weisshorn massif. Amma gaskiya ne cewa kowace ƙasa tana da mafi tsayi mafi tsayi. Misali? Da kyau, a Ostiraliya shine Grossglockner, a cikin Jamus Zugspitze, a cikin Slovenia the Triglav.
Pero ba wai kawai sauƙaƙan Alps ba ne ba daidai ba amma har da yanayin. Saboda bambancin tsawo akwai bambancin yanayi, ba wai kawai tsakanin tsaunukan dutse ba amma a cikin tsaunukan tsauni guda. Alps ya fi shafar farko tasirin yanayi guda hudu: daga yamma akwai yanayin yanayi mai sanyi da sanyi, daga arewa mafi sanyi da yanayi mai kyau, daga gabas yanayin bushewa da sanyi wanda ke kawo rani mai zafi, kuma daga kudu akwai iska mai dumama ta Rum.
Yanzu, a nan muna sha'awar yawon shakatawa don haka ...Me Alps ke baiwa matafiya? Da kyau, tun daga ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na biyu, yawon buɗe ido yana ta ƙaruwa kuma ƙasashe suna gasa don jan hankalin matafiya. A cikin tsaunukan Alps akwai kewaye Gidajen motsa jiki na kankara 600 kuma 270 daga cikinsu suna cikin Austria ne kawai. Kodayake mutum ya hada duwatsu da yawon shakatawa na hunturu, amma kuma akwai yawon bude ido mai yawa, don haka ana iya cewa akwai wurare da yawa wadanda tattalin arzikinsu ya mayar da hankali kan yawon bude ido.
Sa'ar al'amarin shine matsalolin sufuri a baya ne. Zuwa ga al'adun gargajiya na dutsen an kara hanyoyi, hanyoyin mota, layin dogo, ramuka kuma a bayyane, jiragen sama, don haka a yau babu wurin da ba za a iya zuwa ba.
Ina zan je a tsaunukan Alps? En Alemania akwai wurare masu kyau da yawa a cikin tsaunukan Bavaria. Lokacin wasan motsa jiki yana daga ƙarshen Disamba zuwa Afrilu da bazara tsakanin ƙarshen Mayu da farkon Nuwamba. Babban wuraren shakatawa a yankin shine Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Halin Bavaria na hutu, amma kuma zaka iya ziyarci Oberstdorf, Füssen da Berchtesgaden.
Idan ka yi hayan mota, ɗayan mafi kyawun hanyoyi masu tsayi shine Hanyar Alpine ta Jamusawa wacce ke tafiyar kilomita 450 daga Lindau, a tafkin Constance, zuwa Schönau. Alps a ciki Austria suna ba mu kyawawan shimfidar wurare na kwarin Danube da filin Pannonian, gami da garuruwa da biranen da ake ganin an karɓe su daga katin gaisuwa, a cikin Slovenia Alps da Bahar Rum sun haɗu da filin Pannoniya ɗaya kuma akwai kogo, dazuzzuka, kwaruruka, tuddai , magudanan ruwa da tafkuna da duwatsu domin yawo.
En Francia Alps kuma yana haifar da kyawawan wurare, tare da ƙauyuka da kagarai, a ciki Italia abubuwan al'ajabi ma suna faruwa amma kamar yadda muka fada a farko, idan kawai kuna son kusan 100% shimfidar ƙasa mai tsayi to ... makomarku ita ce Switzerland!
Switzerland tana da tsaunuka masu ban tsoro, jiragen ƙasa na kwalliya, motocin kebul, kololuwar kankara tare da hasumiyoyi masu faɗi, alatu da wuraren shakatawa masu sauƙi, biranen duniya da al'adu da yawa tare. Koyaya, Ina tsammanin a bayyane yake cewa azaman turawa Turai, a lokacin sanyi ko lokacin rani, Alps.