Zviuru zvevanhu zvinotora metro yeMadrid zuva rega rega kutenderera guta guru reSpain. Iyo ndiyo inokurumidza nzira yekufambisa uye imwe yeakanakisa maguta epasirese. Mambo Alfonso XIII akavhura chikamu chekutanga chaibatanidza Sol neCuatro Caminos muna Gumiguru 1919 uye kubvira ipapo haina kumira kukura.
Zvisinei, metro yeMadrid yakanyanya kupfuura nzira yekufambisa. Kunyangwe zvingave zvisingaratidzike senge, zvakare inoshamisa mamuseum nekuti inochengetera hupfumi hunonakidza hwakamirira kuwanikwa nevafambi vanokurumidza. Pano tinokuratidza zvimwe zvacho kuitira kuti nguva inotevera yaunofamba munzira yepasi pevhu unomira uchifungisisa, kana uchida, chidimbu cheNhoroondo yedu.
Nhoroondo yeMadrid Metro
Musi waOctober 17, 1919, Mambo Alfonso XIII akavhura chiteshi chekutanga cheMetro muMadrid: Nzira ina. Mazuva gumi neshanu gare gare, vatyairi vanopfuura zviuru makumi mashanu vakaita rwendo rwekutanga vakaona mafambiro avakaita nguva yenguva yavo kubva pahafu yeawa netram kusvika maminetsi gumi pane njanji yemaguta. Yakanga iri yepakati yeramangwana uye kunyangwe pakutanga ikamutsa kufungidzira kwakawanda, kubudirira kwacho kwakabva kwaitika.
Makore maviri gare gare kuwedzera kwekutanga kuAtocha kwakasvika uye muna 1924 mutsara 2 pakati paSol naVentas yakatangwa. Panguva iyoyo tikiti rekutanga kutenderera uye erevheta yekutanga yakatanga kuoneka, yakazobhadharwa.
Kunyangwe iyo Hondo Yenyika yakanga isingakwanise kumisa kufambira mberi kwayo. Mavhiki mashoma mushure mekutanga kwekurwa, mutsara 3 wakavhurwa, pakati paSol naEmbajadores. Nekudaro, yaigarwa nekukasika uye yaifanirwa kuvharwa senge iyo Goya-Diego de León mutsara (wazvino mutsara 4). Panguva ino, ngoro dzakashandura kutakurwa kwevagari neyavo yemabhokisi kuenda kumakuva kumabvazuva uye tunnel yaishandiswa senzvimbo dzekuchengetedza panguva yemabhomba.
Munguva yehutongi hwaFranco uye pamwe nekuwedzera kwevanhu kuwanda kwema60, mapuratifomu emutsara 1 akawedzerwa kubva pamakumi matanhatu kusvika pamamita makumi mapfumbamwe. Munguva yekushandurwa uku, Chamberí chiteshi chakavharwa sezvo shanduko dzisingakwanise kuitwa sezvazvaive pa curve.
Mumakore akatevera iyo Metro Metro yaizowana kukura kukuru. Mutsara wechi1960 yakavhurwa muna 5 uye muna 1974 mutsara 7 pakati pePueblo Nuevo neLas Musas. Gare gare yaizosvika mutsara wechitanhatu (denderedzwa), yekare 6 (inova chikamu chevane gumi uye yakaita nzira yeNuevos Ministerios-Fuencarral) ne8, nemakiromita zana akasvika pakavhurwa chikamu chePaza Castilla-Herrera. Oria muna 10.
Muma90, kuvakwa kwemitsetse 8 ne11 kwakatanga uye iyo Metro de Madrid yakanga ichigadzirira kusiya guta guru yakasunga Arganda del Rey uye Rivas Vaciamadrid.
Parizvino, Metro inosvika gumi nemaviri manisiparasi uye yega yeMadrid ine chiteshi 12 metres kubva kumba kwavo. Vanopfuura mamirioni maviri nehafu vanhu vanoshandisa nzira iyi yekufambisa zuva rega rega, iyo ikozvino, kuburikidza nemutsetse wechi600, inobatanidzawo Alcorcón, Fuenlabrada, Getafe, Leganés neMóstoles.
Iyo Madrid Metro nhasi ndiyo imwe yemahombekombe makuru epasi rose uye tichienzanisa neiyo yemakuru makuru ekumadokero, inomira nekuda kwehutsanana, kuchengetedzeka uye kwazvino zvivakwa. Izvo zvakatanga seprojekiti diki yekuvandudza kufamba kwevagari veMadrid nhasi uno ndeimwe yemasisitimu makuru epasi rose, pamwe neNew York, London neParis.
Metro de Madrid, inoshamisa pevhu miziyamu
Madrid iguta rinonakidza zvekuti rinochengeta zvakavanzika kunyangwe pasi pevhu. Iwe unongofanirwa kutenderera yepasi pevhu kuti uone.
Semuenzaniso, kana iwe wakambofamba mumutsara wekutanga uye ukapfuura nepakati pezviteshi zveBilbao neIglesia, iwe uchave waona kuvapo kweye chiteshi chekare uko chitima chisingamire. Inozivikanwa se "chiteshi chemweya" asi zita rayo chairo ndiChamberí uye chaive chimwe chezviteshi zvisere zvakaumba mutsetse uyu pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Madrid Metro | Chamberí Chiteshi
Muna 1966 zvaidikanwa kuwedzera huwandu hwengoro pazvitima zvemutsara uye sezvo mapuratifomu aisakwanisa kuwedzerwa kuti aenderane nehurefu hwezvitima, yakavharwa nekuda kwekuswedera kwenzvimbo dzepedyo. Yakagadzirwa nemugadziri Antonio Palacios, yakaramba isingashandiswi kweanopfuura makore makumi mana uye kunyangwe ikakwidzwa nezvidhina, yakaparadzwa. Muna 2006, chirongwa chekuvandudza chakatanga kudzoreredza chiteshi uye kugadzira musamu musununguko nekuwana mahara iyo yekushambadzira nayo yaive yepasi pevhu yaive yakaita sei mukutanga kwayo.
Kune rumwe rutivi, art zvakare ine yakakosha niche muMadrid Metro. Pachiteshi cheRetiro (mutsara 2) imwe yemapuratifomu yakashongedzwa nemidhuri nemunyori wemifananidzo anozivikanwa Antonio Mingote. Iyo zvakare ine yekuratidzira horo iyo inogara kwenguva pfupi kutora mifananidzo uye kupenda kuratidzira.
Pane chiteshi cheGoya (mitsara 2 ne4) kune zvakare musamu chaiye wevanoda kupenda. Pane papuratifomu yemutsara wechina pane makopi ezvinyorwa zvakati wandei zvakaiswa mumucheto chena waFrancisco de Goya. Hwerengedzo makumi masere ekuberekwazve nemufananidzo weAragonese anoenderana neLos Caprichos neTauromaquia nhevedzano. Pasina kupokana, nzira yakanaka yekuzvivaraidza apo chitima chinosvika pachiteshi.
Archaeology zvakare ine nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa muMadrid Metro. Iwo mapaipi eEpera neCarpetana vanopupurira izvi. Mune yekutanga, zvisaririra zvekuchera matongo kubva muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX nerechi XNUMX zvakawanikwa zvakachengetedzwa uye zvazove chikamu chemuseum mizhinji yekuchera matongo muzinda uri pasi pevhu. Izvo zvakasara ndezve kune sosi uye yeAmaniel gwara.
Mune wechipiri, zvisaririra zvakawanikwa pachiitiko chekuchera kuvaka maelevhuru muna 2008. NdezveMiddle Miocene uye, kunyanya, kune genera rakadai seAnchitherium, Amphicyon kana Cheirogaster. Nhasi uno unogona kuona zvimiro zvezvisaririra izvi mumwaka wese sezvazvinoratidzwa mumakabati ekuratidzira achiperekedzwa nemapaneru anotsanangura.
Zvido zveMadrid Metro
- Iwo mabasa ekumisikidza metro network muMadrid yakatanga musi waGunyana 19, 1916. Makore matatu gare gare, Mambo Alfonso XIII akatanga iyi nzira yemazuva ano yekufambisa.
- Tikiti yekutanga yeMadrid Metro yaidhura masendi gumi neshanu neimwe nzira. Maawa ekushanda aibvira pa6: 20 mangwanani kusvika na2: 00 mangwanani.
- Kureba kwetambo dzese kunosvika makiromita mazana matatu nemakumi mana nemana, zvinoita iyo yechinomwe yakakura metro network pasi kuseri kweMoscow, Tokyo, Paris, London, Shanghai neNew York.
- Chiteshi panosangana mitsetse yakawanda chiri paAvenida de América ine ina yakazara.
- Mutsara une zviteshi zvakanyanya nhamba 1 ine maimira makumi matatu nematatu asi iwo unofamba wakarebesa mutsetse wegumi nembiri, unofukidza makiromita makumi mana nemazana mana.
- Chimwe chezvinhu zvakasarudzika zveMetro de Madrid ndizvo zvitima zvavo zvinomhanya kuruboshwea, apo mizhinji yezvivakwa zvechitima cheSpanish zvinoita kudaro kurudyi.
- Chiteshi cheAlto del Arenal (mutsetse 1) chakakosha zvakanyanya kupfuura zvazvinoita, sezvo paine Central Post iyo inodzora zvese zvinoitika mune yepasi peMadrid.