La Romanesque architecture muSpain Ndiyo imwe yevakapfuma uye yakasiyana-siyana munyika. Sezvaunoziva, yaive yekutanga hombe maitiro ehunyanzvi akabuda mu Ages European uye yakatonga chivako kusvika pakusvika kwe Gothic.
Zvisinei, kutanga kwayo hakuna kunyatsojeka. Mukuona kwenyanzvi, pane yekutanga Romanesque kana Lombard iyo yaizotanga kutenderera 9th century uye a late Romanesque iyo yaizotanga mazana maviri emakore gare gare uye yaizopfuura miganhu yezana remakore rechi15 kuti igare kwenguva yakati neGothic yambotaurwa. Tevere, tiri kuzokuratidza XNUMX mienzaniso yeRomanesque zvivakwa muSpain. Asi chokutanga tinoda kutaura newe nezvehunhu hwainopa.
Chii chinonzi Romanesque
Iyo inoshamisa castle yeLoarre
Naizvozvo, Romanesque ndiyo yekutanga tsika uye hunyanzvi maitiro akagadzirwa na Kubudirira kweEurope uye kwechiKristu. Kutaura idi, mazhinji emabasa ake akabatanidzwa nenyika yorudzidziso. Nezvezvivakwa, zvizhinji zvezvivakwa zvayo ndizvo machechi, dzimba dzemamongi nemaabbey, kunyange zvazvo akanga akavakwawo nhare nenhare.
Tinogona kutaura kuti yakabuda panguva imwe chete munyika dzinoverengeka nenzvimbo (France, España, peninsula yeItaly uye nzvimbo dzeGermany). Asi homogeneity yavo yaive nezvakawanda zvekuita nayo dzidziso dzechitendero dzakadai saCistercian neCluny, iyo, mukuwedzera kwayo mukondinendi yose, yakaitora kwose kwose. Saizvozvo, iyo generalization yeRomanesque art yakapesvedzerwa ne kuenda kuSantiago de Compostela kubva kune zvose Europe.
Zvinhu zviviri izvi zvakakurudzira kuvakwa kwemachechi matsva nedzimba dzemamongi munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana zvichipawo basa kuvavezi nevapendi vaishongedza temberi.
Hunhu hweRomanesque zvivakwa uye mienzaniso muSpain
Semicircular arches, zvinhu zvakakosha zveRomanesque architecture
Chinhu chakajairika uye chakakosha chinovaka chechimiro ndechekuti iyo semicircular arc kana hafu yedenderedzwa. Uye, pamusoro peizvi, midziyo yebhari kana hovhoni (quarter sphere) kuvhara zvivakwa. Mukuwedzera, idzi dzakakura kudarika dzakapfuura pre-Romanesque.
Kune rumwe rutivi, sekutsigira, ivo vanoshandiswawo cylindrical kana transverse mbiru. Kana iri misoro yetemberi, yakagadzirwa hafu ngoma uye yakashongedzwa nemaarch uye mabhendi (ayo anonzi Lombard arches, ayo ari mapofu arches). Mavhavha acho makuru uye, kazhinji, mumoto, kureva, nekuderera kunofambira mberi kune mukati. Uye, seyakagadzirwa, dombo rinoshandiswa, kazhinji risina kupukutwa. Pakupedzisira, vatove mukupera kweRomanesque, vakaisa zvivezwa zvezvishongo pamafacades.
Aya ndiwo, kutaura zvakanyanya, maitiro eRomanesque architecture in España uye mune mamwe Europe. Kana zvangotsanangurwa, tichaona gumi neshanu mienzaniso yakanaka kwazvo munyika yedu.
Cathedral yeSantiago de Compostela, Romanesque art muSpain yakazivisa World Heritage Site
Cathedral yeSantiago de Compostela, pamwe muenzaniso wakanakisa weRomanesque architecture muSpain
Ndiwo mumwe wemienzaniso mikuru yekuvakisa kweRomanesque muSpain uye inorondedzerwa se Nhaka Yenyika kubvira 1985. Kuvakwa kwayo kwakatanga muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, mushure memauto e Almanzor Vakaparadza temberi yekare. Kutsaurwa kwayo kwakaitika mugore ra1211, kunyange zvazvo mabasa akapfuurira muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX.
Saizvozvo, vamwe veakanakisa nyanzvi dzenguva dzakashanda ipapo, senge, semuenzaniso, Bernard Mukuru kana the vadzidzisi Esteban naMateo. Kukupedzisira kune zvinoshamisira portico of Glory. Nekudaro, chimwe chezvishamiso zvecathedral, iyo Facade yaObradoiro Iyo baroque uye inoenderana nemugadziri Novoa Dzimba.
Yakavharirwa nemadziro yeCardona castle
Cardona Castle, nhasi vashanyi vanomira
Iri muguta iroro mudunhu re Barcelona, yave iri National Monument kubvira 1931. Kuvakwa kwayo kwakatanga pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nehurongwa hwe Wifred the Bvudzi, feudal ishe wenguva iyoyo. Pakati pezvivakwa zvinogadzira, iyo chechi yeSan Vicente, asiwo, mukati mevanogarwa, makamuri eGoridhe neMezzanine. Iwe unogona kushanyira iyo yakaoma uye kunyange kugara ipapo, nekuti inoshanda senge inomira yevashanyi.
Monastery yeSanta María de Ripoll
Monastery yeSanta María de Ripoll
Isu hatisi kubva kuCatalonia kuti tikuudze nezve chimwe chishamiso cheRomanesque architecture muSpain chauchawana mudunhu re Girona. Iyo imba yeBenedictine yakavambwa, zvakare, na Wifred the Bvudzi munenge mugore ra880 uye yaifanira kunge yakashanda senzvimbo yekuvigwa nhamba dzeBarcelona. Saizvozvo, mukati meMiddle Ages yakava nzvimbo yakakosha yekuparadzira tsika. Kubva 1913 yanga iri Asset yeNyika Inofarira.
Chechi yeSan Clemente de Tahull
Chechi yeSan Clemente de Tahull
Isu tapfuura tichienda kudunhu re Lleida kuti ndikuratidze chechi yeSan Clemente de Tahull, mukati memupata weBohí. Panguva imwecheteyo, inoumba yakaziviswa yakaoma pamwe nemamwe tembere dzeRomanesque munzvimbo iyi. Nhaka Yenyika. Iyo inomira kunze kweiyo yakakwana basilica hurongwa uye, pamusoro pezvose, kune yayo inoshamisa bhero shongwe yemanhurikidzwa matanhatu, ayo ane sikweya uye akasununguka uye anopindura kune Lombard Romanesque style.
Poblet Monastery
Poblet Monastery, chimwe chishongo cheRomanesque architecture muSpain
Zvakare mudunhu re Tarragona Isu tinowana anoshamisa maekiseni eRomanesque art muSpain. Iyi monastery inoonekwa semuenzaniso wakakwana we cistercian abbey uye yakavakwa muzana remakore rechi12. Iwe uchaiwana muBarberá basin, kunyanya, mune maneja we Vimbodí uye Poblet. Inoshandiswa seimba yehumambo nemadzimambo ekupedzisira e Korona yeAragon, zvakare Nhaka Yenyika.
Cathedral yeSan Pedro de Jaca
San Pedro Cathedral muJaca
Kuvakwa kwayo kwakatanga muzana remakore rechi11, panguva imwe chete iyo Santiago yakanga ichivakwa. Izvi hazvisi masanga, asi mhedzisiro ye kukwidziridzwa kwenzira yerwendo, izvo vaida kuratidza kuburikidza netemberi dzinoshamisa. Yakave neyakasiyana-siyana shanduko dzakazotevera dzakafukidza maitiro ayo eRomanesque. Asi ichiri kuonekwa, pamusoro pezvose, mukati uye mune rimwe remasuo aro.
Monastery yeSan Juan de la Peña
Iyo inoshamisa monastery yeSan Juan de la Peña
Iri mumhoteredzo yakasikwa inoorora, sezvo iri pasi pedombo guru rakaboorwa kuti rive mamwe emakamuri aro. Somuenzaniso, the mozarabic church. Ndeyedhorobha re Botaya, mudhorobha re Pony. Rakashandawo seguva revanoverengeka madzimambo eAragoni uye chikamu chechikamu cheAragonese che Mugwagwa waSantiago.
Loarre Castle
Panoramic yeLoarre Castle
Romanesque art yakashandiswawo pakuvaka zvivakwa zvevagari. Muenzaniso wakanaka weiyi nhare yeLoarre, yauchawana pasina kusiya purovhinzi Huesca, nokuti iri muna Hoya region. Muchokwadi, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha uye yakachengetedzwa yakachengetedzwa yeRomanesque yakaoma munyika yedu. Yakatangira muzana remakore rechi11 uye mune yakaoma shongwe dzeHomenaje naMambokadzi. Seanecdote, isu tichakuudza kuti yakaonekwa mumafirimu akadai Zita rerosi o umambo hwokudenga.
Monastery yeSan Salvador de Leyre
Monastery yeSan Salvador de Leyre
Isu zvino tinoenda kune Foral Nharaunda yeNavarra kuwana ichi chimwe chinoshamisa cheRomanesque architecture muSpain. Iyo imba yemamongi yeBenedictine yakatsaurwa muzana ramakore rechi 11 iyo yakashanda, senge mune dzimwe nyaya dzakapfuura, senge yehumambo, mune iyi nyaya ye madzimambo eNavarre. Mukuwedzera, yakanga iri nzvimbo inokosha yetsika uye yemweya mu Ages.
Chechi yeSanta María de Eunate
Chechi yeSanta María de Eunate
Hatina kubva kuNavarra kuti ndikuratidze ichi chimwe chinoshamisa chiri makiromita maviri kubva Muruzábal. Zvinotendwa kuti kuvakwa kwayo, kwezana remakore rechi12, kwakakonzerwa ne hurongwa hweTemberi, kunyange zvazvo isina kutenderwa. Sezvinocherechedzwa maficha, isu tinokurudzira kuti iwe utarise yayo octagonal floor plan uye yayo outer cloister.
Royal Collegiate Chechi yeSan Isidoro
Iyo Royal Collegiate Chechi yeSan Isidoro muLeón
Zvingave sei neimwe nzira, Castile naLeon Iyo ine mimwe yeakanakisa mienzaniso yeRomanesque architecture muSpain. Chechi iyi yemubatanidzwa iri muguta iri rakapedzisira kutaurwa uye inoonekwa seimwe yevakabudirira zvikuru kuvaka kwechimiro ichi munyika yedu. Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvayo zvakakosha ndezvi Royal Pantheon nemifananidzo yake, isidorian basilica nemikova yaro yeGwayana neyokuregererwa uye ne museum yezvitsvene art.
San Martin de Frómista
Chechi yeSan Martín de Frómista
Isu tinoenderera mberi muCastilla y León, asi mudunhu re Palencia, kuti tizive imba yemamongi iyi yakavambwa mugore ra1066 na Mai Mayor, Countess of Castile. Kunze, iyo octagonal dome pamusoro pe transept uye yayo shongwe mbiri dzecylindrical pa facade. Kana zviri zvemukati, tarisa misoro makumi mashanu zvezvikepe.
Collegiate Chechi yeSanta Juliana
Chechi inokarisa yemubatanidzwa yeSantillana del Mar
Inowanikwa muguta reCantabrian re santillana del mar, yakavakwa muzana remakore rechi12 pane imwe temberi yapfuura. Iwe uchanyanya kufarira iyo huru façade, ine hombe semicircular arch uye, pamusoro payo, frieze inomiririra pantocrator. Uyezve, mukati, ine a akapfuma sculptural decoration chimiro chekupedzisira kweRomanesque.
Romanesque cloister yeSanto Domingo de Silos
Iyo Romanesque cloister yeSanto Domingo de Silos
Iyo cloister yeBurgos monastery ye Mutsvene Dominic weSirosi Inoonekwa seimwe yeakanakisa Romanesque zvivakwa muSpain. Yakavakwa pakati pezana ramakore rechi 11 nerechi 12 uye yakatanhamara nokuda kwedzimbahwe rayo uye, pamusoro pazvose, nokuda kwaro inoshamisa. bas-reliefs ine zvechitendero motif seAnnunciation, Pentekosti kana kupokana kwaSaint Thomas.
Chechi yeCollegiant yeSanta María la Mayor
Chechi yemubatanidzwa yeSanta María la Mayor muToro
Iye zvino tava kuenda kuguta reZamora Toro kuona kereke yayo inoshamisa yemubatanidzwa. Vavaki vayo, vakaivaka muzana remakore rechi12, vakakurudzirwa ne Zamora Cathedral. Saizvozvowo, yakashanda semuenzaniso kune chembere ye Salamanca. Usakanganwa kutarisa kuchamhembe façade uye inoshamisa biravira raMambo, kunyange iyi yatova gothic. Uyezve, mune sacristy yayo pane diki museum yezvitsvene art pamwe nezvidimbu zveflamenco.
Mukupedzisa, takuratidzai 15 mienzaniso ye Romanesque architecture muSpain. Asi, sezvaunonzwisisa, kune vamwe vakawanda. Somuenzaniso, the Chechi yeChokwadi Muchinjikwa en the monumental Segoviala Chechi yeCollegiate yeSan Pedro de Cervatos muCantabria kana kuti chechi yeSanta María la Real muSangüesa (Navarra). Huya uone zvivakwa izvi zvinoshamisa.