Acropolis, chii ichocho

Isu tese takanzwa nezve Acropolis ye Chania. Takatoverenga nezvayo uye takaishanyira. Asi, wakamboshamisika kuti nei iripo uye chii chaive basa rayo. Muchikamu chino, tichatsanangura zvese zvaunoda kuziva nezve a acropolis, chii ichocho Uye wakaita basa rei munguva dzekare? Zvadaro, tichakuudza nezvevamwe vanozivikanwa zvikuru.

Acropolis Rinoreva "guta riri pamusoro" muchiGiriki. Uye, zvechokwadi, yaive nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemaguta echiGiriki. Vagari vayo vekare vakagara munzvimbo idzo dzakakwirira uye dzakatenuka kuti vazvidzivirire zviri nani pakurwiswa nevavengi. Nokufamba kwenguva, maguta akawedzera kuva nzvimbo dzakaderera. Asi vagari vayo vakachengeta acropolis kuti ivande munguva dzehondo kurwisa vamwe mapurisa vavakidzani Ivowo, nokuda kwemamiriro avo ezvinhu akaisvonaka uye zera ravo, vakavamba imba zvivakwa zvakanyanya zviratidzo uye yakanga iri nzvimbo yemisangano inokosha. Kana zvese nezve acropolis zvatsanangurwa, kuti chii uye kuti yakashandiswa sei, isu tichakuratidza iwe zvimwe zvakakosha.

Acropolis yeAtene

Pasina kupokana, ndiyo ine mukurumbira mukurusa munyika. Gore negore inoshanyirwa nemamiriyoni evashanyi vanodzoka vachifadzwa nehukuru hwayo. Kana ari iye, iri pachikomo chakareba mamita zana nemakumi mashanu. Sekuda kuziva, tichakuudza kuti inozivikanwawo se Crecopy, mukukudza mambo wokutanga weAtene: nyoka yengano-munhu Crecope.

Nokuti mavambo eAcropolis yeAtene ndeekare. Muchokwadi, zvinozivikanwa, kubva pazvisaririra zvakawanikwa, kuti kune yekare mycenaean mumireniyumu yechipiri Kristu asati auya uye imwe yekare, inenge, muzana remakore rechitanhatu pamberi penguva yedu. Zvisinei, iyo yatinoziva nhasi ndeye classical stage yebudiriro yechiGiriki. Kubva pane dzakapfuura, yakavakwazve ne pericles (495-429 BC), uyo akapa kuvaka kwayo kune akakosha maartist saiye mukuru Phidias, mugadziri wezvivezwa zveParthenon yakakurumbira. Uye izvi zvinotitungamira kuti titaure pamusoro pezvakanyanya zviratidzo zvivakwa.

Iyo Parthenon

Tichangotanga nebasa guru iri. Vagadziri vayo vaive Callicrates e Ictinus, iyo sezvingabvira yakashandisa nheyo dzetembere yekare yainzi Hecatompedon. Inotora nzvimbo inosvika makumi manomwe nemakumi matatu emamita uye yakakomberedzwa nemakoramu anopfuura gumi pakakwirira. Zvakare, iri paplinth inosvikwa nematanho matatu.

Mukati, yakakamurwa kuita makamuri maviri akazvimirira. Iyo yekumabvazuva ihombe uye yakasimba Doric mbiru inoparadzanisa nave dzayo nhatu. Mukuwedzera, iyo ndiyo yaigara iyo chivezwa chakakurumbira cheAthena yakagadzirwa na Phidias nendarama nenyanga dzenzou. Kune chikamu chayo, iyo yekumadokero ine mbiru dzeIonic uye yakatemerwa kuchengetedza pfuma yemwarikadzi. Nekudaro, tembere yacho kazhinji ndeyeDoric, kunyangwe paine chinhu chimwe chakatanhamara chepakutanga.

Tinotaura newe nezvazvo frieze yakanaka iri mumadziro echikepe. Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, hapana chivako chaDoric chakanga chashandisa nzvimbo iyoyo kuiisa. Chero zvazvingaitika, frieze ndeimwe yemhando huru dze Phidias. Pamwe chete nemamita zana nemakumi matanhatu pakureba, akaveza mifananidzo yevanhu mazana matatu nemakumi manomwe nesere uye mhuka mazana maviri nemakumi mana neshanu mumabhura.

Iyo Erechtheion yeAcropolis

Nemukuru wayo ane mukurumbira (kana stoa) inobatwa nevatanhatu Caryatids mifananidzo, chimwe chezvivakwa zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa paAcropolis. Itemberi yakatsaurirwa vanamwari Poseidon y Athena, asiwo kuna mambo wengano weAtene erectus, saka izita rayo.

Chivako ichi chinonzi chine mugadziri Menesicles, uyo akatevera hurongwa hweIonic hwekuivaka mumabhura kubva kuMount Pentelico. Yakanga yakarongedzerwa kuchengeta zvimwe zvezvisaririra zvinokosha zvikurusa nokuda kwavaAtene. Pakati pavo, the Palladium, chifananidzo chemapuranga chaAthena icho, maererano nengano, chakanga chawa kubva kudenga. Madzimambo akavigwawo ikoko Crecope uye zvake erectus. Kunyange mwanasikana wokupedzisira, PandrosusYaiva nechapel.

Zvimwe zvivakwa zveAcropolis yeAtene

Kune zvimwe zvakawanda zvivakwa zvakakosha paAcropolis, kutanga ne Propylaea, iyo, nembiru dzayo nhanhatu huru dzeDoric, dzakaumba musuo wenzvimbo yakakomberedzwa. Iwe unofanirwawo kushanyira iyo Temberi yeAthena Nike, basa re Callicrates uye nemafriezes ayo akatsaurirwa kuMedical Wars; the nzvimbo tsvene yeAtemisi Bauronia, ine dura rayo remamita makumi matatu nemasere rakareba raigara rakadhindwa rebronze re Troy Bhiza, uye mukurusa portico of eumenes, yakavakwa kare muzana remakore rechipiri BC.

Asi, pamusoro pezvose, inosimbisa iyo theatre ye dionysus, inonzi ndiyo yekare kudarika dzimwe dzose munyika. Yakanga iine matinji makumi manomwe nesere akapatsanurwa nedenderedzwa nzira uye gallery kune zviremera. Pamberi pavo pakanga pane orchestra uye, mberi, proscenium, chikuva chakareba apo vatambi vakanyatsoshanda. Pakupedzisira, kumashure kwaiva nechiitiko, icho chakanga chakaenzana nechechi yedu yekuseri. Vanyori vemitambo vakuru vechiGiriki, kubva tsindi vakakwira Aristophanes, achipfuura Sophocles y Euripides.

Acropolis yeKorinde

Kunyange zvazvo isina kufanana neyaiva muAtene, yakanga ichikoshawo zvikuru munguva dzekare. Yakanga iri imwe yeacropolis yakakura muGreece. Mabviro ayo anodzokera kumashure ekupera kwezana ramakore rechinomwe Kristu asati asvika uye anowanikwa achitonga guta kubva pagomo rinosvika mazana matanhatu emamita kureba. Zvisinei, zvizhinji zvaunogona kuona mairi hazvisi zvenguva dzechiGiriki kana dzeRoma, asi kuMiddle Ages.

Zvisinei, nheyo dzinoramba dziripo temberi yeaphrodite, chivako chinonyanya kukosha mune yakaoma. Mukati maigara chifananidzo chemwarikadzi uye nezvimwe zve Eros y Helios, uyu mudziviriri wokupedzisira weKorinde. Pane kudaro, akapotsa zvachose Sisypheus, UN tholos kana semicircular monument iyo ingangove yakatsaurirwa kwairi Zeus oa Ares.

Asi zvakawanikwa tsime rePyrenees, ichokwadi kuti pasi pechivharo cheRoma. Sezviri pachena, pedyo naye pakanga pane chifananidzo chamwari wacho Apollo uye, maererano nengano, yakanga iri pano iyo Bellerophon yakakwanisa kudzora bhiza Pegasus.

Aso Acropolis

Vatsvagiri pavakatanga kudzidza nezve nhoroondo yebasa reacropolis, kuti yaive chii uye kuti yaishandiswa sei, vakakurumidza kuona kuti yaive yakakosha mukati mekuronga kweguta. Yakajeka Greece. Izvi zvinogonawo kuonekwa muacropolis yeAso, guta riripo parizvino Turkey, asi kuti, muAntiquity, aiva Helena.

Sezviri pachena, yakavambwa zvakare muzana ramakore rechinomwe Kristu asati asvika, asi, mune iyi nyaya, nevatorwa veAeolian kubva. Mytilene. Zvisinei, haina kucherwa kusvikira pakupera kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX nevanochera matongo vokuNorth America. Joseph thacher y Francis H Bacon. Izvi zvakatora zvakawanda zvezvidimbu zvakawanikwa kune Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Nekudaro, iwe unogona kuona vamwe mune iyo Louvre and in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum.

Asi, kudzokera kune acropolis yeAsos, ipapo iwe unogona kushanyira zvakasara zveiyo temberi yeAthena, nemaitiro ayo eDoric, madziro ekare, necropolis, imba yemitambo uye yemitambo yeRoma. Unogonawo kushanyira agora, aiva ne stoa kana mutungamiri ane mbiru, uye bouleuterion. Iyi yekupedzisira yaive nzvimbo yaisangana vagari vemo kuti vasarudze zvakakosha zveveruzhinji. Naizvozvo, chingave chimwe chinhu chakafanana nemakongiresi azvino evatevedzeri, sezvo vaive madhorobha.

Acropolis yePegamoni

Zvakare iri guta rekare rechiGiriki nhasi ndere Turkey. Uye, zvakaenzana, mairi iwe unogona kuona acropolis inokosha, zvakanyanya zvokuti Nhaka Yenyika. Axis yayo yepakati yaive Temberi yeAthena Nikephoros, yakavakwa ichitevedza manyoro eDoric. Parutivi pake pakanga pane Library, iyo, munguva yayo, yaive yechipiri pakukura munyika inozivikanwa mushure meiyo Alexandria. Kurutivi rwokumusoro kwaiva netemberi Royal Palace pedyo ne arsenal ne barracks.

Panzvimbo pezvo, kumaodzanyemba kwaiva negungwa atari yezeus icho, pasina mubvunzo, chakanga chiri chiyeuchidzo chinoshamisa. Yakanga yakareba mamita 36 ne34 yakafara uye yaisvikwa nemasitepisi makuru. Mukuwedzera, mbiru dzakasimba dzakatsigira sirin’i, yakashongedzwa nefrieze yaimirira kurwisana pakati pavamwari nehofori.

Saizvozvowo, acropolis yePergamoni yakanga ine hombe theatre Paigara vanhu zviuru gumi. Pamutsetse wemamita makumi matatu nemasere paiva nemitsara makumi matanhatu nemisere yemabhenji. Uye, muchikamu chayo chepasi, chakabatana kune terrace inoshamisa yaishandiswa kufamba.

Kune rimwe divi, kunyangwe isiri yeacropolis, kana ukaishanyira, tinokupa zano kuti uende asclepion, iri makiromita anenge mana kubva muguta. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, yaiva temberi yakatsaurirwa kuna mwari weMishonga (Asclepius). Nechikonzero ichi, nyanzvi dzechirango ichi dzakasangana ipapo, kusanganisira nevakakurumbira Galen. Pamusoro pezvo, padhuze chaipo pane imwe temberi diki yakatsaurirwa telesphorus, hygieia y Panacea, vanakomana vaAsclepius uye vanamwari vaduku veMishonga.

Mukupedzisa, takatsanangura zvese nezve acropolis, chii ichocho uye kuti raishandiswei. Asi isu takakuratidzawo mamwe akanyanya kukosha eAntiquity kana iwe uchida kuvashanyira. Zvisinei, tinofanira kukuudza kuti, kupfurikidza nokuwedzera, boka ripi neripi rezvivako zvekare rinowanwa murutivi rwokumusoro rwamaguta dzimwe nguva rinodanwa kudaro. Semuenzaniso, avo ve Bratislava, Edinburgh o Constantinople. Kufamba kwenguva kwave kunetsa paacropolis, hunyanzvi hwemudhorobha, asi dzichiri nzvimbo dzemashiripiti. Shingai kuenda kwavari uye muchaona chikonzero nei.