Makuva emuRoma

Kufunga nezveRoma mukufunga nezve chivako chebudiriro yeWestern, mumakomo ayo manomwe, mukuvakwa kwayo kunoshamisa, uko kunopupurira kwayakakura kare. seguta guru rehumwe hukuru hwehushe hwekare. Uye zvechokwadi ndeyekunzwa moyo wechiKristu uchirova kubva kuVatican Square.

Nekuda kwenhoroondo yayo refu, muRome pane zvakawanda zvekutsvaga. Kwayakabva hakuzivikanwe kunyangwe vazhinji vachiratidzira kuti yakaitika muna 754 BC Kubva ipapo, guta rakaona nguva dzakasiyana dzenhoroondo yeItaly dzichipfuura, senge monarchy, republic kana humambo uye ese iwo akamutsa anecdotes anonakidza uye nyaya, chikamu chakanaka chazvo chinogara muRoma neimwe nzira kana imwe.

Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika kumarinda ekuRoma, makamuri epasi pevhu aishandiswa semakuva kwemazana emakore. Munguva yakapfuura pakanga paine makomba emakuva anodarika makumi matanhatu asi mashanu chete awo akatisvika mune mamiriro akanaka ekuvashanyira.

Mune inotevera posvo, isu tichaenda kumakate emakuva eRoma kuti tizive kwayakatangira, magumo ayo, maitiro ayo uye zvimwe zvakawanda. Usapotsa!

Ndeapi makatcombs eRoma?

Aya ndiwo maburi epasi pevhu ayo aishandiswa senzvimbo yekuviga nevaKristu vekutanga veRoma pamwe nevagari vechiJuda nevechiRoma.

Kune vaRoma yaive tsika yekupisa zvitunha zvemushakabvu asi maKristu havana kubvumirana netsika iyi, saka vakasarudza kugadzira aya makuva makuru epasi pevhu kuvapa kuviga zvinoenderana netsika dzechiKristu uye zvakare senzira yekugadzirisa matambudziko ekushayikwa kwenzvimbo uye nemutengo wakakwirira wepasi wavanowana nawo pakuviga kwavo.

Mutemo weRoma wenguva iyoyo waisatendera kuti mufi avigwe mukati meguta, saka nharaunda idzi dzaifanirwa kutsvaga makomba emuRoma kunze kwemadziro awo. Zvichida munzvimbo dzakavandika dzakavigwa pasi pevhu kuti vakwanise kuita tsika dzekuviga dzechiKristu vakasununguka uye pasina kunzwa kunetswa.

Makatatu ekutanga aigadzirwa kumucheto kweRome pane nyika paive nekwari. Nenzira iyi, izwi rekuti catacomb rinoreva "padyo nekwari." Makati emakuva eRoma aive nenhamba isingaverengeke yemavharanda epasi pevhu aigona kugadzira labyrinths yemakiromita akati wandei pakureba, pakateverwa mitsara mizhinji yemakona mana emakona mana.

Mitumbi yevafi yakaputirwa mune jira ndokuiswa mumicheka yekuzorora kwavo kusingaperi. Gare gare, akavharwa nematombo evhu uye, zvisingawanzo, nematombo emarble. Pakupedzisira, zita remushakabvu rakanyorwa pabutiro pamwe nechiratidzo chechiKristu.

Kwakatangira macatacombs eRoma

MaKristu akatanga kuchera makacacombs munguva dzakaoma, munenge muzana ramakore rechipiri AD, munguva dzekutambudzwa. Munguva yavakashandisa, marinda eRoma haana kungoshandurwa kuva marinda asiwo kuita nzvimbo yekunamatira uye nzvimbo iyo yavanonzwa vakachengeteka kuita kwavo kutenda.

Kutenderedza gore 313, nekusaina kwechirevo cheMilan, kutambudzwa kwaiitwa vatungamiriri veRoma pamusoro pevaKristu kwakapera, zvekuti vakave nerusununguko rwakawanda rwekutora nzvimbo vasingatyi kutorwa uye nekuvaka machechi madiki uko kunamata. Kunyangwe izvi zvaitika, nharaunda yevaKristu yakaramba ichishandisa makatcombs eRoma semakuva kusvika muzana ramakore rechishanu AD.

Mazana emakore akatevera, panguva yekupinda kwevatorwa kuItari, marinda emuRoma akaramba achipambwa uye maPope akateedzana akamanikidzwa kuendesa zvisaririra zvekuviga kumachechi eguta. Nekudaro, iyo catacombs yakasiyiwa uye yakareba kukanganikwa.

Catacombs eRoma

Sezvandakareva pakutanga kwenyaya, munguva yakapfuura pakanga paine anopfuura makumi matanhatu emakuva emakuva asi mashanu chete awo akavhurika kuruzhinji nhasi. Dzinonyanya kukosha uye dzinozivikanwa (San Calixto, San Sebastián neDomitila) dziri chinhambwe chipfupi kubva kune mumwe kune imwe nzira Via Appia uye inoshanda zvakanaka nemabhazi mumitsara 118 uye 218.

• Catacomb yaSaint Sebastian (Via Appia Antica, 136): makiromita gumi nemaviri pakureba, rine zita rayo kune musoja akaurairwa kutendeuka kuva chiKristu, San Sebastián. Pamwe pamwe nemakuva emakuva eSan Callisto, iwo akanakisa anogona kuoneka.
  Vhura kubva Muvhuro kusvika Mugovera kubva 9 am kusvika 00 pm uye kubva 12:00 pm kusvika 14:00 pm
• Catacombs eSaint Callisto (Via Appia Antica, 126): Makuva emakuva eSan Callisto aive nzvimbo yekuviga mapapa gumi nematanhatu uye makumi mairi evaKristu vakafira kutenda munetiweki yemaparenda anopfuura makiromita makumi maviri pakureba. Vhura kubva China kusvika Chipiri kubva 16:20 am kusvika 9:00 pm uye kubva 12:00 pm kusvika 14:00 pm
• Catacombs ePriscilla (Via Salaria, 430): Iwo ane mafrescoes akakosha kwazvo kune nhoroondo yehunyanzvi, sekumiririra kwekutanga kweMhandara Maria. Vanogona kushanyirwa kubva Chipiri kusvika Svondo kubva 9:00 a.m. kusvika 12:00 pm uye kubva 14:00 pm kusvika 17:00 pm
• Catacombs eDomitilla (Via delle Sette Chiese, 280): Aya makombu ane anopfuura makiromita gumi nemashanu pakureba akawanikwa muna 15 uye ane zita ravo kumuzukuru waVespasian. Vhura kubva Chitatu kusvika Muvhuro: kubva 1593:9 am kusvika 00:12 pm uye kubva 00:14 pm kusvika 00:17 pm
• Catacombs eSanta Agnes (Via Nomentana, 349): Ivo vane zita ravo kuna Musande Agnes, akaurairwa kutenda kwake kwechiKristu uye akavigwa mumakuva aya akazozotora zita rake. Vanogona kushanyirwa kubva 9:00 a.m. kusvika 12:00 pm uye kubva 16:00 pm kusvika 18:00 p.m. Ivo vanovharwa neSvondo mangwanani neMuvhuro masikati.

Kushongedza uye iconography yemakacacombs

Ose maviri kushongedzwa kwemakate emakuva eRoma uye neayo iconography yakashanduka nekufamba kwenguva. Pakutanga vaive nesimba rakakura kubva kuGreek nemadingindira ane chekuita nemhuka kana nyika yekudyara asi aine nhoroondo isinganzwisisike: njiva (Mweya Mutsvene), muzambiringa uye gorosi (Eucharist), peacock (nekusingaperi), hove (sakaramende rekubhabhatidza), nezvimwe.

Gare gare, kutenderedza zana ramakore rechitatu AD, madingindira eBhaibheri akabuda umo Kristu anomiririrwa seMufudzi Akanaka kana seMudzidzisi.

Nyanzvi dzezvekuchera matongo dzakakwanisa kunyora misi yemakacombs eRoma nekuda kwetsika yekugadzirisa mari kana ma cameo pamadziro izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuziva kuti mambo anga afira pasi pamambo upi. Semuenzaniso, imwe mari ine mufananidzo waDomitian uye mumwe waNero kana Vespasian.

Chii chekuona mumakacombs eRoma?

Kushanyira kumakacombs eRoma kunotibvumira kuziva in situ kuti kuvigwa kwevaKristu kwaive kwakadii panguva yavaitambudzwa. Zvinonakidza kufamba nemumakoridho emvura uye nekufungisisa zvisaririra zvemamwe mariro akaitwa mazana emakore apfuura.

Sekuda kuziva, nekuda kwekufa kukuru kwevacheche panguva iyoyo, mumakacaths eRoma tinogona kuona huwandu hwakawanda hwezvivakwa zvevana pamwe nemakuva makuru ekuviga mhuri dzese.

Mutengo wematikiti kumacacacs eRoma

• Vakuru: 8 euros
• Pasi pemakore gumi nemashanu: 15 euros