Mutsvene Michael wekukwira

San Miguel de Escalada ndeimwe yeakanyanya pre-romanesque zviyeuchidzo wedunhu re León. Yakanga iri imba yemamonk yakatsaurwa muna 913 kuti igare mamonki kubva Córdoba, asi parizvino chete kereke uye kumwe kutsamira.

Inowanikwa mumaspala e Vafambi, anenge makiromita makumi maviri nemanomwe kubva kuguta guru reLeón uye mu Mugwagwa waSantiago. Iyo yemamongi yakavakwa pane yekare chechi yeVisigoth yakatsaurwa, sezviri pachena, kuSan Miguel. Kana iwe uchida kuziva zvakawanda nezve ichi chishongo cheiyo pre-Romanesque, tinokukoka iwe kuti uenderere mberi nekuverenga.

Nhoroondo yeSan Miguel de Escalada

Mugore ra912, boka remamongi rinotungamirwa naAbbot Alfonso rakasvika munzvimbo ino yeLeón. Vatsunga kugara ipapo, vakavaka mugore rimwe chete imba yemamongi iyo, yatove muna 913, yaizotsveneswa nabhishopi. Musande Genadius weAstorga.

Nekuvakwa kwayo, ivo vakatora mukana wezvinhu kubva kune yechinyakare Visigothic kuvakwa kwataitaura nezvako. Izvi zvichiri kuoneka pane rimwe remadziro aro, kwaunogona kuona chinyorwa kubva kutemberi yekutanga. Kune chikamu chayo, imba yemamongi yakararama zuva rayo rakanaka muzana ramakore regumi nerimwe, panguva iyo zvimwe zvinhu zvitsva zvekuvaka zvakawedzerwa.

Yatove muXIX, nekutorerwa kukonzerwa ne Mendizabal yechechi chivakwa, San Miguel de la Escalada yakasiiwa. Zvisinei, yakagadziriswa kakawanda uye, kare muna 1886, yakaziviswa National Monument.

Hunhu hweSan Miguel de Escalada

Sezvatakataura, ichi chivakwa chinopindura kune hunhu hweiyo pre-romanesque art. Ndokunge, kune zvakafanana izvo zvavanopa Santa Maria del Naranco o Mutsvene Michael weLillo muOviedo. Zvakare kutaura, inosanganisa Visigoth zvinhu nezvimwe zveMozarabic zvinhu.

Nekudaro, nyanzvi dzazvino vanosarudza kuidaidza kudzoreredza hunyanzvi. Chikonzero, sezvaungave wafungidzira, ndechekuti yakavakwa nevaKristu vaigara munyika dzeCastile dzakasiiwa nevaMuslim kuti vagare zvakare. Asi, sezvo idzi nzvimbo dzemuganhu dzinogara dzichityaira nhare, iyi dhizaina zvakare ine yakasimba mozarabic element, ndiko kuti, zvakaenzana zvakaenzana kumaKristu asi izvo zvakabva kunharaunda yaive naAl-Aldalus.

Kune rimwe divi, sekutaura kwatataura, iyo San Miguel yakaoma yakagashira kuwedzerwa kwakati wandei munguva mushure mekuvakwa kwayo. Pakati peavo vakachengetedzwa, iyo huru romanesque tower kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX iro rinotonga chikamu chekumaodzanyemba kwechakamomarara.

Chechi

Asi, pakati pezvikamu zvekuvaka izvo zvakachengetedzwa nhasi, kereke ndicho chinhu chakakosha kwazvo. Iva basilica chirimwa uye yakakamurwa kuita matatu matatu ayo, zvakare, akapatsanurwa nemaberere etsika mabhiza emabhiza VaMuslim. Saizvozvowo, pakati pematombo uye nemusoro wetembere pane pakatarisana nzvimbo inoshanda se transept uye kuti zvaizoitirwa vafundisi mumhemberero.

Kune chikamu chayo, musoro une maapisi matatu ayo ari madenderedzwa mukati, asi akaenzana emakona kunze. Mukuwedzera, izvi zvakafukidzwa ne maroni vaults zvakafanana neyaunogona kuona mumamoski mazhinji echiArabhu.

Pakati pe transept nemusoro pane iconostasis inoumbwa nembiru muchimiro chemuchinjikwa uyo, mumusangano weSpanish, wakavanza mupirisita kubva kune vakatendeka panguva yekutsaurwa. Iyi yaive tsika yemhemberero yaichengetwa mupeninsular liturgy kusvikira iyo yeRoma yakagamuchirwa muzana ramakore regumi nerimwe. Iyo iconostasis yaive yekuvaka chinhu chakapa iyo yega yega. Kazhinji, yaive chidzitiro chakashongedzwa nemamato echitendero akaiswa pamberi pearitari. Yakatanga kushandiswa mumatemberi eByzantine, kubva kwayakapfuura ichienda kuMadokero.

Kana iri yekunze, iyo tembere inoshaya pevharanda yepamusoro, chimwe chinhu chinozivikanwa muAsturian pre-Romanesque. Mikova yacho ndeyedivi uye muchikamu chekumadokero. Chaizvoizvo, kudivi rekumaodzanyemba kwechechi kune arcaded gallery ine mabhiza emabhiza izvo zvinoshongedza zvese. Ichi chinhu chinovaka, zvimwe gare gare nekuti chakavakwa muzana ramakore regumi, chinowanzo fananidzwa netembere dzeAsturian uye chingazoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu romanesque architecture.

Nezve kuvhenekerwa kwechechi, zvinoteverawo maficha emamwe matemberi evaKristu vekare. Naizvozvo, inowanikwa nemahwindo madiki mune inoyerera madziro eiri huru nave uye apses. Chekupedzisira, denga racho rinotsigirwa muzvikamu zviviri uye rine nzvimbo yakatenuka ine mavha akafara.

Shongwe

Yaive yekupedzisira yekuvaka chinhu kuwedzerwa kune San Miguel de Escalada yakaoma, kutanga kwezana ramakore XNUMX. Ine matete matete uye pakutanga yaive nhurikidzwa nhatu. Iyo yemukati inowanikwa kuburikidza nemusuwo uine semicircular arch iyo inokutora iwe kuenda ku Chapel yeSan Fructuoso, inozivikanwawo sePentheon yeAbbots.

Asi inonyanya kuratidza iyo hwindo repiri rehombodo. Kuvapo kwaro kunoda kuziva nekuti iyo shongwe ndeyeRomanesque. Naizvozvo, idzi mhando dzeuta dzaive dzisisashandiswe. Kana izvi zvikaitwa, kwaive kutevedzera iyo inowanikwa kumadokero kwetembere.

Kushongedza

Chekupedzisira, kushongedzwa kweSan Miguel de Escalada ndiko yakapfuma kwazvo panguva yayo. Inosanganisira misoro, friezes, lattices nemikova. Kana zviri zvinangwa zvavo, miriwo yakawanda. Semuenzaniso, mashanga, mashizha nemichindwe. Asi kune mamwewo maumbirwo ejometri akadai sekuruka kana meshes uye mhuka, senge shiri dzinobaya pazvisote zvemuzambiringa.

Iyo codex yeSan Miguel de Escalada

Kutenderedza gore 922, iyo abbot Victor, yemonastery yeLeonese inotinetsa, akarayira kuti paumbwe kodhekisi yaizoteedzera iyo 'Commentary paBhuku raZvakazarurwa Beatus weLiebana. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive iya inonzi 'Akakomborerwa naSan Miguel de Escalada', yakapihwa kuna master illuminator Magius. Nekudaro, iyi codex, sezviri pachena, haina kugadzirwa mumonasteri yeLeonese, asi iyo yeSan Salvador de Tábara, iri mutaundi reZamora rine zita rimwe chete. Parizvino, iyo 'Beato de San Miguel de Escalada' inochengetwa mu Morgan Raibhurari kubva kuNew York.

Ungasvika sei kuSan Miguel de Escalada

Ichi chivakwa chiri, sezvataitaura, mumusha weLeonese we Vafambi. Nzira chete yekuenda kuchikumbaridzo ndeye munzira. Une mabhazi anobva kuguta guru redunhu, asi haasi akawandisa. Zano redu nderekuti iwe upinde yako mota.

Kuzviita kubva León, unofanirwa kutora iyo N-601 iyo inobatanidza guta neValladolid. Pakukwirira kweVillarente iwe unofanirwa kutora iyo LE-213 izvo zvinokutora kuenda neweGradefes. Asi, usati wasvika kuguta guru redunhu, unofanira kutora kutsauka kuruboshwe kuzivisa monastery.

Mukupedzisa, Mutsvene Michael wekukwira Icho chimwe chezvivakwa zvikuru pre-Romanesque mune ese Castile. Yakabatana nevake venguva yaAsturian, runako rwake harungakusiye usina hanya. Enda kumberi uishanyire.