shongwe dzakareba kupfuura dzose munyika

ari shongwe dzakareba kupfuura dzose munyika Zvivakwa zvemazuva ano. Zvisinei, munhu akatsvaka zvakakwirira kubva pamazuva ekare. Muenzaniso wakanaka weizvi ndiko kuvakwa kweiyo Mapiramidhi eEjipitori, iyo yakanga iri chinhu chiri pedyo zvikuru nezvivako zvirefu zvanhasi kwemazana emakore.

Zvakare muMiddle Ages, kunyanya kubva pakuonekwa kwechimiro cheGothic, zvivakwa zvehurefu hwakakura zvakavakwa. Somuenzaniso, the kereke ye santa maria, muLincoln (England), iyo yakasvika anenge zana nemakumi matanhatu emamita. Nechekare muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, kufambira mberi kwezvivakwa kwakabvumira Eiffel Shongwe yakasvika 300 metres altitude. Uye zvakadini ne1931, apo maAmerica akavaka, muna XNUMX, iyo Empire State Building, iyo inosvika 381. Mukuwedzera, izvi zvakaratidza kutanga kwezvivako zvakakura, izvo zvisiri chimwe chinhu kunze kweshongwe dzakareba kupfuura dzose dziripo iye zvino. Ngatikuratidzei.

1.- Burj Khalifa

yakagadzirwa nemugadziri Adrian smith pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, chivakwa ichi ndicho chakareba kwazvo pasi rose, pamwe chete nacho 828 mamita. Inowanikwa muguta re Dubai, guta guru rezita remaArab emirate. Kuvakwa kwayo kwakatanga muna 2004 uye yakavhurwa makore matanhatu gare gare. Kana iri bhajeti rayo, yaive 4000 mamirioni emadhora, kunyangwe iwe uchashamisika kuziva kuti pakupedzisira yakadhura zviuru makumi maviri.

Pane kudaro, nehurefu hwayo, haungashamisi kuziva kuti inosanganisira maelevator anokurumidza kupfuura mamwe pasi rose. Isu hatisi kuzopinda mune yayo tekinoroji yakatarwa, izvo zviri kutobhowa. Asi isu tichakuudza kuti Burj Khalifa ine hotera, akati wandei ega ega, mahofisi, maresitorendi uye kunyange maviri maonero. Kureba kwavo, kunonzi The New Deck, iri pauriri hwe 148. Uye tinofanirawo kutaura kuti kushanda kwechivako ichi kwakaoma zvikuru zvokuti, pauriri hwemakumi matatu oga oga, chine chirimwa chinogadzirwa nemichina kuti chigadziriswe.

2.- Skytree, shongwe yakareba kupfuura dzose munyika yekukurukurirana

Muchiitiko ichi, hatisi kutaura nezve chivakwa, asi nezve nhare yekufonera iri mukati Tokyo. Chokwadi, iredhiyo antenna hombe, asi zvakare ine resitorendi uye maonero. Chero zvazvingava, nemamita ayo 634, ndicho chivakwa chechipiri chakareba pasi rose uye chekutanga cherudzi rwacho.

Yakatanga kuvakwa muna 2007 uye yakavhurwa makore mashanu gare gare. Sekuda kuziva, isu tichakuudza kuti iyo anti-seismic system yakavakirwa pane iyo yechinyakare Japanese pagodas. Sezvizvi, ine mbiru yepakati iyo chikamu chezasi chisina kugadzika. Nenzira iyi, inofamba sependulum uye inodzora kuzunguzika kunoitwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika.

Zvakare sechokwadi chinoda kuziva, tichataura kuti, mukuvakwa kwayo, vashandi vanopfuura zviuru mazana mashanu vakashanda uye kuti pazuva rekuvhurwa kwayo yakashanyirwa nevanopfuura mazana maviri ezviuru. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana iwe uchienda kuTokyo, iva nechokwadi chekuchengeta ziso kwaari usiku, rini mwenje ane mavara akasiyana uye anoyevedza.

3.- Shanghai Central Tower

Guta guru reChinese reShanghai rinozvirumbidza nedzimwe shongwe dzakareba kwazvo pasi rose. Kunyanya, mazhinji acho akaiswa munharaunda yezvemari ye pu-dong. Ndiyo nyaya ye Shanghai World Financial Center, imba ine skyscraper yakareba mamita 492 uye 101 pasi. Zvakare kubva ku Jim Mao tower, ine 420 metres uye 88 pasi, uye ye oriental pearl tower, antenna yenharembozha ye468.

Asi ndiyo itsva Central tower inotora keke. Yakagara panzvimbo inosvika 420 square metres, yakakwira 000 metres uye ine huwandu hwe632 pasi. Zvakare, kana ukashanyira guta racho, rinobata pfungwa dzako nekuti rakafanana nehofori yakamonerwa bepa. Yakadhura mabhiriyoni 121 emadhora uye yakatanga kuvakwa muna 2400 kuti ipedze makore manomwe gare gare.

Girazi rayo façade inomira kunze, iyo inoderedza mitoro yemhepo. Nemhaka yake, zvinhu zvishomanene zvaidiwa kuivaka. Uyezve, yake spiral shape Inobvumira mvura inonaya kuti iunganidzwe iyo, gare gare uye pamwe chete nemhepo turbines, inoshandiswa pakupisa uye kugadzirisa mhepo chivakwa.

4.- Abraj al-Bait shongwe

Tinofanira kutaura newe pamusoro pechina Dubai Pentominium, asi richiri kuvakwa. Naizvozvo, isu tichaisa munzvimbo iyi shongwe dzeAbraj al-Bait, dzinoita, maererano nehukuru, chivakwa. chikuru pasi rose. Inovhara nzvimbo ye1 square metres uye inoumbwa nezvivakwa zvakati wandei.

Shongwe yayo yakareba kupfuura dzose inosvika 601 mamita, ine 120 floors, uye iri mukati Mecca. Kutaura zvazviri, ndicho chivako chakareba kwazvo Arabia saudí. Kunyanya, iri mhiri kwemugwagwa kubva ku musikiti mukuru. Nechikonzero ichi, ine dzimba dzekunamatira dzinokwana vanhu zviuru zvina uye hotera ine nyeredzi shanu kuti itore mapilgrim. Iyo ine zvakare nzvimbo yekutenga iyo inogara zvishanu pasi.

Pane iyo facade, inokwevera pfungwa dzako wachi huru yemamita makumi mana nematatu inogara zviso zvina zveshongwe. Uye iwe zvakare uchashamiswa netsono hombe iyo inoshongedza korona yekuvaka uye inoyera 43 metres. Pasi payo, pane kunyange nzvimbo yesainzi inoshandiswa kuona Mwedzi.

5.- Canton Television Tower

Tinodzokera ku China kuti ndikuudze nezve chimwe chivakwa ichi chezvekufambiswa kwemashoko icho, nekukwirira kwayo kwemamita 600, chiri pakati peshongwe dzakareba kwazvo pasi rose. Yakagadzirirwa Mitambo yeAsia 2010. Yakagadzirwa nemaDutch barbara kuit y Mark Hemel, uyo akagadzira chivakwa cheavant-garde chakafuridzirwa nemabasa einjiniya weRussia Vladimir Shukhov.

Nokudaro, rinopa a hyperboloid chimiro yakagadzirwa nema ellipses maviri pakureba kwakasiyana. Asi chinonyanya kushamisa pamusoro peshongwe iyi ndiyo inonzi famba mudenga, staircase yekunze inosvika kumusoro. Iyo ine zvakare magadheni ekunze uye, mukuwedzera kune zvivakwa zveterevhizheni, macafe, maresitorendi uye kunyange mana-dimensional cinema.

6.- Ping An Finance Center

Tiri kuenderera mberi neChina tichitaura nemi nezve chivakwa ichi chiri muguta re Shenzhen, vedunhu rimwe chete re Cantón. Iyo ine urefu hwe599 metres yakapararira pamusoro pe115 pasi.

Yakagadzirwa neAmerican architecture studio Kon Pedersen Fox uye ichapedzwa neimwe skyscraper yakareba mamita 293 uye 51 pasi. Yakavakwa sedzimbahwe rekambani ine inishuwarenzi ine simba Ping An Inishuwarenzi uye ine imwe yenzvimbo dzakakwirira dzekutarisa munyika, sezvo iri pa592 metres.

7.- Lotte World Tower

Mukati meAsia fever yezvivakwa zvakakura, isu tasvika South Korea kuti ndikuudze nezve ichi chivako chakareba mamita 555, chine nhurikidzwa zana nemakumi maviri nenhatu chiriwo pakati peshongwe dzakareba zvikurusa munyika. Inowanikwa mukati Seoul, ndicho chepamusoro-soro munyika yaro uye zvakare chine chirimwa chekucherechedza chinodarika mazana mashanu emamita ehurefu. Fungidzira maonero.

Kuvakwa kwayo kwakatanga muna 2010 uye kwakapedzwa makore manomwe gare gare. Kunze, rakaumbwa se slender koni ine mativi econvex achigadzira mukono wakatsetseka. Iyo facade igirazi rakachenuruka rinotevedzera Korea ceramics uye inoratidzira esimbi filigree zvinhu. Mukati mune zvitoro, mahofisi, dzimba uye hotera yepamusoro. Nekudaro, kana ukaishanyira, unozokwanisa kuwana dhizaini yekutarisa, nekuti ndeyekushandiswa neveruzhinji.

8.- National Tower yeCanada, shongwe refu kwazvo pasi rose kuMadokero

Kwave kuri madikanwa kusvika panzvimbo yechisere kuwana shongwe refu zvikurusa munyika muMadokero. Zviri pamusoro peiyi communications tower iri muguta re Toronto. Kusvika pakuvhurwa kweTokyo Sky Yemahara ndiyo yaive yepamusoro-soro pasi rose yerudzi rwayo uye, kunyangwe nanhasi, inoramba iri yepamusoro-soro muAmerica.

Kureba kwake 553 mamita yakakwirira uye zvakare ine nzvimbo yekutarisa pa447 metres. Iyo chokwadi chekuti yakaverengerwa pakati pe Zvinomwe Zvinoshamisa zveNhasi Nyika neAmerican Society of Civil Engineers. Kuvakwa kwayo kwakatanga muna 1973 uye kwakangopfuura makore maviri chete kusvikira yapedzwa. Ichokwadi kuti vaishanda maawa 24 pazuva, mazuva 365 pagore.

Zvaiita mari inosvika mazana matatu emamiriyoni emadhora panguva iyoyo. Asi yaimiririra mabhenefiti akawanda ezvekufambiswa kwemashoko zvekuti makore gumi nemashanu chete gare gare yakabhadharwa. Muchokwadi, nhasi ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo huru dzekushanya muToronto uye inoshanyirwa nevanhu vangangoita mamirioni maviri pagore.

Kana ukadaro, unozofadzwa nenzvimbo yekutarisa yegirazi-pasi iri 342 metres pamusoro pevhu. Iwe unogona kuramba uchienda kumusoro, sezvo iine staircase yekunze inokwira kusvika 447. Asi izvi zvinoshandiswa munjodzi. Inongovhura kune veruzhinji kaviri pagore kune zviitiko zverudo.

Kune rimwe divi, pamusoro pekuita kwayo kwekutaurirana, ine akati wandei maresitorendi uye yekudyira. Pakati pekutanga, iyo inomira pa351 metres inomira pachena nekuti yakabatidzwa chikuva chinotenderera madhigirii mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu. Maonero acho anoshamisa zvekuti, pamazuva akajeka, unogona kutoona guta re Rochester, mudunhu reNew York.

Mukupedzisa, takuratidzai masere shongwe dzakareba kupfuura dzose munyika. Asi hatingarambi kutaura zvinotevera. ndizvo zvitsva One World Trade Center yeNew York pachayo, nemamita ayo akareba 541; the Ostankino Tower de Moscow, iyo ndiyo yepamusoro-soro muEurope pamamita 540, uye CTF Finance Center, zvakare muCanton, inoyera mazana mashanu nemakumi matatu.