Teotihuacan (Mexico): nhaka hurusa ye pre-Columbian America

Mexico ine nhoroondo yakapfuma uye yemireniyamu ine imwe yevanonyanya kutsigira madzinza guta dzvene reTeotihuacan. Inowanikwa mumupata wakakura padyo neMexico City, nzvimbo yeTeotihuacan yaive yenyaya dzekare dzeNahuatl nzvimbo pakaumbwa zuva nemwedzi. Iri guta revamwari, sekuratidzwa kwazita raro, rakatanga kuvakwa makore mazana mashanu nguva yedu isati yasvika, uye richakamira sechiratidzo chakakura chevanhu veMexico nezvenhoroondo yavo ine mbiri, uye inzvimbo inokosheswa yevanhu.

Nzvimbo ye Teotihuacan iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwemupata weMexico, ingori makiromita makumi mashanu nemashanu kubva pakati peMexico City, izvo zvinoita kuti ive inofanirwa kana uchishanyira guta guru reMexico. Pakusvika kwechirimo equinox, mapoka mazhinji esoteric anouya panzvimbo ino kuzowedzerazve simba, sezvo paine chitendero chakakurumbira chekuti mapiramidhi magetsi emagetsi.

Maumbirwo eTeotihuacan

Kana paine chimwe chinhu chinokwezva kutarisisa kwakawanda kana uchinge wasvika muguta rino rinoyera, ndiko kuronga kukuru kunogona kuonekwa mumigwagwa yayo, yakafanana neano ronga madhorobha. Nzira mbiri hombe dzinosangana uye ndiyo yakakosha axis kubva kuguta, mumwe wavo akakosha, anonzi Calzada de los Muertos. Aya ndiwo aive mareferenzi ekuenda kune mamwe ese emigwagwa nemumigwagwa, uye kwaive nezvivakwa zvikuru zvetsika nehutongi.

A bit of history

Iri iguta rine kubwinya kwaro kwakaitika pamusoro pe Makore XNUMX neXNUMX shure kwaKristu. Munharaunda ino yeMesoamerica, zviwanikwa zvemupata mukuru zvakashandiswa, nokudaro zvichigadzira budiriro huru yakasvika zviuru zana zvevagari mune angangoita makiromita makumi maviri nerimwe. Ndicho chikonzero nei iri imwe yedzinza rakakurumbira rinozivikanwa kubva pre-Columbian America, uye hombe hombe izere nezvisaririra kupfuura Chichen Itzá.

Kuderera kwaro kwakauya muzana ramakore rechinomwe mushure maKristu nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika, kupandukira kwemukati uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze iyo yakapedza hupfumi, sezvakaitika nezvose zvakakura zvebudiriro munhoroondo yese. Izvi zvakapa kumeso kuMesoamerican Epiclassic nguva. Kunyangwe paine ruzivo rwushoma nezve kuti guta rakaumbwa sei uye nei rakaramba, chokwadi ndechekuti iro nderimwe remaguta akachengetedzwa padanho rino.

Teotihacan nhasi

Teotihuacan inzvimbo yekuchera matongo yeMexico inogamuchira huwandu hukuru hwevashanyi vanobva kumatunhu ese epasi, kupfuura nzvimbo dzakakosha pre-Columbian dzakadai seChichén Itzá (Yucatán) neMonte Albán (Oaxaca). Iyo yakaoma yakavhurika kune veruzhinji inovhara nzvimbo ye2.5 square km uye inowirirana neCentral Area yeMonument inowanikwa munzvimbo yakachengetedzwa Guta rePre-Hispanic reTeotihuacan rakaziviswa Tsika nhaka yeHumanity neUNESCO muna 1987, nekuda kwehupfumi hwetsika nemagadzirirwo ayo akakurisa.

Inobatsira ruzivo nezve Teotihuacan

Nzira yakapusa yekuona iyo Teotihuacan tata kutora imwe yemigwagwa mikuru yakatosimbiswa, nekuti inotibvumidza kuti tione chakanyanya kukosha. Nzvimbo yekuchera matongo yakavhurwa kubva Muvhuro kusvika Svondo, kubva 8.00:5.00 am kusvika XNUMX:XNUMX pm. Kana tisingade kuomesa hupenyu hwedu, tinogona kutora rimwe remabhazi anoita nzira yakananga kuTeotihuacan kubva kuCentral Bus Terminal yekuchamhembe kuMexico City, zvinotora maminetsi makumi mana nemashanu.

Pamusuwo wepaki iwe unogona tenga matikiti kuti uone yakaoma. Iri tikiti rinotipa mukana wekuwana nzvimbo dzakadai seSite Museum, nzvimbo yekuchera matongo nePiramidhi reMwedzi nePiramidhi reZuva, Tetitla kana iyo Quetzalpapálotl Tembere. Munzvimbo iyi mune zvakare vatengesi vazhinji vemumigwagwa vane zviyeuchidzo uye shopu yekuyeuchidza. Uye zvakare, kune maresitorendi nemaresitorendi, saka hatisi kuzoshaya nzvimbo dzekumira.

Chii chekuona muTeotihuacan

Kana paine chimwe chinhu chatinofanira kuita kana tangoenda kuguta rino, ndiko kufamba nemunharaunda yeCalzada de los Muertos, tichiyemura zvivakwa uye zvisaririra zvekuchera matongo, kusvika tasvika Piramidhi reZuva, akakwirira kupfuura ese, aine 63,5 metres kumusoro. Inofungidzirwa kuti panogona kuve netemberi panoperera chivakwa, ichiita kuti iwedzere kunyange kupfuura zvazviri nhasi. Kupfuura zvese, iwe unogona kukwira iyo, asi iwe unofanirwa kukwira isingasviki matanho makumi matatu nematanhatu, rimwe kwezuva rega rega regore. Maonero ezvese zvakaoma kubva piramidhi hombe inoshamisa, uye mapikicha aunogona kutorawo. Muna 365 bako rakaburitswa pasi pe piramidhi, saka zvinofungidzirwa kuti nzvimbo ino yainge yatove nekukosha pamweya isati yatora kuvaka kukuru uku.

Iyo Pyramid yeMwedzi ndiyo imwe piramidhi huru inochengetedzwa. Icho chiri kuchamhembe kwakanyanya, kumagumo eCalzada de los Muertos uye iri makumi mana emamita kukwirira. Sezvo tiri mairi tichazotora mukana wekuona Imba yeQuetzalpapálotl, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, kunofungidzirwa kuti ndiko kwaigara mupristi anokosha. Mariri tinogona kunakidzwa nembiru dzinoyevedza dzepatio pamwe chete nemidhuri yakanaka yakachengetedzwa pamadziro. Uye hatifanirwe kukanganwa kushanya kune ino miziyamu, uko kwatinoona zvinowanda zveupenyu hwezuva nezuva muTeotihacan, zvidhori zvidiki nezvinhu.

ari murals yakawanikwa muzvivakwa yeTeotihuacan vanokodzera kutaurwa kwakakosha, uye ndezvekuti ivo vakadzidza zvakanyanya maererano nemaitiro avo. Ivo vakasarudzika, uye ichave kuwanikwa kwevateveri vehunyanzvi nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwazvo, kuratidza iwo akajeka mavara. Ruvara runonyanya kushandiswa rwaive rutsvuku, uye rwakagadzirwa nezvicherwa zvakagayiwa kuti zviwane pigments. Kune dzimwe dzakawanda umo shiri, katsi kana zvirimwa zvinomiririrwa pamadziro akakwenenzverwa, senge muPatio de los Jaguares kana muPalacio de los Caracoles.