Iyo Warsaw Ghetto

Guta guru rePoland, Warsaw, nhasi rave guta rine hupenyu hwevagari vanosvika mamirioni maviri uko vechinyakare nevechizvino-zvino vanoongwa mukona dzese dzeguta. Nzvimbo inoshamisa yakaparadzwa zvachose munguva yeHondo Yenyika II asi yakakwanisa kusimuka kubva mumadota ayo. Nzvimbo yakanyanya kurangwa panguva iyoyo yaive Warsaw Ghetto, pekugara kukuru kwazvo kwechiJuda pasi rose kwavakamanikidzwa kumanikidzwa pakati paGumiguru naNovember 1940 nemaNazi.

Kutanga kweWarsaw Ghetto

Muna 1939 pakauya kurwisa kwePoland, hurumende inotungamirwa naHans Frank yakafunga kupatsanura nharaunda yechiJuda yaigara muWarsaw kubva kune vamwe vanhu vePoland. Chinangwa chaive chekuunza iwo mamwe ma anti-maSemite matanho akange aripo kare kuGerman munyika, chimwe chinhu icho meya mutsva Ludwig Fischer aizo chengeta gare gare.

Neiyi nzira, dzinoda kusvika 90.000 mhuri dzePoland dzakamanikidzwa kuendeswa kune yaimbova ghetto yechiJuda kubva kuMiddle Ages apo Poland yaingove duchy. Kunyangwe kusiya kwavo dzimba kwaive kushungurudzika chaiko ivo vaive nerusununguko rwekutenderera guta rese asi MunaNovember 1940, mauto eSS asingatarisiri akavhara ghetto yeWarsaw ndokutanga kumisa madziro 4 metres pakureba uye 18 mita kureba yakasarudzika ma300.000 maJuda aigona kukwira kusvika mazana mashanu ezviuru pakati pehondo.

Hurumende yeWarsaw ghetto yakawira kune inonzi Warsaw Jewish Council inotungamirwa naAdam Czerniaków, iyo yaibata nezvese zvemukati manejimendi yeghetto nekutaurirana nemaGerman nemaPoland kunze kwenyika. Iri manejimendi raive rakaumbwa nevakuru vema bourgeoisie echiJuda nepo vamwe vagari vaigara muhurombo. Muchokwadi, kudzora iyo yekupedzisira, mapurisa echiJuda akaumbwa avo vakapfeka yunifomu vakuru vane zvombo zvechiJudha uye vakapakata zvihwitsi vakatanga hurumende ine hutsinye kune vamwe vavo.

Hupenyu mughetto

Hupenyu muWarsaw Ghetto hwakanga husiri nyore nekuti hapana aigona kusiya kunze kweavo vaimanikidzwa vashandi vehurumende uye vaigara vari pasi pevaperekedzi veSS kana maPolesi eBlue Police.

Mukutanga kwa1941, iyo Warsaw Ghetto yaive pamucheto penzara nekuda kwekutorerwa nekutorerwa neSS. Mamiriro acho anogona kurerutswa nekuda kwehungwaru kugadziriswa kwezvakapihwa. Zvisinei, muzhizha regore rimwe chetero, Germany yakapinda muSoviet Union uye iyo Warsaw Ghetto yakawedzera mamiriro ayo sezvo panguva ino zviwanikwa zvese zvakapihwa mushandirapamwe wemauto kuRussia. Nekuda kwekushomeka uku uye nekupararira kwechirwere chetyphus, zviuru zvevanhu zvakafa nenzara mazuva ese.

Holocaust inotanga

Kana mamiriro ezvinhu akange ave kutodemba muWarsaw Ghetto, yakaramba ichiwedzera kana Final Solution muEurope yakatanga muna Chikunguru 1942. Kanzuru yechiJuda yakaudzwa kuti Warsaw Ghetto yaizodzingwa kuti itamise huwandu hwevanhu kuEastern Europe. Avo vakaramba vakaramba vakarohwa uye vakasungwa uye pakupedzisira vakaiswa muchitima nemotokari dzemombe ndokuendeswa kunzvimbo yekufa yeTreblinka uko kwavakaurayiwa mumakamuri egasi.

Pakati pehafu yekutanga ya1942, huwandu hwevanhu veWarsaw Ghetto hwakadzikiswa zvakanyanya nekuti zvitima zvaienda zuva rega rega kumisasa yerufu. Ukuru hweHolocaust hwaive hwakanyanya zvekuti zvaive zvisingaite kuti uhuhwande kubva kuvagari veWarsaw Ghetto muna 1943, saka vanhu vazhinji vakasarudza kufa vachirwa pane kuurayiwa zvakaipisisa. Aya ndiwo mabudiro akaitwa Komiti Yekubatanidza yechiJuda, iyo yaiita zviito zvekumirisana nevaNazi sevaya vanonzi Warsaw Ghetto Kumukira avo kurwa kwavo kwakatora mwedzi wese muna 1943. Kupandukira uku kwakasiya chikamu chemaJuda makumi manomwe vakafa, pakati peavo vakafa. muhondo nevasungwa, vamwe vacho vaizopfurwa nekukasira uye vamwe vese vakadzoserwa kunosiirwa gasi kukamba yekufa yeTreblinka.

Nekukundwa kweWarsaw Ghetto Mhirizhonga, nharaunda yacho yakanga isina vanhu zvachose nezvivakwa zvese zvashanduka kuita marara. Soviet Union yakakunda Warsaw mukutanga kwa1945.

Iyo Warsaw Ghetto nhasi

Nhoroondo yevaWarsaw maPoland maJuda inoonekwa nhasi pamakona ese eguta, senge Nozyk Sinagogi. Pedyo netemberi iyi, pakati peMarszalkowska Street uye Grzybowski Square Izvo zvivakwa zvakaputswa hafu nhamba 7, 9, 12 uye 14 zviripo, izvo zvichine zvakapwanya mahwindo nemabhalconi akapwanyika, achiyeuchidza nezvekuparadzwa ikoko.

Kune mugwagwa wakapona pakuparadzwa uye kuti kunyangwe nechisimba cheRussia neGerman chakachengeta zita rayo: Prozna Street. Pano pane zvivakwa panogona kukwirwa ne shrapnel. Tichisiya muProzna uyu mugwagwa tinonanga kuMuseum yeMhoroondo yevaPolish maJuda, mumoyo weyaimbove iyo Warsaw Ghetto.

Iyo miziyamu inozivikanwa nekuve yazvino uye inofambidzana uye nekutsanangura zvakadzama nhoroondo yenharaunda yechiPoland yechiJuda muchiratidziro chinoteedzera makore chiuru enhoroondo emaJuda munyika ino. Kwayakabva, tsika nemagariro, zvikonzero nei Poland yakagamuchira maJuda nenzira yakasarudzika uye nemanzwiro ekurwisa maSemite akavandudzwa akabuda muma40s ezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri kusvika zvazotungamira kuHolocaust

Pamberi peyemu Museum pane dombo rinobhadhara mutero kumaJuda akatungamira kumukira muWarsaw Ghetto muna 1943. Kune rimwe divi maJuda anoonekwa mumutsara uye musoro pasi, kune rimwe chiitiko chinoratidzwa kwavanotarisa kumberi uye nemweya wekurwa.