Ukucinga ngeRoma ukucinga ngemvelaphi yempucuko yaseNtshona, iinduli zayo ezisixhenxe, uyilo lwayo olubabazekayo, elinika ubungqina kwimbali yalo enkulu eyinkunzi yenye yezona zikumkani zinkulu zakudala. Ewe kunjalo, kukuziva intliziyo yobuKristu ibetha ukusuka eVatican Square.
Ngenxa yembali yayo ende, eRoma kuninzi onokukufumanisa. Ii-anecdotes ezinomdla, ezinye zazo ezisanyamezelayo. Injalo imeko yamangcwaba aseRoma, iigalari ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezazisetyenziswa ngamaKristu njengamangcwaba kangangamakhulu eminyaka. Kwixesha elidlulileyo bekukho amangcwaba angaphaya kwama-60 kodwa mahlanu kuphela awo eze kuthi ekwimeko entle yokubatyelela.
Kwiposi elandelayo, siza kuya emangcwabeni eSan Calixto ukwazi imvelaphi yayo, isiphelo sayo, iimpawu zayo kunye nokunye okuninzi. Sukuphoswa yiyo!
Imvelaphi yamangcwaba
Ngexesha le-XNUMX leminyaka, amaRoma aseRoma ayengenawo amangcwaba abo, ke babhenela kumangcwaba aqhelekileyo awayesetyenziswa ngabahedeni ukungcwaba abafileyo babo. Ngesi sizathu, uSanta Peter kunye noPaul Paul emva kokubulawa kwabo bangcwatywa kwi-necropolis yeVictoria Hill kunye neVia Ostiense, ngokwahlukeneyo.
Sele kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yesibini, emva kokufumana imvume, amaKristu aqala ukungcwaba abafileyo bawo phantsi komhlaba kwaye ke amangcwaba aqala ukubakho. Uninzi lwazo lwembiwa lwaza lwandiswa lwajikeleza amangcwaba eentsapho ezinabanini bazo abasandula ukuba ngamaKristu abangazigcinelanga kuphela abo babathandayo kodwa babavulela abanye.
Umthetho waseRoma welo xesha wawungamvumeli umfi ukuba angcwatyelwe ngaphakathi kwesixeko, ke aba bantu kwakufuneka bafumane amangcwaba aseRoma ngaphandle kodonga lwawo. Ngokukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezizimeleyo kwaye zifihlwe phantsi komhlaba ukuze bakwazi ukwenza amasiko omngcwabo wamaKristu ngaphandle kokuziva ukhathazwa.
Umfanekiso | Ezona ndawo zifanelekileyo zabakhenkethi
Ngomthetho waseMilan, owapapashwa ngabalawuli uConstantine noLicinius ngonyaka wama-313, amaKristu ayeka ukutshutshiswa kodwa amangcwaba aqhubeka esebenza njengamangcwaba de kwaqala inkulungwane yesi-XNUMX. Kwimeko yamangcwaba amangcwaba eSan Callisto, Icawa yathatha ukumiswa nokulawulwa kwayo.
Kwiinkulungwane kamva, ngexesha lokuhlasela kwabahedeni e-Italiya (Goths kunye neLongobards), amangcwaba aseRoma aqhubeka ephangwa kwaye iiPapa ezilandelelanayo zanyanzeliswa ukuba zidlulisele izinto ezingcwatywayo kwiicawa zedolophu ngezizathu zokhuseleko ukuya embindini wenkulungwane. Inkulungwane ye-XNUMX kunye nokuqala kwe-XNUMXth AD Ngale ndlela, amangcwaba angcwatyelweyo kwaye ahlala elityelwe ixesha elide.
Kwinkulungwane ye-1822, uJuan Bautista de Rossi (1894-XNUMX), ethathwa njengoyise wezinto zakudala zamaKristu, wahlola amangcwaba ingakumbi lawo aseSan Calixto ukuze afunde ngemvelaphi kunye nokuhanjiswa kwale mingcwabo yamandulo. Emva kwexesha, malunga ne-1930, i-Holy See yanikezela ngononophelo kumangcwaba e-Saint Callisto kwiBandla lase Salesian lika-Don Bosco njengomnini wale mangcwaba.
Umfanekiso | Civitatis
Amangcwaba e-Saint Callisto
Amangcwaba e-Saint Callisto (nge-Appia Antica, 126) abakho malunga nenkulungwane yesibini. kwaye ziyinxalenye yesakhiwo esihlala indawo yeehektare ezili-15, kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo efikelela kubunzulu obungaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-20.
Amangcwaba aseSan Calixto yayiyindawo yokungcwaba oopopu abali-16 kunye neninzi lamaKristu afela ukholo kwinethiwekhi yeegalari ezingaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-20 ubude.
Bafumana igama labo kumdikoni uSan Calixto, otyunjwe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesithathu nguPopu Ceferino njengomphathi wamangcwaba.. Ngale ndlela, amangcwaba aseSan Callisto aba ngamangcwaba asemthethweni ecawa yaseRoma.
Ahlala evulekile ukususela ngoLwesine ukuya ngoLwesibini ukusukela ngo-9: 00 kusasa ukuya kutsho ngo-12: 00 emva kwemini nango-14: 00 ukuya ku-17: 00 emva kwemini.
Umfanekiso | INtombikazi kaMariya
Amanye amangcwaba abalulekileyo
Ngaphambili bekukho amangcwaba angaphaya kwama-60 kodwa mahlanu kuphela avulekileyo ukuba angatyelelwa namhlanje. Eyona ibalulekileyo neyaziwayo (iSan Calixto, iSan Sebastián kunye neDomitila) ikumgama omfutshane ukusuka kwenye iVia Appia kwaye ihanjiswa kakuhle ziibhasi kwimigca 118 kunye 218.
- I-Catacomb yaseSan Sebastián (nge-Appia Antica, 136): iikhilomitha ezili-12 ubude, igama layo lijoni elafela ukholo lokuguqula ubuKristu, iSan Sebastián. Kunye namangcwaba e-San Callisto, zezona zibalaseleyo anokubonwa. Vula ngoMvulo ukuya ngoMgqibelo ukususela ngo-9: 00 ekuseni ukuya ku-12: 00 emva kwemini, ngo-14 ukuya ku-00 ntambama
- Amangcwaba angcwatyelwe eDomitila (Via delle Sette Chiese, 280): La mangcwaba angaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezili-15 ubude afunyanwa ngo-1593 kwaye abizwa ngegama lomzukulwana kaVespasian. Vula ukususela ngoLwesithathu ukuya ngoMvulo: ukusuka ngo-9: 00 ukuya ku-12: 00 emva kwemini nange-14: 00 ukuya ku-17: 00 ntambama
- Amangcwaba e-Priscila (Via Salaria, 430): Aqukethe iifresco ezibaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yobugcisa, ezinje ngemifanekiso yokuqala yeNtombikazi enguMariya. Banokutyelelwa ukususela ngoLwesibini ukuya ngeCawa ukususela ngo-9: 00 kusasa ukuya ku-12: 00 emva kwemini nange-14: 00 emva kwemini ukuya ku-17: 00 emva kwemini.
- Amangcwaba angamangcwaba aseSanta Inés (Via Nomentana, 349): Igama labo balibiza ngokuba nguSanta Inés, owabulawa ngenxa yokholo lwakhe lobuKrestu nowangcwatyelwa kula mangcwaba angomnye athi kamva athatha igama lakhe. Banokutyelelwa ukususela ngo-9: 00 kusasa ukuya kutsho ngo-12: 00 emva kwemini nangowesi-16: 00 emva kwemini ukuya ku-18: 00 emva kwemini. Zivaliwe ngentsasa yangeCawa nangeenjikalanga zangoMvulo.
Iimpawu kwi mangcwaba
AmaKristu okuqala ayehlala kwindawo enabantu abakhohlakeleyo. Kuba babengenakho ukuvuma ukholo lwabo elubala, amaKristu atyhila iisimboli kwiindonga zamangcwaba kwaye azikrola kumatye amangcwaba awayevale amangcwaba. Iimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu nguMalusi Olungileyo, i-monogram kaKristu, umfazi othandazayo kunye nentlanzi.
Yintoni ongayibona kumangcwaba angcwaba eRoma?
Ukutyelela amangcwaba aseRoma kuyakusivumela ukuba sazi ukuba yayinjani imeko yokungcwatywa kwamaKristu ngexesha apho ukholo lwabo lwalutshutshiswa. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuhamba kwiipaseji kwaye ujonge izidumbu zomngcwabo ezenziwa kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ezidlulileyo.
Ixabiso lamatikiti aya emangcwabeni
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