I-Basilica yaseAtocha kunye nePantheon yamadoda aqaqambileyo aseMadrid

Kufuphi nePlaza de Carlos V eMadrid, eyaziwa njengeAtocha, yiBasilica yeLady lethu laseAtocha. Imbali yayo inemvelaphi yokuzinikela kumfanekiso omncinci weNtombikazi eziswe eAntiyokwe ngokwentsomi. Ecaleni kwayo yiPantheon of Illustrious Men apho abezopolitiko kunye nobuntu benkulungwane ye-XNUMX bangcwatywa khona. 

Ezi zindawo ezimbini ezinomdla kakhulu ukutyelela kwikomkhulu laseSpain, kodwa ziyaqatshelwa ngabakhenkethi abaninzi abatyelele iMadrid. Yiyo loo nto namhlanje sithatha ukhenketho ngembali ye-basilica kunye ne-pantheon, izikhumbuzo ezibini ezinxibelelene kakhulu ne-elites zelizwe. Ngaba ungahamba nathi?

I-Basilica yoMama wethu waseAtocha

Malunga nenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kwakhiwa i-hermitage yakudala, eya kuthi ngokuhamba kwexesha iye yonakala de icawa enkulu kunye neDominican convent zenziwa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Umququzeleli wayo yayinguFray Juan Hurtado de Mendoza, owayezityand 'igila kuMlawuli uCarlos V. Ukusukela ngoko, usapho lwasebukhosini lwaseSpain laziva luthambekele kwiNtombi Enyulu yaseAtocha, lade laba lilitye lokuphumelela iimfazwe kuFelipe II. Wayesoloko esiza kuye ukuze afumane uncedo oluvela kuThixo kwaye ambulele ngezinto zakhe ezintle.

UFelipe IV wambhengeza ngo-1643 njengomkhuseli wobukumkani nobukhosi baseSpain. Ke, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, uKumkanikazi u-Regent María Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena waqala isithethe sokubonisa iinkosana ezintsha ezazalelwe yiNtombikazi yaseAtocha.

Emva kokuphangwa kwemikhosi yamaNapoleon ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX i-complex yabuyiselwa kwaye emva kokuthinjwa umzi woonongendi waseDominican waguqulwa waba yindawo yabakhubazekileyo. Ngenxa yesimo esonakeleyo esifikelele kuso malunga ne-1890, ukumkanikazi u-Regent María Cristina wagunyazisa iprojekthi ye-Basilica entsha ye-Virgin yase-Atocha kwindlela yamaRoma esempuma kwaye kwakhiwa i-Pantheon of Illustrious Men.

Imfazwe yamakhaya yayiza kwenza isifotho ecaweni njengoko yayitshisiwe, ilahlekelwe yiyo yonke imisebenzi yobugcisa ngaphandle komfanekiso weNtombi Enyulu yaseAtocha eyayifihliwe ngaphambili kwikhaya labucala. Kwakungayi kuba yiminyaka elishumi kamva xa umsebenzi wokubuyisela waqala, usebenzisa inxenye yeendonga zangaphambili kodwa ukuphelisa nayiphi na into yokuhlobisa yaseByzantine.

Malunga ne-60s yekhulu lama-XNUMX, isikolo seVirgen de Atocha sakhiwa songamela inqaba yokuma simahla kunye neendawo zokudlala.

I-Basilica yeNtombikazi yeAtocha ibekwe eAvenida Ciudad de Barcelona nº 1 eMadrid.

Injani iBasilica yeNtombikazi yeAtocha?

Le basilica ine-nave enye, iicawa ezisecaleni kunye neegalari phakathi kwe-buttresses, igumbi elithobileyo eline-lunettes kunye ne-semicircular chapel entloko. I-façade enyaweni, yohlobo lweklasikhi, ifakwe isiseko sonxantathu kwaye ijikelezwe ziinqaba ezimbini ezinesipleyiti esisitayile «isitayile saseAustria». Indawo yoonongendi, enesicwangciso "L", iqhotyoshelwe entlokweni, isenza ikonisi eneplani yesikwere.

I-Pantheon yamadoda aqaqambileyo

I-Pantheon of Men Illustrious Men isabela kwizinto ezimbini zokuphela kwenkulungwane: ubugcisa bembali kunye nomfanekiso wokungcwaba. Isizathu esichaza ukuba kutheni apha indawo yokungcwaba "yamadoda abalulekileyo" isusela ngonyaka we-1837, xa abakwaCortes Generales bavotela iprojekthi yokuguqula icawe yaseSan Francisco el Grande ukuba ibe yiNational Pantheon of Illustrious Men. Aba kufuneka banyulwe ziiNkundla emva kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu beswelekile. Amagama amaninzi acetywayo, ukulahla abo abanokufa abanakufunyanwa (Cervantes, Velázquez, Tirso de Molina, njl.

Ekugqibeleni eli qela loothixo bokuqala lasungulwa ngo-1869, kubanjwa iintsalela zeembongi uJuan de Mena, uGarcilaso de la Vega no-Alonso de Ercilla; amajoni uGonzalo Fernández de Córdoba (uKapteni oMkhulu) noFederico Gravina; iJaji eyiNtloko yeAragon Juan de Lanuza; ababhali uFrancisco de Quevedo noPedro Calderón de la Barca kunye nabayili bezakhiwo uVentura Rodríguez noJuan de Villanueva. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka kamva babuyiselwa kwiindawo zabo zokuzalwa, ezivale okomzuzwana umbono wokudala oothixo besizwe.

U-Queen Regent María Cristina, umhlolokazi ka-King Alfonso XII, wayithatha le ngcamango ngo-1890 waza wagqiba kwelokuba abele indawo ye-Basilica yeNtombikazi yase-Atocha ngale njongo. Ukukhethwa kwale ndawo kungenxa yokuba abantu abanjengoJosé de Palafox, uFrancisco Castaños, uManuel Gutiérrez de la Concha okanye uJuan Prim bangcwatyelwa kuyo, kuba babengabalawuli bee-Invalides barracks ezazenziwe zasebenza kule ndawo ibiyelweyo emva kokuhamba kwe-Spain yemikhosi yamaNapoleon.

Emva kokuba iPantheon of Illustrious Men yagqitywa, ngo-1901 iintsalela zabakhankanywe ngentla zadluliselwa kuyo kodwa, njengoko bekunokwenzeka nakwabo bezopolitiko abangcwatyelwe apho kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, uninzi lwaphinda lwatshintshelwa kwezinye iindawo, zibangwa zizixeko zabo .

Okwangoku amanani alishumi elinantathu abalulekileyo avela kwimbali yezopolitiko nezomkhosi zaseSpain aphumle apha kumangcwaba enziwe ngabadwebi bemifanekiso eqingqiweyo abanjengoAgustín Querol okanye uMariano Benilliure. Phakathi kwabalinganiswa esinokukufumana: URíos Rosas, Cánovas del Castillo, José de Canalejas, Palafox, Castaños, Prim noConcha, phakathi kwabanye.

I-Pantheon of Men Illustrious Men ibekwe kwisitalato i-3 Julián Gayarre eMadrid. Ivula ngoLwesibini ukuya ngoMgqibelo ukusuka nge-10 kusasa. ukuya ku-14 kwaye ukusuka kwi-16h. ngo-18pm. nangeeCawe nangeeholide ukususela ngentsimbi yeshumi kusasa. ngo-10pm.