iTshayina, lilizwe elaziwa njenge "Isigebenga semillennium", nangona igama laso lesiqhelo lingu zhongguo okanye "ilizwe leziko", kuba eyona nto ibiyiyo kukuba lelona lizwe liphambili emhlabeni, ngokwembono yejografi, yezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho nezenkcubeko.
Nangona imida iye yahluka ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, umbindi wayo osembindini uhleli ungatshintshiyo, apho kwaphuhliswa khona ukuzalwa kwempucuko yaseTshayina: Huanghe River Basin, ethe, ngenxa yeentlenga zayo zelosi, yafumana ihlelo "Umhlaba omthubi" o "Ilizwe elityheli".
Singathetha ngeenkcukacha ezingenakubalwa zeli lizwe likhethekileyo, kodwa kweli nqaku besifuna ukugxila kwimiba emithathu (amasiko amaTshayina):
- Indima edlalwa ngabafazi kule mpucuko, kule minyaka idlulileyo.
- Izambatho eziqhelekileyo zelizwe kunye neempawu zalo.
- Imidlalo yemveli yelizwe laseTshayina.
Umfazi
Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, kumaxesha amadala e-China, yayilawula kwezo ndawo umatriki: abantwana bamkele ifani kamama hayi eyotata. Kwakuqhelekile ukungalazi igama likatata ngezihlandlo, yayiyinkcukacha engabalulekanga. Yonke le "lungelo" yaphela ngexesha lobukhosi Zhou, phi umfazi waphulukana nemisebenzi yakhe ebalaseleyos. Ukusukela ngoko, kude kube ngoku, ukuthunyelwa kwabasetyhini e-China yayilikhaya losapho, kwaye ngaphakathi koku, bekuhlala kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, ngakumbi abafazi abazizityebi abavela kwezona ndawo ziphakamileyo kwezentlalo, babenakho ukuphuhlisa eminye imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo engaphaya kweendonga zekhaya:
- Ngexesha lobukhosi I-Tang: bekukho abantu ababhinqileyo abakwazi ukukhwela amahashe.
- Ngexesha lobukhosi Ingoma nasekuqalekeni kobukumkani YuanKwakukho abafazi ababenokuhamba bodwa ngezizathu zeshishini, kwaye kwakukho noonongendi waseTao owavula ishishini lomqhaphu.
Nangona kunjalo, abadumileyo ukuziqhelanisa nokubopha iinyawo kwabafazi, ewunciphise kakhulu umsebenzi wabo, kuba ibakhubazile ngenxa yemisebenzi emininzi. Nangona singaziwa isizathu sokuvela kwalo mkhuba, kusithiwa ibiyindlela yokwahlula abafazi baseTshayina kubafazi bamanye amazwe, kuba le yokugqibela yayijongwa njengephantsi.
Yayinombulelo kuvukelo lwe Ukuqhatha, nokuba ukubophelela iinyawo kwakungavumelekanga, ngaloo ndlela kunikwa inkululeko engakumbi kwabasetyhini.
Abavangeli bamaProtestanti, ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kukuthandile ukuqaliswa kwamantombazana ekufundiseni. Kwelinye icala, okoko kungena amandla ombutho wamaKomanisi, yenze umzamo wokukhuthaza ukulingana phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini kodwa ngaphandle kokulahla ezinye iintsapho zemveli. Kungenxa yesi sizathu, kutheni nanamhlanje, ezinye iintsapho zishiya amantombazana kumakhaya eenkedama apho ahlala kakubi khona kwaye kwezinye iimeko, baphantsi koqheliselo olungenabuntu.
Isinxibo, isikhundla sakho sentlalo
AmaTshayina, ukusukela kumaxesha amandulo, ahlala eyinika i uphawu olukhethekileyo kwiingubo zabo. Umzekelo: amajoni ebukhosi bokulwa ayenxiba iintsiba ezimbini zeentaka entloko. Oku kufanekisela ubugorha namandla egorha.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwisinxibo sendabuko saseTshayina kukuba ayisiyiyo kuphela umqondiso wangaphandle wobuhle, kodwa ikwanikwe nexabiso elithile lokomfuziselo. Zonke iinxalenye zelokhwe zinxibelelana ngamandla abalulekileyo azalelwe kuzo.
Eyona nto iphambili iintlobo zeelokhwe zesiko lamaTshayina Zizo:
- El ipayi-fu, yenziwe ngamaceba amabini, ingubo efikelela emadolweni nesiketi esifikelela emaqatheni.
- El ch'ang-p'ao okanye isuti ende, esetyenziswa kumadoda nakwabafazi.
- Kwaye okokugqibela shen i, Ongumxube wezimbini ezidlulileyo.
Kule lokhwe imibala emnyama ibalasele ngaphezu kokukhanya, kwaye zazenziwe ngemfakamfele esebenze kakuhle enemibala eqaqambe kakhulu. Imibala ekhanyayo ishiye yonke imihla, ukuba isebenze, njl. AmaTshayina nxulumanisa eminye imibala namaxesha onyaka: luhlaza lumele intwasahlobo; bomvu, ihlobo; abamhlophe, ekwindla nabantsundu, ubusika.
imidlalo yemveli
Olona vavanyo lusemgangathweni lwesiTshayina yile 'wushu', saziwa njenge 'Ikung fu'. Oku ukuzilolonga nokuzilolonga Iyenziwa ngabantu baseTshayina amawaka eminyaka, kwaye namhlanje, ukwenziwa kwayo kuqinisiwe.
Lo mdlalo ubandakanya ukwenza uhlaselo kunye neentshukumo zokhuselo usebenzisa amandla kunye nokuqina. Zimbini iindidi zayo:
- Akukho zixhobo.
- Ngezixhobo.
Lo mdlalo wezithethe zakudala kunye nembali wayilwa kwaye waphuhliswa ngamaTshayina, zombini njengonyango, lomlo kunye nomsebenzi onemveliso. Ngaphakathi kwifayile ye- 'wushu' Kukho izahlulo ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwezinye zazo isaber, umkhonto, ikrele, intonga okanye isabhokhwe, phakathi kwabanye.
Siyabonga ku ubuhle beentshukumo yalo mdlalo, 'wushu' yeza nayo ukuya eqongeni nakwithiyetha yaseTshayina, apho iAcrobatics sesona sakhono siqhele ukubonwa.
Zonke izizwe zaseTshayina zihlala ziyithanda imidlalo ye-melee, ukulwa sisakhono esiphambili esenziwe ngabo.
Ukuba uza kutyelela ilizwe elityheli kungekudala okanye unayo njengendawo oya kuyo kwikamva, ngoku uyazi ezinye zezinto ezininzi ezinazo. Ukuba unomdla kwezi ntlobo zamanqaku apho sibonisa khona imvelaphi yeenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo zangoku, masazise kwicandelo lamagqabaza. Enkosi!