Amawakawaka abantu athabatha iMetro yaseMadrid yonke imihla ukuze ajikeleze kwikomkhulu laseSpain. Yeyona ndlela ikhawulezayo yezothutho kwaye yenye yezona dolophu zibalaseleyo emhlabeni. UKumkani u-Alfonso XIII wasungula icandelo lokuqala elidibanisa iSol neCuatro Caminos ngo-Okthobha u-1919 kwaye ukusukela ngoko ayikayeki ukukhula.
kunjalo, iMetro yaseMadrid ingaphezulu kwendlela yothutho. Nangona isenokungabonakali ngathi injalo, ikwayimyuziyam emangalisayo njengoko igcina ubuncwane obunomdla obulindele ukufunyanwa ngabahambi abangxamile. Apha sikubonisa ezinye zazo ukuze kwixesha elizayo xa uhamba kwindlela engaphantsi komhlaba uyeke ucinge, ukuba unqwenela, intwana yeMbali yethu.
Imbali yeMetro yeMadrid
Ngo-Okthobha i-17, i-1919, uKing Alfonso XIII wavula isikhululo sokuqala seMetro eMadrid: Iindlela ezine. Kwiintsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu kamva, abakhweli abangaphezu kwama-50.000 XNUMX abathathe uhambo lokuqala babona indlela uhambo lwabo oluqhelekileyo oluhamba ngayo ukusuka kwisiqingatha seyure ngetram ukuya kwimizuzu elishumi kuloliwe omkhulu. Kwakuphakathi kwexesha elizayo kwaye nangona ekuqaleni kwaphakamisa ukukrokra okuninzi, impumelelo yakhawuleza.
Kwiminyaka emibini kamva ulwandiso lokuqala oluya eAtocha lwafika kwaye ngo-1924 umgca we-2 phakathi kweSol kunye neVentas wasungulwa. Ngeli xesha kwaqala ukubonakala amatikiti okujikeleza okokuqala kunye nekheshi yokuqala, eyagqitywa ukuba ihlawulwe.
Nokuba iMfazwe yamakhaya ayikwazanga ukumisa ukuqhubela phambili kwayo. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuqala komlo, umgca we-3 wavulwa, phakathi kukaSol no-Embajadores. Nangona kunjalo, yayihlala phantse kwangoko kwaye kwafuneka ivalwe njenge-Goya-Diego de León (umgca we-4 wangoku). Kweli nqanaba, iinqwelo zazitshintsha abemi behambisa iibhokisi emangcwabeni asempuma kwaye iitonela zazisetyenziswa njengendawo yokuhlala ngexesha lokuqhushumba.
Ngexesha lolawulo lukaFranco kunye nokukhula okwalandelayo kwabantu ngee-60s, amaqonga alayini 1 andiswa ukusuka kwi-60 ukuya kwi-90 yeemitha. Ngexesha lohlengahlengiso, isikhululo seChamber savalwa okoko utshintsho lwalungenakwenziwa njengoko lwalusegopheni.
Kwiminyaka kamva iMetro yaseMadrid yayiza kuba nokukhula okukhulu. Umgca wesi-1960 wavulwa ngo-5 kwaye ngo-1974 umgca we-7 phakathi kwePueblo Nuevo kunye neLas Musas. Emva kwexesha kwakuza kufika umgca we-6 (isetyhula), i-8 yakudala (okwangoku eyinxalenye ye-10 neyenze indlela yeNuevos Ministerios-Fuencarral) kunye ne-9, nalapho iikhilomitha ezili-100 zafikelelwa khona xa kuvulwa icandelo lasePlaza Castilla-Herrera U-Oria ngo-1983.
Ngama-90, ukwakhiwa kwemigca yesi-8 neye-11 kwaqala kwaye IMetro de Madrid yayilungiselela ukushiya ikomkhulu ubophelele iArganda del Rey kunye neRivas Vaciamadrid.
Okwangoku, iMetro ifikelela koomasipala abali-12 kwaye iMadrid nganye inesikhululo seemitha ezingama-600 ukusuka kwikhaya labo. Bangaphezulu kwezigidi ezibini ezinesiqingatha abantu abasebenzisa le ndlela yokuhamba yonke imihla, ngoku, kumgca we-12, edibanisa iAlcorcón, iFuenlabrada, iGetafe, iLeganés neMóstoles.
IMadrid Metro namhlanje yenye yeedolophu eziphambili kwihlabathi kwaye xa kuthelekiswa nalawo makomkhulu amakhulu asentshona, iyabonakala ngokucoceka kwayo, ukhuseleko kunye nokuphuculwa kwezixhobo. Oko kwaqala njengeprojekthi encinci yokuphucula ukuhamba kwabahlali baseMadrid namhlanje yenye yezona nethiwekhi zikhulu zemetro emhlabeni, kunye neNew York, London neParis.
IMetro de Madrid, imyuziyam engaphantsi komhlaba emangalisayo
IMadrid sisixeko esinomdla kangangokuba sigcina iimfihlo nokuba ziphantsi komhlaba. Kuya kufuneka ujikeleze indlela engaphantsi ukuze uyikhangele.
Umzekelo, ukuba ukhe wahamba kumgca woku-1 kwaye wadlula kwizikhululo zaseBilbao nase-Iglesia, uyakuqaphela ukuba kukho isikhululo esidala apho uloliwe ungapheli. Iyaziwa ngokuba "sisikhululo somoya" kodwa elona gama layo yiChamber kwaye sasisesinye sezikhululo ezisibhozo ezenza lo mgca ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX.
IMetro yeMadrid | Isikhululo seChamberí
Ngo-1966 kwafuneka kwandiswe inani leenqwelo koololiwe bakwalayini kwaye kuba amaqonga awakwazanga ukwandiswa ukuze ahambelane nobude boololiwe, yayivaliwe ngenxa yokusondela kwezitishi ezikufutshane. Eyilwe ngumzobi u-Antonio Palacios, yahlala ingasetyenziswa ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amane kwaye nangona yenziwa ngezitena, yonakaliswa. Ngo-2006, inkqubo yokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo yaqala ukubuyisa isikhululo kunye nokwenza imyuziyam enofikelelo simahla. onokuthi upapashe ngayo ukuba ungaphantsi komhlaba ubunjani kwisiqalo sawo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ubugcisa bukwanendawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwiMetro yeMadrid. Kwisikhululo seRetiro (umgca 2) elinye lamaqonga lihonjiswe ngemizobo ngumdwebi wekhathuni odumileyo u-Antonio Mingote. Ikwanayo neholo lemiboniso eligcina imifanekiso yethutyana kunye nemiboniso yokupeyinta.
Kwisikhululo seGoya (imigca yesi-2 neye-4) kukwakhona imyuziyam yokwenene yabathandi bokupeyinta. Kwiqonga lomgca we-4 kukho iikopi zemifanekiso emininzi eyenziwe kumda omhlophe kaFrancisco de Goya. Zizonke zingamashumi asibhozo zokuveliswa ngumculi weAragonese ohambelana noluhlu lweLos Caprichos kunye neTauromaquia. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, indlela elungileyo yokonwabisa wena ngelixa uloliwe efika kwisikhululo.
I-Archaeology ikwanendawo egcinwe kwiMetro yeMadrid. Izikhululo ze-Ópera kunye neCarpetana ziyakungqina oku. Kweyokuqala, kwafunyanwa izidumbu zakudala ezivela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX ezigcinwe zaza zaba yinxalenye yeziko lolondolozo lwembali elikhulu kwikomkhulu eliphantsi komhlaba. Iintsalela zezomthombo kunye nomsele wamanzi ka-Amaniel.
Kweyesibini, iintsalela zefosili zafunyanwa ngethuba lokomba kwakhiwa iilifti ngo-2008. ZezikaMbindi Miocene kwaye, ngokukodwa, kwizizukulwana ezifana neAnchitherium, iAmphicyon okanye iCheirogaster. Namhlanje ungabona ukuphindaphinda kwezi fossil kulo lonke ixesha lonyaka njengoko zibonisiwe kwiikhabhathi zokubonisa ezihamba neepaneli ezichazayo.
Iminqweno yeMetro yaseMadrid
- Imisebenzi yokufaka uthungelwano lweMetro eMadrid yaqala ngoSeptemba 19, 1916. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, uKumkani Alfonso XIII wavula le ndlela yothutho yanamhlanje.
- Itikiti lokuqala laseMadrid lixabisa iisenti ezili-15 indlela nganye. Iiyure zokusebenza zazivela kwi-6: 20 kusasa kude kube yi-2: 00 kusasa.
- Ubude bayo yonke imigca bufikelela kwiikhilomitha ezingama-324, nto leyo eyenzayo yenethiwekhi yesixhenxe ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngasemva eMoscow, eTokyo, eParis, eLondon, eShanghai naseNew York.
- Isikhululo apho uninzi lweelayini zidibana khona yiAvenida de América ezine ezine xa zizonke.
- Umgca onezikhululo ezininzi linani loku-1 elinokuma okungama-33 kodwa olona luhamba olude ngumgca we-12, ohlanganisa iikhilomitha ezingama-40,96 zizonke.
- Enye yeempawu ezahlukileyo zeMetro de Madrid yile oololiwe babo babaleka ngasekhohloa, xa uninzi lweziporo zikaloliwe zaseSpain zisenza njalo ngasekunene.
- Isikhululo seAlto del Arenal (umgca 1) sibaluleke kakhulu kunokuba kubonakala, kuba kukho iPost Post elawula yonke into eyenzeka kwindlela engaphantsi kweMadrid.