Abantu bakwiiPhilippines baziwa njengabaphambukeli kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi kuba bathathwa njengezinambuzane… bazilungiselela ngokulula iimeko ezahlukeneyo abanokuzifumana bekuzo. Bakhula ukuze baphile, bayazi ukuba yintoni ukusinda.
IRiphabhlikhi yasePhilippines yabizwa ngegama likaKumkani uPhilip II waseSpain ngo-1543. Abantu bakwiiPhilippines baqala ngenxalenye yeAsia. Kukho imvelaphi evela e-China, e-India, e-United States nase-Spain, abantu abatshatele kwiiPhilippines ngenxa yoko kukho ukuxuba okuninzi kweenkcubeko phakathi kwabantu babo. Amaqela emveli angama-79 enza abantu bakwiiPhilippines kwaye ngokweWikipedia, iinkulungwane ezintlanu ezidlulileyo zibe nempembelelo enkulu kumxube wenkcubeko kubantu baseAsia naseNtshona.
Ulawulo lobukoloniyali lweSpanish ngo-1570-1898, kananjalo nolo lwamaMelika ngo-1903-1946, lwakhokelela ekwandisweni kwamaxabiso obuKristu kunye nesazisi esitsha kubo bonke abantu bakwiiPhilippines ukongeza, ukusebenzisana neenkcubeko zamanye amazwe afana ne China, India, Indonesia kunye neMalaysia zinike indawo yase-Asia kunye nokuthe ngqo kwilifa lenkcubeko lePhilippines.
El idioma
KwiiPhilippines kukho iilwimi eziqikelelwa kwi-175 kwaye phantse zonke zihlelwa njengeelwimi zaseMalay-Polynesian kunye nezinye iilwimi ezingamashumi asibhozo.. Phakathi kwezi lwimi kukho ezili-13 ezizezomthonyama ezinezithethi eziphantse zibe sisigidi.
Ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezintathu kwiiPhilippines, iSpanish yayilulwimi olusemthethweni phantsi kolawulo lwamathanga eSpeyin. Yathethwa ngama-60% yabemi. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kweSpanish kwaqala ukwehla emva kokuba iiPhilippines zithinjwe yi-United States kwiminyaka ye-1900, kwaye kwakungu-1935 apho uMgaqo-siseko wasePhilippines wazibiza zombini iSpanish nesiNgesi njengeelwimi ezisemthethweni. Kodwa ngo-1939 ulwimi lwesiTagalog lwaba lolona lwimi lusemthethweni. Ulwimi olubizwa ngokuba yi "Filipino" kwathiwa igama ngo-1959 kwaye Ukusukela ngo-1973 kude kube ngoku, isiPhilippines nesiNgesi zezona lwimi zixhaphakileyo kubemi balapho.
Inkcubeko kwiiPhilippines
IPhilippines lilizwe eliye lahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeka kwimpembelelo yenkcubeko, nangona uninzi lwezi mpembelelo zisisiphumo samakoloniyali ababenawo, ke inkcubeko yaseSpain neyaseMelika zezona zibonakalayo. Kodwa ngaphandle kwazo zonke ezi mpembelelo, inkcubeko yakudala yaseAsia yabantu bakwiiPhilippines isala kwaye ibonakala ngokucacileyo kwindlela yabo yokuphila, iinkolelo namasiko abo.. Inkcubeko yabantu bakwiiPhilippines yaziwa kakuhle kwaye iyaxatyiswa ngabantu abaninzi kwihlabathi liphela. Ezinye iinyani ezinomdla malunga nenkcubeko yakwiiPhilippines zezi zilandelayo:
- Abantu bakwiiPhilippines bayawuthanda umculoBasebenzisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ukwenza isandi kwaye bathanda ukumela imidaniso kunye namaqela okucula.
- IKrisimesi yenye yemibhiyozo ethandwa kakhulu ngabantu bakwiiPhilippines. Iintsapho zihlangana nge-24 kuDisemba ukubhiyozela "uMkhosi weKrisimesi" wesiko. Unyaka omtsha ubhiyozelwa ngokuqokelela onke amalungu osapho kwakhona. Ibhiyozelwa ngeempahla ezinithiweyo kunye neziqhamo etafileni.
- IiPhilippines ziingcali kwezemidlalo, Imveli yelizwe ibizwa ngokuba yiArnis eyindlela yobugcisa bemfazwe. Nangona bekonwabela nokubukela ibhola yomnyazi, ibhola ekhatywayo okanye umdlalo wamanqindi.
- Intsapho ibaluleke kakhulu kubo Kwaye kubandakanya oomalume, ootatomkhulu, abazala kunye nolunye ulwalamano lwangaphandle olufana nootatomkhulu okanye abahlobo abasenyongweni. Abantwana banothando lukaThixo kwaye xa abazali bengekho ngootatomkhulu noomakhulu abagcina abantwana. Kuqhelekile ukuba iintsapho zisebenze kunye kwinkampani enye. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zentlalo.
Iinyani ezithile ezinomdla malunga nenkcubeko yeePhilippines
Inkcubeko yasePhilippines yenziwe njengesiphumo somxube wempembelelo yangaphandle kunye nezinto zomthonyama, njengoko benditshilo imigca engentla.
Nangona itheyetha yemveli, uncwadi kunye ne-kundimans (iingoma zothando) kulwimi lwasekhaya ziphinde zaqaqamba ngokufika kwentshukumo yamandla edumileyo yaseCorazón Aquino, namhlanje iindwendwe ziya kungqina ubuhle bemiboniso, ii-opera zesepha, iifilimu zesenzo sePhilippines kunye nothando kunye namaqela omculo wasekhaya aphefumlelwe yintshona pop .
Kuphela li-10% labantu bakwiiPhilippines (ababizwa ngokuba ngamagcuntswana enkcubeko okanye amaqela obuhlanga bakwiiPhilippines) abagcina inkcubeko yabo yemveli. Kukho imiphakathi engama-XNUMX yohlanga, kubandakanya iBadjao, oonothwala bolwandle abahlala kwiziqithi zaseSulú, kunye nabazingeli baseKalinga, emantla eBontoc.
IPhilippines lilizwe lobuKristu kuphela e-Asiya, inkolelo ebanjwe ngabantu abangaphezulu kwama-90%. Elona qela likhulu labambalwa lenkolo ngamaSilamsi, anqabileyo sisiqithi saseMindanao kunye neziqithi zaseSulú. Kukwakho necawa ezimeleyo yasePhilippines, amanye amaBuddha, kunye negcuntswana labantu abakholelwa kwimimoya.
Ijografi kunye nembali yeePhilippines zibe negalelo kubuninzi beelwimi ezikhoyo, ezithi malunga nezi-XNUMX zeelwimi zonke. Umxholo wolwimi lwesizwe waphuhliswa emva kweMfazwe yaseSpain-Amerika yowe-1898, kwaye ngo-1936 isiTagalog sachazwa njengolwimi lwesizwe, ngaphandle kokuba babekhona abanye abagqatswa beli nqaku, njengoCebuano, Hiligaynon kunye noIlocano.
Njengoko benditshilo apha ngasentla, kwi1973 kwavunyelwana ukuba isiPhilippines iya kuba lulwimi olusemthethweni. Lulwimi olusekwe kwiTagalog, kodwa kubandakanya izinto ezivela kwezinye iilwimi zeli lizwe. Ngaphandle kwayo yonke into, isiNgesi sisesona sisetyenziswa kakhulu kwezorhwebo nakwezopolitiko.
Cuisine yasePhilippine ifumene iimpembelelo zesiTshayina, isiMalay kunye neSpanish. I-snack ichaza zombini ukutya kwasekuseni nasemva kwemini ngelixa i-pulutan (izibheno) zinikwa iziselo ezinxilisayo. Isidlo sangokuhlwa inyama ebosiweyo okanye iivenkile zokutya kwaselwandle zibhalwe isitayile.
Phakathi kwezona zitya zixhaphakileyo, ezisoloko zityiwa nerayisi, yinyama kunye nemifuno ephekwe ngeviniga negalikhi, igrosa eyosiweyo, isityu senyama kunye neesuphu ezahlukeneyo: irayisi, iineodles, inyama yenkomo, inkukhu, isibindi, ithambo lamadolo, irosi okanye imifuno emuncu.
Izitya zinikezelwa ngezilayi eziluhlaza zepapaya, intlanzi ebilisiweyo okanye intlama ye-shrimp, kunye namaqhekeza e-crispy yehagu. I-halo-halo yidyuli esekwe kumkhenkce otyunyuziweyo kunye ne-caramel kunye neziqhamo, zonke zigutyungelwe kubisi olungumgubo.