Zimbini iindlela zokwazi iSpain kunye nenkcubeko yamaSpanishi. Eyokuqala kukuya kweli lizwe, undwendwele iidolophu kunye nezixeko, ukonwabele ukubonwa kwayo, uyonwabele i-gastronomy yayo kwaye undwendwele iimyuziyam kunye namatye ezikhumbuzo. Enye into kukuhamba uye eNew York kwaye ungene kwi-Hispanic Society of America, eyona nkampani inkulu yenkcubeko yaseSpain phesheya.
Inxalenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo iSpain ikwazileyo ukunika ilizwe zifunyanwa kwelo ziko lidumileyo eliseManhattan elenziwe kwi1904 ngu-American philanthropist kunye no-Hispanicist uArcher Milton Hungary. Ngoku, enkosi kumboniso «Imibono yeLizwe leSpanishi. Ubuncwane boMbutho wamaSpanishi waseMelika »ovela kwiMyuziyam yasePrado baseYurophu banethuba lokundwendwela ingqokelela yobugcisa beSpanishi ngaphandle kweSpain. (enamaqhekeza angaphezulu kwe-18.000), umxube weMyuziyam yasePrado, uMyuziyam weSizwe we-Archaeological kunye neLayibrari yeSizwe yaseSpain ngamazwi omlawuli we-Hispanic Society kunye nomgcini womboniso, uMitchell A. Codding.
Ukususela ngo-Epreli 4 ukuya kuSeptemba 10, “Visiones del mundo hispánico. Ubuncwane boMbutho wamaSpanishi waseMelika » umboniso odibanisa iseti yemisebenzi engama-214 (ukupeyinta, ukrolo, imibhalo-ngqangi, ubugcisa bokuhombisa kunye neziqwenga zezinto zakudala kunye namalaphu) ezithathe iminyaka engama-4.000 yembali.
Lo mboniso uthathwa njengomrhumo ku-Archer Milton Huntington (1870-1955), umseki we-Hispanic Society of America eNew York ekusasazeni nasekufundeni inkcubeko yaseSpain e-United States.
Ngubani u-Archer Milton Huntington?
Uzalelwe eBronx, wayengunyana wesomashishini awayefumana kuye eyona ndyebo inkulu elizweni. Njengomntu ofikisayo, waya eParis naseLondon okokuqala. Apho wamangaliswa bubuncwane beLouvre kunye neMyuziyam yaseBritane kwaye kwakukomkhulu laseBritane apho wathenga khona incwadi ngumbhali waseNgilani uGeorge Borrow kwi-gypsies yaseSpain. Oku kwavusa umdla wakhe kwinkcubeko yaseSpain. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, wahamba kwilizwe lethu amatyeli aliqela kwaye wayithanda inkcubeko yethu. Kungenxa yoko le nto wagqiba kwelokuba anikezele ngobomi bakhe ekufundeni nasekusasazeni inkcubeko yaseSpain, esenza ithala lencwadi kunye nemyuziyam eNew York.
Ke, malunga ne-1900, waqala ukuthenga imisebenzi yokuqokelela kwakhe ngexesha lemfazwe eCuba eyayonakalise udumo lweSpanish eMelika. Kancinci kancinci yayisandisa ingqokelela yayo de yagcina izinto ezingama-750.000 ezinxulumene ikakhulu neIberia Peninsula, iMelika kunye nePhilippines.
Unjani uMbutho waseSpain waseMelika?
Ifumaneka kwi-Broadway Avenue phakathi kwe-155 kunye ne-156 yezitalato eNew York, uMbutho waseSpain waseMelika liziko elenzelwe ukufundwa kunye nokusasazwa kwenkcubeko yaseSpain eMelika. Yenziwe yimyuziyam kunye nethala leencwadi elitsala amawaka abantu unyaka nonyaka nangona bengekho kufutshane neemyuziyam ezinkulu ze-Big Apple.
Ngabasebenzi abamalunga nama-30, uMbutho wamaSpanishi waseMelika uxhaswa ngemali ngasese. Uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lonyaka lujikeleze i-4 yezigidi zeedola: ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sivela kwiingxowa-mali zeziko nakwizithembiso ezishiywe nguHuntington. Ukongeza, bafumana inkxaso-mali kwaye iimali ziphakanyiswa kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, efana negala lonyaka leziko.
Eliziko lenza imizamo emikhulu yokwazisa ngenkcubeko yamaSpanishi phakathi kwabantu baseMelika, abanye babo badla ngokudida inkcubeko yaseMelika yaseSpain neSpanish. Kodwa naphakathi kweSpanish, kuba ngaphambili wayesenza iimali mboleko ezibalulekileyo kwimiboniso kwiMyuziyam yaseThyssen okanye kwiMyuziyam yasePrado. Owona ubalaseleyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku yayingu "Umbono waseSpain" owathi ngo-2009 wabamba iipaneli ezili-14 ezathi zapeyintwa uJoaquín Sorolla ukulungiselela eli ziko kumasiko nezithethe zemimandla eyahlukeneyo yelizwe. Lowo wamkela iindwendwe ezingama-900.000 kwaye umboniso wangoku uthembisa ukugqitha kwelo nani.
Umbutho waseSpain waseMelika kwiMyuziyam yasePrado
Umfanekiso | Ilizwe
Bonke ubuncwane bayo obukhulu abuzange bushiye iNew York, kodwa kude kube nge-10 kaSeptemba sinethuba lokubabona eMyuziyam yasePrado eMadrid. Emva koko, lo mboniso uza kukhenketha iimyuziyam ezininzi eMelika (iAlbuquerque Museum eNew Mexico, iMyuziyam yobuGcisa obuBalaseleyo eHouston…) mhlawumbi nayo iya eMexico.
Ubuncwane be-Hispanic malunga ne-18.000 yemisebenzi yobugcisa, kubandakanya iziqwenga zezinto zakudala, imizobo, imizobo, imifanekiso eqingqiweyo, izinto zokuhombisa, ubucwebe, amalaphu ... ukusuka kwiPaleolithic ukuya kwinkulungwane yama-60. I-XNUMX% yemisebenzi ayikaze iboniswe ngaphambili eSpain.
Umfanekiso | Imbali kunye neArchaeology
KwiPrado uza kubona ukhetho oluncinci kodwa olugqibeleleyo. Indlela ecetywayo iqala kwinkulungwane yesithathu ye-BC nge-Paleolithic ceramics kwaye ifikelela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX ngemizobo kaSorolla, Zuloaga okanye iRamón Casas, phakathi kwabanye. Ukongeza kwizinto zakudala zakudala kunye nemisebenzi yabapeyinti bexesha likaHuntington, lo mboniso uquka umfanekiso waseRoma, owaseFenike, oweVisigothic, owe-Hispano-Muslim, owamaKristu aphakathi, ubugcisa bobukoloniyali, ubugcisa beGolden Age, ubucwebe, imibhalo-ngqangi, iincwadi incunabula, iimephu, amaxwebhu asemthethweni kunye nokunye okude. Ayilambathanga inyanzelise ukuba ihlale kuwo onke amagumbi okwethutyana ephiko leJerónimos, nalapho kuvavanywa uxwebhu malunga nesisa saseMelika, eNew York kunye nexesha lakhe.
Ngenkxaso ekhethekileyo yeBBVA Foundation, umboniso «Visiones del mundo hispánico. Ubuncwane boMbutho wamaSpanishi waseMelika »buya kuvuleleka eluntwini kwiZakhiwo zaseJerónimos zaseMuseo del Prado. Ukongeza, le ntsebenziswano nePrado isebenze ekubuyiseleni ubukhazikhazi kunye nobungangamsha kwezinye zeendlela zikaGoya kunye neVelázquez ezinje ngeLa Duquesa de Alba okanye iParrait yeNtombazana, ngokwahlukeneyo.