Ukufunyanwa kwePompeii ngo-1763 kwabangela uqhushululu phakathi kwabathandi bezinto zakudala zelo xesha. Babejamelene nolunye lwezona zinto zakudala zifunyenwe zizinto zakudala ezimbalini ezinomdla kwizizukulwana zonke ukutyhubela iinkulungwane.
Ukuqhuma kwentlekele yeVesuvius ngo-AD 79 kwatshabalalisa izixeko ezithathu zaseRoma kwimephu ezazizele ngokupheleleyo kwaye zithatha ubomi babaninzi babahlali bayo. Kuyamangalisa ke ngoko ukuba le ntlekele yenze ukuba kube lula ukugcinwa kwendlu yaseRoma kwaye isivumele ukuba sazi ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ubomi bunjani kule mpucuko. Ukundwendwela kungena kubukhosi baseRoma kwaye, ukusuka apho, wonke umntu angavumela ukucinga kwabo kusebenze ngokungalawuleki ...
Ukufunyanwa kwePompeii
Ngo-62 AD uPompeii wahlaselwa yinyikima kwaye wayekwinqanaba lokwakhiwa kwakhona xa yahlaselwa yintaba-mlilo eyabulala i-79 AD. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, kwagcinwa inkumbulo yobukho bamabhodlo akudala kule ndawo, kodwa kwade kwayinkulungwane ye-XNUMX xa uCarlos III waseSpain naseNaples wayalela injineli yomkhosi waseSpain ukuba iqale ukumba.
Ngokungafaniyo neHerculaneum, IPompeii yayigqunywe luthuthu lwentaba-mlilo yomelela ukuze ukufikelela kumanxuwa kube lula kakhulu kwasekuqaleni.
Kungekudala indlu yaseCicero, indawo kaJulia Felix, iGreat Theatre, i-Odeon, iVilla yaseDiomedes kunye neTempile yaseIsis yafunyanwa. Ukulindelwa kweziphumo kusasazeke kwiYurophu iphela kwaye inani elikhulu labaphengululi laqala ukufika ePompeii ukujonga ngamabhodlo esi sixeko sidumileyo.
Ukususela ngo-1860, kunye noGiuseppe Fiorelli, kwalandelwa indlela yokumbiwa kwezinto zakudala enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo ngoku. Ngaba wayengubani Kwaqala ubuchule beplasta edumileyo yokufumana isilhouettes yamaxhoba yentlekele. Yintoni egqithisile. Ugqibe kwelokuba agunyazise ukufikelela kukombiwa kuye wonke umntu xa kuhlawulwe imali yokungena. Ukuba kude kube lelo xesha kuphela yodidi oluphezulu olufumene imvume yokufikelela kula mabhodlo, ngoku nawuphi na ummi wayenokuhamba ngezitrato zePompeii yamandulo.
Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, udumo lukaPompeii lwandula ukubulela kwimithombo yeendaba kunye nokuqhubeka kokuhamba kweendwendwe zonyaka, ngelixa amaphulo ezinto zakudala eqhubeka.
Phantsi kolawulo lobuzwilakhe lukaBenito Mussolini, isixeko sabonwa njengomboniso wobuqaqawuli bangaphambili base-Itali kwaye abasemagunyeni babela imali enkulu kumsebenzi wokumba. Ndiyabulela koku, ukufunyanwa kwenzekile, njengaleyo yeVilla de los Misterios okanye indlu yaseMenandro phakathi konyaka we-1926 nowe-1932.
Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-XNUMX, kwafunyanwa izindlu ezitsha ezintathu: ekaFabio Rufo, uJulio Polibio kunye neCastos Amantes. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, isinye kwisithathu sedipozithi asikakuboni ukukhanya. Nangona kunjalo, mhlawumbi olona celomngeni lukhulu kubembi bezinto zakudala lulondolozo lwamabhodlo asele efumanekile, into enzima ngakumbi kwimeko yeengxaki zoqoqosho ezikhoyo.
Ukutyelela iPompeii
Ukutyelela ePompeii kunokuhlala usuku lonke kuhle kuninzi ukubona. Kukulungele ukufunda kancinci malunga nembali yasePompeii kunye neendawo ezahlukileyo ezivulelekileyo eluntwini ukuba zazi ukuba zeziphi esinomdla wokutyelela. Sincoma ngokukodwa:
- Iforum: iziko lobomi bezopolitiko, inkolo kunye noqoqosho lwesi sixeko.
- I-Basilica: isihlalo solawulo lobulungisa.
- Itempile ka-Apollo: esona sakhiwo senkolo sibaluleke kakhulu ePompeii.
- I-El Lupanar: isakhiwo esahlulwe sangamgangatho emibini kwaye senzelwe ubuhenyu bamakhoboka amaGrike nawaseMpuma.
- Iibhafu zeStabian: zisusela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX BC kwaye zezona zidala edolophini. Bahlukaniswa baba yindawo yabasetyhini kunye neyindoda. Babenamachibi ahlukeneyo kunye nenkqubo yokufudumeza ephucukileyo.
- ILa Casa del Fauno: Indawo yokuhlala enkulu enamagumbi ahlukeneyo ahonjiswe kakuhle kwaye agcinwe kakuhle.
- Iigranti zeGrande kunye nePiccolo: zinikezelwe kulonwabo lwabantu basePompeii, zikwimeko entle kakhulu.
- UOrto dei Fuggiaschi: kule gadi yeziqhamo, abantu abaliqela bothuswe ngumsindo wentaba-mlilo abazama ukuzimela kule ndlu kwaye bagqibela ngokufa betyhafile. Ukulahlwa kwezidumbu zabo kuhlala apho ukuze kungqinwe okokugqibela ebomini baba basePompeian.
Ukungena ePompeii kuxabisa malunga nee-euro ezingama-11 nangona ukuba kutyelelo lwakho ufuna ukufaka ezinye iindawo ezingabamelwane (iHerculaneum, iStabia, iOplontis kunye neBosco Reale) kukho itikiti lehlabathi elixabisa i-euro ezingama-20.
Iiyure: I-Pompeii inokutyelelwa yonke imihla ukusuka ngo-Epreli ukuya ku-Okthobha ukusuka ngo-8: 30 ekuseni ukuya ku-19: 30 emva kwemini nangoNovemba ukuya ku-Matshi ukuya ku-17: 00 emva kwemini.
Ulondolozo lwePompeii
Unyaka ngamnye phantse zizigidi ezithathu zabakhenkethi bandwendwela iPompeii, into entle kuba ishiya imali eninzi kodwa ikwayingozi kuba indawo yezinto zakudala iye yahlupheka kule minyaka idlulileyo "Intshabalalo yesibini yePompeii."
Ngenxa yokwehla komhlaba okungapheliyo, ukuphanga okungapheliyo, uqhankqalazo lwabasebenzi, ukuphathwa gwenxa kunye nesithunzi seCamorra, kwathandatyuzwa ukuba isixeko siyakwazi ukugcina ukwamkelwa Indawo yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi i-Unesco eyanikezela ngayo ngo-1997.
Ingxaki abayicombulule ngokufaka iinkqubo zokujonga ividiyo kunye nokuqesha oonogada abatsha abangamashumi amane ngaphakathi kwesakhelo esibizwa ngokuba yi "Great Pompeii Project", icebo lolondolozo elixhaswe ngemali yi-European Union, ethi, emva kokuba emngciphekweni wokunqunyanyiswa, yandisiwe kude kube ngu-2017. Iminyaka emibini ngaphezulu kokucwangcisiweyo kwasekuqaleni.
Umsebenzi wokubuyisela wenze ukuba kube nakho ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo ii-domus ezintandathu kwaye bawubuyisile umbala kwimifanekiso yasentsomini ehombise iindonga zayo. Imigangatho yemarble kunye nemibala emibini yemibala embindini wamagumbi nayo ikhanya ngokuqaqambe ngakumbi.
kunjalo, Umceli mngeni ngoku kukugqiba ukubuyiselwa ngo-2017 ukugcina indawo ikwimeko ezilungileyo, ukuthanda ukufikeleleka kunye nokuphuhlisa iwebhusayithi entsha.