NguDaniel Michaels
TOULOUSE, eFrance-Umphathi wemveliso AirbusUTom Williams uchithe iminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo ekhulisa imveliso kumenzi wenqwelomoya waseYurophu. Ngoku, njengoko iinqwelomoya zirhoxisa okanye zilibazisa iiodolo zazo, kufuneka ibambe ubunzima obunzima bokuhlengahlengisa iifektri kwimeko entsha ngaphandle kokulimaza ithuba lokuphinda ubuye.
I-Airbus ibhengeze ngolwe-Sihlanu ukuba ifumene iiodolo zenqwelomoya ezili-16 ngo-Matshi, xa kuthelekiswa nee-odolo ezingama-54 ngo-Matshi 2008 kunye nama-37 kunyaka ophelileyo. Inkampani ilindele ukufumana kuphela ii-odolo ezintsha eziphakathi kwama-300 nama-400 kulo nyaka xa kuthelekiswa nama-777 kunyaka ophelileyo, ekufuneka sikhuphe kuwo ukurhoxiswa konyaka ophelileyo.
Ukwenza iinqwelomoya kuntsokothe kangangokuba ukucothisa imveliso kunokuba nzima njengokukhawulezisa. Izityalo u-Williams ebesandula ukuzilungiselela ukuba zikhawuleze ukuvelisa kufuneka zithotyiwe ngaphandle kokuvumela iindleko ezizinzileyo ngenqwelomoya nganye ukuba inyuke kakhulu.
Uninzi lwababoneleli nge-Airbus, ababonelela ngazo zonke iintlobo zamacandelo, abanakushiyeka kugcinwa kugcwele iindawo ezingathengiswanga okanye iifektri zimile, okanye baya kuzifumana bebuthathaka kakhulu xa imfuno inyuka.
Ukongeza, ukubeka abasebenzi abanezakhono kunokubangela ilahleko yeetalente ezinokuthintela ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo. "Sichitha ixesha elininzi siqeqesha abasebenzi bethu abayila kwaye bahlanganisa iinqwelomoya, ke kufuneka silumke," utshilo uWilliam, usekela-mongameli we-Airbus kwiinkqubo, kudliwanondlebe kwikomkhulu lenkampani. Ukusukela ngo-2003, i-Airbus inyuse imveliso yeenqwelo moya ngama-60%, yashicilela ukuhanjiswa kwama-483 kunyaka ophelileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ngo-Okthobha, iyunithi ye I-European Aeronautic yoKhuselo kunye ne-Space Co (EADS) izicwangciso ezibekiwe zokuqhubela phambili imveliso kwaye ngoFebruwari zathi ziya kunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kweemodeli zayo ezithandwayo zendlela enye ukusuka kwi-36 ukuya kwi-34 ngenyanga. Ikwabhengeze ukuba izakuthathela ingqalelo ukusika kwakhona.
I-Airbus kunye nembangi yayo yaseMelika IBoeing Co., ebhengeze ukudendwa kwabasebenzi abangama-4.500 XNUMX kodwa eza kugcina imveliso izinzile kulo nyaka, basabela ngononophelo ngakumbi kunezinye iinkampani ezinkulu zorhwebo kwintlekele yehlabathi. Inkampani United Technologies Corp., eyenza izixhobo ze-aerospace, i-air conditioners kunye ne-elevators, yathi ngo-Matshi iya kunciphisa i-5% yabasebenzi bayo, okanye imisebenzi eyi-11.600. Caterpillar Inc. ibhengeze ukudendwa okungaphezulu kwama-20.000 XNUMX, ngelixa inciphisa imveliso kunye nokuqandanisa eminye imisebenzi yefektri.
Iinqwelomoya kunye nabameli beshishini baqikelela ukuba iAirbus kunye neBoeing ziya kudinga ukunciphisa imveliso ngakumbi ukunqanda ukwenza iinqwelomoya ezingafumani abathengi. UDouglas Harned, umhlalutyi wenqwelomoya eSanford C. Bernstein & Co eNew York, uxele kwangaphambili kwingxelo epapashwe kwinyanga ephelileyo ukuba iAirbus kunye neBoeing kufanele bakunciphise ukuhambisa kwabo kunyaka olandelayo ngama-20% kwizicwangciso zabo zangoku. Iinkampani eziqeshisa ngeenqwelomoya kutshanje zacela bobabini abavelisi ukuba basike imveliso ukunqanda ukugcwalisa imarike kunye nokunciphisa ixabiso leenqwelomoya kwimakhishithi yazo.
Abameli beAirbus kunye neBoeing bathi iiplani zokwakha zahlukile kuba ezi moya, ezibiza phakathi kwe-50 yezigidi kunye ne-300 yezigidi, zithatha unyaka ukuvelisa. Ngenxa yoko, umjikelo uqhubeka ngokuthe ngcembe.
Amava kaBoeing abonisa ukuba utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimveliso lunokuba lubi. Kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, umenzi wenqwelomoya wazama ukukhawulezisa imveliso yawo ngexesha elifutshane, kodwa wabaleka ngokunqongophala kwamalungu kunye nokusilela kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo. Ukusombulula iingxaki kwimveliso kubangele ilahleko enkulu kwi-Boeing, nanjengoko ihambisa amanani erekhodi eenqwelo moya. Ukusukela ngoko, bobabini iBoeing kunye neAirbus bazamile ukunqanda ukutsiba okukhulu kwimveliso.
Umthetho wezomsebenzi waseYurophu uthintela iAirbus ekuyekiseni abasebenzi ngokulula kweBoeing. Ngesi sizathu, kule minyaka idlulileyo umenzi waseYurophu uqeshe inani elikhulu labasebenzi bexeshana kunye nabasebenzi abancinci. UWilliams uthi ngokusebenzisa aba basebenzi rhoqo, unokunciphisa imveliso yakho ngama-20% ngaphandle kokuyeka abasebenzi abasisigxina. Ukuncitshiswa kokuqala okuphunyezwe nguWilliams kwiinyanga nje ezidlulileyo kukutshintsha kwamaxesha, okuye kwavunyelwa yiAirbus ukuba ihlangabezane neemfuno ezinamandla, utshilo umphathi ophetheyo oneminyaka engama-56, abangama-37 kubo bezinikele ekwenzeni iinjini, iinjini moya kunye neejethi.
Ukulawula abathengisi ngumceli mngeni omkhulu. Ngaphezulu kwe-80% yexabiso lenqwelomoya nganye yeAirbus ivela kwezinye iifemu, ngokukaLouis Gallois, umphathi we-EADS. Abanye baba bathengisi bancinci kwaye babuthathaka ngokwezezimali kune-Airbus kwaye baya kuba nexesha elinzima lokujamelana nengxaki, abanye abaphathi bathi.
Umthombo: WSJ Amazwe aseMelika