Amangcwaba aseRoma

Ukucinga ngeRoma xa ucinga ngokuzalwa kwempucuko yaseNtshona, kwiinduli zayo ezisixhenxe, kuyilo lwayo oluhle, olunikela ubungqina kudlulileyo lwalo njengekomkhulu lenye yezona zikumkani zinkulu zakudala. Ewe kunjalo, kukuziva intliziyo yobuKristu ibetha ukusuka eVatican Square.

Ngenxa yembali yayo ende, eRoma kuninzi onokukufumanisa. Imvelaphi yayo ayaziwa nangona uninzi lubonisa ukuba yenzeka ngo-754 BC ukusukela ngoko, isixeko siye sabona amaxesha ahlukeneyo embali ye-Itali, njengasebukhosini, kwiriphabliki okanye kubukhosi kwaye zonke ezi zinto zivelise amabali anomdla kwaye amabali, indawo elungileyo ehlala eRoma ngandlela thile.

Injalo imeko yamangcwaba aseRoma, iigalari ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezazisetyenziswa njengamangcwaba kangangamakhulu eminyaka. Kwixesha elidlulileyo bekukho amangcwaba angaphaya kwamashumi amathandathu kodwa zintlanu kuphela kuwo eziye zafika zikwimeko entle ukuba siwatyelele.

Kwiposi elilandelayo, siza kuya kumangcwaba angamangcwaba aseRoma ukuze sazi imvelaphi yawo, isiphelo sayo, iimpawu zayo nokunye okuninzi. Sukuphoswa yiyo!

Yintoni amangcwaba eRoma?

Le yimifanekiso engaphantsi komhlaba eyayisetyenziswa njengendawo yokungcwaba ngamaKristu okuqala aseRoma nangabemi abangamaJuda nabaseRoma.

KumaRoma yayilisiko ukutshisa izidumbu zabantu abaswelekileyo kodwa amaKrestu ayengavumelani neli siko, ke ngoko bagqiba kwelokuba benze la mangcwaba amakhulu angaphantsi komhlaba ukubangcwaba ngokwamasiko obuKrestu kananjalo njengendlela yokusombulula iingxaki zokungabikho kwendawo kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lomhlaba abanokufumana ngawo xa besenza imingcwabo yabo.

Umthetho waseRoma welo xesha wawungamvumeli umfi ukuba angcwatyelwe ngaphakathi kwesixeko, ke aba bantu kwakufuneka bafumane amangcwaba aseRoma ngaphandle kodonga lwawo. Ngokukhethekileyo kwiindawo ezifihlakeleyo nezifihliweyo phantsi komhlaba ukuze ukwazi ukwenza amasiko omngcwabo wamaKristu ngendlela yasimahla kwaye ngaphandle kokuziva ukhathazwa.

Amangcwaba okuqala ayedla ngokwenziwa emaphethelweni eRoma kumhlaba apho kwakukho inkwali. Ngale ndlela, igama elithi catacomb lithetha "ecaleni kwenkwali." Amangcwaba eRoma ayenenani elingenasiphelo legalari zangaphantsi komhlaba ezinokuthi zenze i-labyrinths yeekhilomitha ezininzi ubude, apho imigca emininzi yoonxande abaxande yafunyanwa.

Imizimba yabangasekhoyo yayibhijelwe ngeshiti yaza yafakwa kwizithambisi ukuze baphumle ngonaphakade. Emva kwexesha, ayevalwa ngamatye amangcwaba odongwe kwaye, ngokungaqhelekanga, ngamatye amangcwaba emarmore. Ekugqibeleni, igama lomfi lalikrolwe eqweqweni kunye nophawu lobuKristu.

Imvelaphi yamangcwaba eRoma

AmaKristu aqala ukwemba amangcwaba angomangcwaba ngamaxesha anzima, malunga ne-XNUMXth century AD, ngexesha lentshutshiso. Ngexesha ababezisebenzisa ngalo, amangcwaba aseRoma awazange ajikwe abe ngamangcwaba kuphela kodwa aba yindawo yokunqula nendawo apho baziva bekhuselekile ukwenza inkolo yabo.

Malunga nonyaka ka-313, ngokutyikitywa komthetho waseMilan, yapheliswa intshutshiso eyayiphunyezwa ngamagunya amaRoma kumaKrestu, ukuze babe nenkululeko engakumbi yokufumana umhlaba ngaphandle koloyiko lokuhluthwa kwaye ngokwakha amabandla amancinci apho ukuthandaza. Ngaphandle koku, uluntu lwamaKrestu luqhubekile nokusebenzisa amangcwaba aseRoma njengamangcwaba de kwaba yinkulungwane yesi-XNUMX ye-AD.

Kwiinkulungwane kamva, ngexesha lokuhlasela kwe-Italiya, amangcwaba aseRoma aqhubeka ephangwa kwaye ooPopu abalandelelanayo kwanyanzeleka ukuba badlulisele izinto ezingcwabayo kwiicawe zedolophu. Yiyo loo nto loo mangcwaba engcwabeni ashiywa kwaye alibaleka kudala.

Amangcwaba eRoma

Njengoko benditshilo ekuqaleni kwesithuba, ngaphambili bekukho amangcwaba angaphaya kwamashumi amathandathu kodwa mahlanu kuphela avulelekileyo kuluntu namhlanje. Eyona ibaluleke kakhulu neyaziwayo (iSan Calixto, iSan Sebastián kunye neDomitila) zimi kumgama omfutshane ukusuka kwenye iVia Appia. kwaye ihanjiswe kakuhle ziibhasi kwimigca 118 kunye 218.

• I-Catacomb yeSaint Sebastian (Via Appia Antica, 136): i-12 yeekhilomitha ubude, igama lalo lijoni elafela ukholo lokuguqula ubuKristu, iSan Sebastián. Kunye namangcwaba e-San Callisto, zezona zibalaseleyo anokubonwa.
  Vula ngoMvulo ukuya ngoMgqibelo ukususela ngo-9: 00 ukuya ku-12: 00 emva kwemini, ngo-14: 00 ukuya ku-17: 00 ntambama.
• Amangcwaba e-Saint Callisto (Via Appia Antica, 126): Amangcwaba aseSan Callisto yayiyindawo yokungcwaba abapapa abali-16 kunye neninzi lamaKristu afel 'ukholo kumnatha wabo weegalari ezingaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-20 ubude. Vula ukususela ngoLwesine ukuya kuLwesibini ukususela ngo-9: 00 ukuya ku-12: 00 emva kwemini, ukusuka ngo-14: 00 ukuya ku-17: 00 ntambama.
• Amangcwaba ePriscilla (Via Salaria, 430): Zineefrescoes ezibaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yobugcisa, ezinje ngemifanekiso yokuqala yeNtombikazi enguMariya. Banokutyelelwa ukususela ngoLwesibini ukuya ngeCawa ukususela ngo-9: 00 kusasa ukuya kutsho ngo-12: 00 emva kwemini nangowesi-14: 00 emva kwemini ukuya ku-17: 00 emva kwemini.
• Amangcwaba e-Domitilla (Via delle Sette Chiese, 280): La mangcwaba angaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezili-15 ubude afunyanwa ngo-1593 kwaye anegama lawo kumzukulwana kaVespasian. Vula ukususela ngoLwesithathu ukuya ngoMvulo: ukususela ngo-9: 00 ukuya ku-12: 00 emva kwemini ukusuka ngo-14: 00 ukuya ku-17: 00 ntambama
• Amangcwaba e-Santa Agnes (Via Nomentana, 349): Igama labo lityala u-Saint Agnes, owafela inkolo yakhe yobuKrestu kwaye wangcwatyelwa kula mangcwaba angomnye athi kamva athatha igama lakhe. Banokutyelelwa ngo-9: 00 kusasa ukuya kutsho ngo-12: 00 emva kwemini nangowesi-16: 00 emva kwemini ukuya ku-18: 00 emva kwemini Zivaliwe ngentsasa yangeCawa nangeenjikalanga zangoMvulo.

Ukuhonjiswa kunye ne iconografi yamangcwaba

Zombini imihombiso yamangcwaba angcwaba eRoma kunye nemifanekiso yayo ebonakala ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ekuqaleni babenempembelelo enkulu eGrisi enemixholo enxulumene nesilwanyana okanye umhlaba wezityalo kodwa inemvelaphi eyimfihlakaloijuba (uMoya oyiNgcwele), umdiliya nengqolowa (uMthendeleko), ipikoko (unaphakade), intlanzi (umthendeleko wobhaptizo), njl.

Emva kwexesha, ukuya kwinkulungwane yesithathu ye-AD, imixholo yebhayibhile yavela apho uKristu amelwe njengoMalusi Olungileyo okanye njengoTitshala.

Abembi bezinto zakudala baye bakwazi ukubala imihla yamangcwaba aseRoma ngenxa yesiko lokulungisa iingqekembe okanye ii-cameo ezindongeni ezenza ukuba kwazeke ukuba umlawuli ubulawelwe ngomphi umlawuli. Umzekelo, ezinye iingqekembe zinomfanekiso kaDomitian kunye nezinye kaNero okanye uVespasian.

Yintoni ongayibona kumangcwaba angcwaba eRoma?

Ukundwendwela amangcwaba aseRoma kuyakusivumela ukuba sazi ukuba injani imingcwabo yamaKrestu ngexesha ababetshutshiswa ngalo. Kuyachulumancisa kakhulu ukuhamba kwiipaseji ezimanzi kwaye ucinge ngemingcwabo yamanye amangcwaba enziwe kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ezadlulayo.

Njengomdla, ngenxa yokusweleka okuphezulu kweentsana ngelo xesha, kwii-catacombs zaseRoma sinokubona inani elikhulu labantwana kunye namangcwaba amakhulu okungcwaba lonke usapho.

Ixabiso lamatikiti aya kumangcwaba angcwaba eRoma

• Abantu abadala: 8 euro
• Ngaphantsi kweminyaka eli-15: 5 euro