IWarsaw Ghetto

Idolophu elikomkhulu lasePoland, iWarsaw, namhlanje sisixeko esidlamkileyo esinabemi abaphantse babe zizigidi ezi-2 apho amasiko nezithethe zale mihla zixatyiswa kuzo zonke iimbombo zesixeko. Indawo emangalisayo eyatshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi kodwa yakwazi ukuphakama kuthuthu lwayo. Indawo eyayisohlwaywa ngelo xesha yayiyiWarsaw Ghetto, eyona ndawo inkulu yamaJuda ehlabathini apho babevalelwe ngenkani phakathi kuka-Okthobha no-Novemba 1940 ngamaNazi.

Ukuqala kweWarsaw Ghetto

Ngo-1939 xa kwahlasela iPoland, urhulumente owayekhokelwa nguHans Frank wagqiba kwelokuba abahlule abantu abangamaJuda ababehlala eWarsaw kubo bonke abantu basePoland. Isizathu yayikukuzisa amanyathelo afanayo nalawo ayesele ekho eJamani kweli lizwe, into eyayiza kuyinyamekela usodolophu omtsha uLudwig Fischer.

Ngale ndlela, phantse i-90.000 yeentsapho zasePoland zanyanzelwa zaya kwi-ghetto yangaphambili yamaJuda ukusuka kumaXesha Aphakathi xa iPoland yayisisithunzela. Nangona ukushiya amakhaya abo yayiyingxaki yokwenyani babesenayo inkululeko yokujikeleza isixeko sonke kodwa Ngo-Novemba ngo-1940, amajoni e-SS ayirhawula iWarsaw Ghetto ngokungalindelekanga aza aqala ukwakha udonga Iimitha ezi-4 ukuphakama kunye neemitha ezili-18 ubude ezizodwa ezingama-300.000 zamaJuda ezaziza kunyuka ziye kuma-500.000 embindini wemfazwe.

Urhulumente waseGarsaw ghetto wawela kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yiWarsaw Jewish Council eyayikhokelwa nguAdam Czerniaków, eyayijongana nolawulo lwangaphakathi lweghetto kunye nonxibelelwano namaJamani kunye nePoland phesheya. Olu lawulo lwalubunjwe ngamagosa angoohlohlesakhe bamaJuda ngelixa abanye abemi ababebhuqwa yindlala. Ngapha koko, ukulawula le yokugqibela, kwenziwa umkhosi wamapolisa angamajuda aneeyunifomu zamaYuda kwaye ephethe iintonga zamisela ulawulo olukhohlakeleyo kwabanye abantu.

Ubomi kwighetto

Ubomi baseWarsaw Ghetto babungelula kuba akukho mntu wayenokuhamba ngaphandle kwabo babenyanzelwa ukuba basebenze kurhulumente kwaye bahlala bekhapha ama-SS okanye iiPolisi zeBlue Police.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1941, iWarsaw Ghetto yayisendlwini yendlala ngenxa yokuhluthwa nokuhluthwa ngama-SS. Le meko inokuncitshiswa enkosi kulungelelwaniso lobulumko lwezibonelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ehlotyeni kwakuloo nyaka, iJamani yahlasela iSoviet Union kwaye iWarsaw Ghetto yayenza mandundu imeko yayo kuba ngeli thuba bonke oovimba babelwa iphulo lomkhosi eRashiya. Ngenxa yoku kunqongophala nokusasazeka kwesifo se-typhus, amawakawaka abantu abulawa yindlala yonke imihla.

I-Holocaust iqala

Ukuba le meko yayisele ilusizi eWarsaw Ghetto, yaya isiba mandundu xa iFinal Solution eYurophu yaqala ngoJulayi ka-1942. IBhunga lamaJuda laxelelwa ukuba iWarsaw Ghetto yayiza kugxothwa ukuze ifudusele abantu baseMpuma Yurophu. Abo bachasayo babethwa babanjwa babanjwa bagqibela ngokufakwa uloliwe ngeemoto zeenkomo bagxothwa basiwa kwinkampu yokusweleka iTreblinka apho babulawa khona kumagumbi egesi.

Ngexesha lokuqala lika-1942, inani labantu baseWarsaw Ghetto lancitshiswa kakhulu kuba oololiwe bemka yonke imihla besiya kwiinkampu zokufa. Ubukhulu beNkohlakalo babubaluleke kangangokuba babungenakufihlwa kubemi baseWarsaw Ghetto ngo-1943, ngenxa yoko abantu abaninzi bakhetha ukufa besilwa kunokuba babulawe kabuhlungu. Yile ndlela yazalwa ngayo iKomiti yoLungelelwaniso lwamaJuda, eyayiqhuba ngokuchaseneyo namaNazi afana nalawo abizwa ngokuba yiWarsaw Ghetto Uprising, eyalwa inyanga yonke ngo-1943. umlo kunye namabanjwa, abanye babo bebezakudutyulwa kwangoko kwaye abanye bagxothwa bayokuxhonywa ngerhexu kwinkampu yokubhubha yaseTreblinka.

Ngokutshatyalaliswa koQhushululu lwaseWarsaw Ghetto, ubumelwane babungenabemi ngokupheleleyo nazo zonke izakhiwo ezijikiweyo zaba yingqushu. ISoviet Union yoyisa iWarsaw ekuqaleni kuka-1945.

IWarsaw Ghetto namhlanje

Imbali yamaYuda aseWarsaw asePoland abonwa namhlanje kwikona nganye yesixeko, njengeNogek Synagogue. Ecaleni kwale tempile, phakathi kwesitalato iMarszalkowska kunye neGrzybowski Square izakhiwo ezonakeleyo ezinesiqingatha se-7, 9, 12 kunye ne-14 zisekhona, ezithe zaqhekeka iifestile kunye neebhalkhoni ezaphukileyo, ezikhumbula loo monakalo.

Kukho isitalato esasindayo kwintshabalalo kwaye nangona uhlaselo lwaseRussia nolwaseJamani ligcine igama lalo: Prozna Street. Nazi izakhiwo apho ifuthe le-shrapnel lisenokubonakala. Ukushiya isitalato iProzna sisingise kwiMyuziyam yeMbali yamaJuda asePoland, embindini wento eyayiyiWarsaw Ghetto.

Imyuziyam ibonakaliswa ngokuba yeyangoku kwaye iyasebenzisana kwaye ichaza ngokweenkcukacha imbali yamaPolish angamaJuda kumboniso olandelela iminyaka eli-1000 yembali yamaJuda kweli lizwe. Imvelaphi yayo, inkcubeko yayo, izizathu zokuba kutheni iPoland yamkele amaJuda ngendlela ekhethekileyo kunye nendlela olwavela ngayo uluvo oluchasene namaSemite olwavela nge-40s yenkulungwane ye-XNUMX de yakhokelela kwi-Holocaust.

Phambi kwemyuziyam kumi ilitye lesikhumbuzo elihlawula irhafu kumaJuda akhokele uqhushululu eWarsaw Ghetto ngo-1943. Kwelinye icala amaJuda ajongwa emqolo kwaye ajonge ezantsi, kwelinye icala kuboniswa indawo ajonge kuyo ngqo nangomoya wokulwa.