Ihlala isaziwa njengommangaliso wesibhozo kwihlabathi lamandulo, IPetra bobona butyebi buxabisekileyo baseJordani kunye nomtsalane obalulekileyo kubakhenkethi. Udumo lwayo lufanelekile kwaye akukho nto ilungiselela le ndawo yothusayo. Kufuneka ubonwe ukuba uyakholelwa.
Isixeko esimangalisayo sasePetra sakhiwa ngamaNabataea malunga nenkulungwane yesithathu ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo, ababegrumba iitempile, amangcwaba, amabhotwe, izitali zezindlu nolunye ulwakhiwo lwamatye esanti abomvu. Aba bantu bahlala kulo mmandla ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-2.000 XNUMX eyadlulayo basiguqula sasisisixeko esibalulekileyo esidibanisa iindlela zesilika, ezo zinongo nezinye ezidibanisa i-China, i-India kunye ne-Arabhu esemazantsi ne-Egypt.Siriya, iGrisi ne-Roma.
Ukufunyanwa kwePetra
Kangangeenkulungwane bekuyimfihlakalo. Abemi bendawo yentlango yaseJordani bayirhangqa idolophu yasentsomini yamaNabataea ngamabali, mhlawumbi ukugcina iindlela zabo zeekharavani kwaye akukho mntu ubenobuganga bokufika apho. Ngapha koko, umntu wokuqala waseYurophu okwazi ukungena kwezi ndlela aze afike ePetra kwafuneka azenze inkosi yokucinga ngale ndawo yakudala, kuba abantu bamanye amazwe babengavumelekanga ukuzula kule mimandla.
Ngale ndlela, ngo-1812 abaseSwitzerland UJohann Ludwig Burckhardt wayengumntu wokuqala waseYurophu owakwaziyo ukufikelela ePetra ukuze abone ukuba yintoni eyinyani kula mabali. ezo zixelelwe ngomzi obomvu. Ngesizathu sokufuna ukwenza idini engcwabeni lomprofeti uAron, wakwazi ukwahlukana nesikhokelo sakhe kwikharavani awayehamba kuyo kwaye wakwazi ukucinga ngamehlo akhe ubutyebi obaziwayo baseNabataea. Wayengumntu wokuqala waseNtshona ukwenza njalo kwiminyaka engamakhulu amathandathu.
Ekuswelekeni kwakhe ngo-1822, iinkumbulo zakhe zalapho zingaqhelekanga zembiwa kwilitye elipinki kwintlango yase-Jordan zapapashwa kwaye kule minyaka ilandelayo uninzi lwabanye abahambi baseYurophu bafika ePetra, kubandakanya nomdwebi wekhathuni odumileyo waseScotland uDavid Roberts, oweza neendaba ezininzi kwaye iindaba eYurophu.imidwebo yokuqala yendawo.
Ukwazi uPetra
Kuya kuthatha iintsuku ezininzi ukwazi esixekweni ngokunzulu kuba zonke ezinye izikhumbuzo zisasazeke kakhulu kwaye kufuneka uhambe umgama omde ukuze ubabone bonke. Owona mqondiso wazo zonke nguNondyebo, ofikelela kumwonyo omxinwa obizwa ngokuba yiSiq.
Njengoko iPetra Valley ifikeleleka, undwendwe luza kubona izakhiwo zalo ezintle kwaye ziya kothuswa bubuhle bendalo yale ndawo. Njengomniki-mali uJohann Ludwig Burckhardt wenza iminyaka engama-200 eyadlulayo.
Apha unokufumana amakhulu emangcwabeni aqingqwe elityeni kwaye ahonjiswe ngemikrolo ebanzi eyakhelwe izizukulwana ezizayo. Uninzi lwazo lukwimeko entle nangona kungekho mntu. Iholo enkulu yemidlalo yamaRoma eyakhiwe ngamaNabataea nayo iyagcinwa, ngokungafaniyo nezindlu ezatshatyalaliswa yinyikima.
Kukho iiobelisk, iitempile, izibingelelo, izitrato ezineentsika, kwaye ngaphezulu entilini kuphakama indawo entle yeemonki iAd-Deir, inyuko lama-800 amatye anyukayo akhokelela kuyo.
Ngaphakathi kwesi siza unokundwendwela iimyuziyam ezimbini ezimangalisayo ezinengqokelela enkulu yamaqhekeza avela kwingingqi yePetra: iMyuziyam yase-Archaeological kunye neMyuziyam yaseNabatean.
Kukho indawo engcwele yokukhumbula ukusweleka kuka-Aaron, umntakwabo Moses, eyakhiwa sisikhulu sakwaMamluk senkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Ngaphakathi kwakwikhompiyutha, amagcisa ahlukeneyo asuka kwisixeko saseWadi Musa nakwindawo yokuhlala ekufutshane yaseBedouin amisa iitafile zabo ezincinci ukuze bathengise ubugcisa basekuhlaleni, njengobumba baseBedouin nobucwebe, kunye neebhotile zesanti enemibala evela kuloo ndawo.
Leliphi elona xesha lilungileyo lokumazi uPetra?
Kwimeko apho ufuna ukuthatha imifanekiso, elona xesha lilungileyo lokundwendwela isixeko kususela kusasa kude kube phakathi-ntsasa okanye emva kwemini, xa ukuthambekela kwemitha yelanga kugqamisa imibala yendalo yamatye.
Nangona kunjalo, utyelelo lwangokuhlwa kuNondyebo wasePetra ngokukhanyisa ikhandlela alulibaleki, amava omlingo ekufuneka nawo ahlaliswe apho. Kuyacetyiswa ukuzisa iimpahla ezishushu kuba amaqondo obushushu asezantsi ebusuku kwaye umboniso wokukhanya kunye nomculo oqikelelweyo apho unokuhlala iiyure ezintathu emoyeni ovulekileyo.
Uyifumana njani iPetra?
Ukufikelela kwezithuthi kule ndawo akuvumelekanga kodwa unokuqesha ihashe okanye inqwelomoya ukhenkethe iSiq. Abantu abakhubazekileyo okanye abantu abadala banokufumana imvume ekhethekileyo kwiZiko leeNdwendwe lokutshintshela embindini wePetra kunye nokutyelela kwezona ndawo ziphambili ngexabiso elongezelelweyo.
IJordani ingaphezulu kakhulu kwePetra
UPetra ungaphezulu kwesizathu esaneleyo sokundwendwela iJordani kodwa ingesiso sodwa. Ukongeza kwamanye amatye ezikhumbuzo, ilizwe linika ubuhle bentlango, imihlaba egcwele iintyatyambo kunye neelali ezincinci ezigcina izithethe zazo zakudala.
Kwakhona, IJordani ibheja ekonyuseni ukhenketho lwayo lwenkolo kunye neBhodi yezoKhenketho eJordani, umzimba wokukhuthaza ukhenketho lukawonkewonke ngokusebenzisana neengcali ezivela kwiJacobean Route, Uyilele 'iJordan Trail', ehamba ngamanqaku aphambili ebhayibhile aseJordani: Ukubhaptizwa kukaKristu kuMlambo iYordan, ukunyuka komprofeti uEliya esiya ezulwini ngenqwelo yomlilo ukusuka kwimpuma yaloo mlambo, indawo awalibonayo uMoses kwiLizwe Lesithembiso kwiNtaba yeNebho okanye kwisixeko esifihla Imephu kaMoses yelizwe eliNgcwele elingumhla we-XNUMXth century eyaziwa ngokuba yiMadaba.
Le yeminye yemizekelo yeendawo ezibonakala eBhayibhileni kwaye ziyinxalenye yale projekthi inkulu ejolise ekutsaleni abahambi kwihlabathi liphela. Lilonke, ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-600 zisasazekile ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezingama-40 ezikuvumela ukuba ufumane ilizwe lonke ngokuwela ukusuka emantla uye emazantsi.